Supplementary material for the second - year students. Учебное пособие

Ex. 3. Speak about your dislikes using the phrases.

Can’t stand, to be one of the pet hates, to detest, to be frightening, to get annoyed, to hate absolutely, not to be too keen on sth, to loathe.

Strong negative adjectives: awful, dreadful, terrible.

Ex. 4. Describe your household duties. Which of them you adore/hate/don’t mind doing.

To vacuum, to dust, to iron, to sweep, to wash up, to tidy up.

Ex. 5. Use pairs of neutral-strong adjectives in the situations of your own.

Tired-exhausted, dirty-filthy, good-delicious, big-enormous, small-tiny, angryfurious, badawful, dreadful, terrible, goodfantastic, brilliant, terrific, great, wonderful, superb, marvellous.

Ex. 6. Spot the errors and explain them.

1. I don’t like a man over there. 2. Where is sugar? 3. He visited USA last year. 4. I speak the Italian. 5. I like having a sleep after lunch. – So am I. 6. I hate getting up late. – Neither do I. 7. I can’t swim. – So can I. 8. Can you tell me when does the shop open? 9. Could you show me where do they live?

Ex. 7. Study the vocabulary

A Words and expressions relating to liking

Bell quite liked Jack when they first met. However, although a lot of her friends said they found him attractive, she didn't fancy him at all. He invited her out and she should admit that she was more tempted by his sports car than by him at first. However, she really enjoyed spending time with him. He fascinated her with his stories of his travels around the world and something mysterious about his past also attracted her. Moreover, they were both very keen on boating. Soon she realized she had fallen in love with him. His sense of humour really appealed to Bell and she was also captivated by his gift for poetry. Now, four years later she absolutely adores him and cannot understand why she didn't fall for him the moment they first set eyes on each other. He is a very caring person, fond of animals and small children. He is always affectionate and loving towards her and passionate about the causes he believes in and the people he cares for. Bell hopes they will always worship each other as much and be as devoted to their life together as they are now (Harmer J., Rossner R., More than Words. Book 1, p.13).

В Words and expressions relating to desiring

Desire is used either as a formal verb to express a sexual wish for someone or else it is quite a formal word for wish.

He desired her the moment he saw her. He has a strong desire to see the Pyramids.

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Looking forward to means thinking about something in the future with pleasant anticipation. The opposite is to dread.

They are looking forward to spending their holidays in America. but they are dreading the flight.

Long for means to wish for something very much.

As soon as I get back from one holiday, I'm longing for the next. Yearn for is a more poetic way of saying long for.

He will never stop yearning for his native town but he knows he can never return.

С Words and expressions relating to disliking.

Loathe, detest, hate, cannot stand and cannot bear are all stronger ways of saying dislike and they are all followed by a noun or an -ing form.

I loathe / detest / hate / cannot stand / cannot bear bad-mannered people.

Repel, revolt and disgust are all strong words used to describe the effect which something detested has on the person affected.

His paintings disgust me. I was revolted by the way he spoke. His behaviour repels me.

D Ways of addressing loved ones

dearest sweetheart darling love dear pet

Pet is used mainly to children. Note that the last three words in the list are not confined to use with people who are really loved. It is not uncommon for a London bus conductor, for example, to address any girl or woman as 'love'. (His Glasgow equivalent calls his female passengers 'hen') It's best for you, however, to keep such words for people you have a close relationship with! (Harmer J., Rossner R., More than Words. Book 1, p.17).

Ex. 8. Give nouns, adjectives, adverbs of the following verbs: tempt, attract, appeal, disgust, hate, repel, adore. Make up sentences according to the patterns:

The cake tempted her. – She was tempted by the cake. – The cake was tempting. – She found the cake tempting.

Ex. 9. Explain the words: misogynists, ornithologists, arachnophobia, kleptomaniacs, masochists, optimists look forward to…

Ex. 10. Reword the sentences without changing their meaning.

1. I very much enjoy his music. 2. I strongly dislike melodramas. 3. Smoking makes me feel sick. 4. I don’t really care for Cola. 5. His sense of humour attracts me. 6. She has totally charmed us. 7. Do you fancy a disco tonight?. 8. She likes tennis and jogging. 9. I am dreading the finals.

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Ex. 11. Complete the sentences or answer the questions.

1.What kind of food do you like? (adore, can’t stand) 2. I’m longing for…3. I’m fascinated by…4. What attracts you most in a person of the opposite sex? 5. What do you enjoy most about your studies? 6. If you were on a diet, what food or drink would tempt you most to break the diet? 7. What characteristics in people do you most detest? 8. What do you dread about getting old? 9. What do you fancy doing this evening?

Ex. 12. Translate text A into Russian. Use different Russian words. Memorize the text.

Ex. 13. Translate into English.

1. Все знали, что ее больше прельстили его деньги, хотя многие считали его достаточно красивым. 2. Они были очарованы его поэтическим даром. 3. Мне очень импонирует эта идея. 4. Я взываю к вашему здравому смыслу. 5. Они были нежны друг с другом. 6. Его мать гораздо нежнее к нему, чем к его сестре. 7. Мне не безразлично, как он себя ведет. 8. Он не пьет, ему безразличен вкус алкоголя. 9. Такое общество создает менее компетентных, но более заботливых (небезразличных) людей. 10. Фил был мягким, заботливым человеком. 11.

Когда ей было 18, очаровательный брюнет пленил ее. 12. Рузвельт был оратором, который мог пленить аудиторию. 13. Он был того типа, которым женщины легко увлекаются. 14. Он сильно увлекся ею, когда увидел на вечеринке. 15. Он очень предан своей семье. 16. Она боготворит своих родителей и трепетно относится ко всему, что связано с её семьей. 17. Люди были привлечены его страстной речью. 18. Он страстно спорит, когда речь идет об этом. 19. Она с нетерпением ждала этой встречи. 20. Он со страхом ждал ее ответа. 21. Она с опаской ждала его возвращения. 22. Мы грезим о красоте, истине и смысле в нашей жизни. 23. Она грезила о том, когда сможет поехать обратно во Францию. 24. Он не мог скрыть своего отвращения. 25. Любое грубое слово могло оттолкнуть ее. 26. Своими плевками он вызвал у Саймона чувство отвращения. 27. Эта картина меня возмутила. 28. Он был возмущен тем, что увидел. 29. Люди были крайне возмущены действиями правительства. 30. Он столкнулся с роптанием в собственной партии. 31. Это было настоящее испытание ее материнских чувств. 32. Когда он рассказывал о своих кругосветных путешествиях, все слушали его, затаив дыхание (плененные). 33. Он быстро завоевал репутацию женоненавистника.

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Part 2

Ex. 1. Read these comments about smoking and say which you sympathize with and why.

“1. I really dislike the habit. 2. I would hate to think that a child of mine would start smoking. 3. People seem to detest me just because I smoke. Well why not? I like smoking. 4. I don't care for cigarettes. They are extremely unpleasant. 5. I get a kick out of smoking. I'd just like to see someone try to stop me! 6. I used to be a smoker, but now I've taken an intense dislike to the habit - it's distasteful and harmful. 7. There's nothing I loathe more than people who've given up smoking. They're so self-righteous. 8. I'm not that keen on it, but yes, I enjoy the occasional cigarette. 9. I have a love-hate relationship with cigarettes. I mean I love smoking but I hate what it might do to me. 10. Cigarettes do not tempt me in the slightest. They never have. And I can't stand being in public places which are full of smokers” (Harmer J., Rossner R., More than Words. Book 2, 2004, p.36).

Ex. 2. Use the words to speak about: politicians, dogs, modern architecture, personal stereos, clothes (say which type you are talking about):

Revolting, be fond of, charming, be devoted to, detestable, loveable, adorable, enchanting, captivating, tempting, enticing, to fancy, hateful, odious, disgusting, desirable, repulsive.

Ex. 3. Give nouns and verbs to the adjectives: revolting, charming, loveable, adorable, enchanting, captivating, tempting, enticing, fanciable, hateful, disgusting, desirable, repulsive.

Ex. 4. Use the correct form of the word in brackets.

1. Heavy drinking is really (harm) to the liver. 2. The sight of someone who has had too much to drink is really (disgust). 3. Some people are (captivate) by the confidence of people who have had a drink or two. 4. Most of us, however, tend to (repulse) the advances of inebriated people. 5. Once you have had a drink there is a strong (tempt) to have another. 6. People who have had a lot to drink often find members of the opposite sex more (entice) than they do when they are sober. 7. There are two kinds of drinkers; those that are (love) and that are (detest). 8. The main thing — if you want to drink — is not to become (addict) to the stuff.

Ex. 5. Make statements about the following using words from ex.4: Football hooligans, grandmothers, pornography, drugs, ballet dancers.

Ex. 6. Say which of these sentences are correct and which don't sound right.

1. I really hate driving in the rush hour. 2. I'm absolutely keen on travelling by train. 3. I absolutely love fast cars. 4. I quite loathe flying. 5. I simply adore expensive cars. 6. I fairly detest travelling by bus. 7. I really enjoy first class travel.

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EX. 7. Based on the previous exercise, say which of the qualifying words absolutely, fairly, quite, rather, really, simply: are used with more neutral words; are used with stronger words for liking and disliking; can be used with either; which cannot be used with verbs.

Ex. 8. Some people are talking about Ralph’s music. Who likes it, neutral about it, doesn’t like it?

Paul: I’m really into it. Keith: I would call myself an aficionado. Kate: Ralph’s music leaves me cold. Anne: He’s not up to much as far as I am concerned. Jenny: Ralph’s music? I can take it or leave it. Liz: I’m a real fan of his music. Irma: Frankly it really gets on my nerves. Tim: I’m an admirer of his but I don’t like his latest record. Brian: I’m not really bothered. John: He’s out of this world!

Ex. 9. Translate into English.

1. Он был хорошим адвокатом и получал большое удовольствие от процесса суда. 2. Он в соседней комнате и, очевидно, получает огромное удовольствие, подслушивая нас. 3. Это не просто для удовольствия, это - для определенной цели. 4. Когда-то он очень увлекался плаванием, но потом забросил это занятие. 5. Я перестала спорить с ним, хотя получала истинное наслаждение от спора. 6. В его голосе слышались нотки непоколебимой уверенности в собственной правоте. 7. мне было неприятно смотреть на его праведное негодование. 8. Люди, абсолютно уверенные в собственной правоте, были неприятны ему. 9. Я не до такой степени люблю рыбалку, что идти на речку по такому дождю. 10. Он не слишком любил слушать оперу, хотя иногда это ему доставляло удовольствие. 11. Все смеются над тем, что я и Джон то любим, то ненавидим друг друга. 12. Его предложение не прельщает меня ни в малейшей степени. 13. Грубые люди омерзительны. Они могут вызывать только отвращение. 14. Его пейзажи пленительны. Они вызывают чувство любви. 15. Она перестала встречаться со мной, и это сделало ее более желанной. 16. Ее походка была манящей, и я не мог не желать ее. 17. Его попытки сблизиться со мной были ненавистны. 18. Как только вы попробуете это блюдо, у вас появится сильный соблазн попробовать еще. 19. Я не понимаю, почему все балдеют от него. Он не представляет собой ничего особенного. 20. Его произведения мне безразличны. Не могу сказать, что я его почитатель. 21. Его картины чарующи. Он не от мира сего. 22. Все эти статьи показывают его как гнусного политика. 23. Что касается его поэтического дара, он не представляет ничего особенного. 24. Твоя ссора вчера была просто омерзительна. 25. Его музыка многих оставляет равнодушными. Боюсь, он не делает ничего особенного. 26. Мне действительно нравится его искусство. Он потрясающий! 27. То, что он увидел, и отталкивало и

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притягивало его одновременно. 28. Эти фотографии не оставят никого равнодушными. 29. Неправы те, кто считают, что он не делает ничего особенного в фотографии. 30. Его последний альбом действует мне на нервы. 31. Я не очень люблю итальянскую кухню, но иногда получаю истинное удовольствие от пиццы.

SPEAKING TOPICS:

1. My Likes and Dislikes (5 categories: food, music, clothes, books, entertainments, people, household duties, studying, etc.)

Ex. 1. What are the most important factors for you in choosing or keeping a job? Put them in order of importance:

good salaries/wages; interesting and varied work, not boring and monotonous; work which is useful to society; good working conditions; flexible hours; opportunities to meet people; friendly and considerate management and colleagues; opportunities to travel; long holidays;

Another factor – what?

Ex.2. What would you call sb who: What are their duties?

1receives and pays out money in a bank 2 is in charge of a whole company 3 collects rubbish from houses 4 checks people’s eyesight 5 teaches at a college or university 6 repairs pipes, taps, etc in homes and buildings 7 performs tricks for audience 8 does physical work involved in building, repairing roads, etc 9 cleans the streets 10 flies a plane 11 shows films at a cinema 12 checks tickets on a train 13 travels round selling things

Ex.3 Which of the jobs in ex.2 would you most/least like to do? Boring, interesting, well/badly-paid? Which of the occupations above can be called jobs/professions?

Ex.4 Put these professions into the correct line: police officer, doctor, firefighter, medical orderly, social worker, surgeon, constable, specialist, postal delivery worker, nurse, administrator, sergeant, sister, health visitor, dust(bin) man/refuse collector, milkman, hospital porter, postman, ambulance man, detective.

Health service; postal service; social services; sanitation services, police force, fire service, other emergency services, other services.

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Ex. 5. Enumerate language jobs. What personal qualities you need to do them: brave, imaginative, courageous, helpful, efficient, careful, fit, cheerful, creative, patient, original, hard-working.

Ex. 6. Put each of the following words or phrases in its correct place below: constructively, aimless, regimentation, rewarding, initiative, scope, challenge, creativity, aspire, conditioned,

9 to 5, fulfillment

Attitudes to Work and Leisure

«Most adults (a) ____ to more leisure but, in fact, not many people have the necessary (b) ____ to use the free time they already have very (c) ____. The sad fact is that we need work because it imposes the discipline we need. Life seems

(d) ____ and we secretly look forward to our work again. We dream about personal (e) ____ but probably find it more in our work than in our leisure time. This depends on age. The young are free from work and responsibility, and freedom comes naturally to them. However, after they begin jobs they become (f)

____ to work. They find they need it, however much they complain about its routine and (g) ____. Obviously this again depends on the kind of work. Those with (h) ____ jobs, or jobs which require (i) ____, receive genuine satisfaction from their work, but most of us are in conventional (j) ____ jobs which offer little

(k) ____ for imagination. We leave our work only to face a leisure that we find difficult to cope with. Our mistake is in regarding leisure as a chance to do nothing, whereas in fact it should be looked on as a (I) ____» (Vince M., First Certificate Language Practice, 2003, p.157).

Ex. 7. The Status of people at work. Use the correct phrase instead of the words in italic in the sentences: “the headmaster to be, the late headmaster, the present headmaster, the headmaster present, the actual headmaster, the headmaster in question, the so-called headmaster, the would-be headmaster, the ex-headmaster, the stop-gap headmaster, the sacked headmaster.

a)The man determined to be headmaster made a speech.

b)The headmaster, who is now dead, made a speech.

c)The headmaster who was at the occasion made a speech.

d)The man who had previously been headmaster made a speech.

e)The man who is now headmaster made a speech.

f)The headmaster who was dismissed made a speech.

g)The headmaster himself made a speech.

h)The man who was temporarily acting as headmaster until someone was appointed permanently made a speech.

i)The headmaster who is the subject of discussion made a speech.

j)The man who was due to take up his appointment as headmaster made a speech.

k)The headmaster, who I think is very bad at his job, made a speech” (Vince

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M., First Certificate Language Practice, 2003, p.201).

Part IV LOOKING FOR A JOB

Ex. 1. Give verbs to these nouns and explain them: application, dismissal, increase, interview, offer, promotion, resignation, rejection, reprimand, rise, retirement, shortlist.

Ex. 2. Use some of the verbs from ex.1 in the text.

«Colin was eighteen. He had left school at sixteen and done two years’ training in catering. There were quite a few jobs being advertised in the newspaper, and he decided to (a) three of them. One of his applications was (b), but the two other companies wrote back to say that he had been (c), along with two other candidates. He was (d) by the owner and manager of one of the companies. They asked him some tricky questions and he didn’t think he did too well, but he felt that the interview for the other job went well. He was very surprised, that he was

(e) both jobs. He accepted the one with the higher salary, of course!

Colin got on fine at first. After only three months, his salary was (f) by ten per cent, and after six months he was (g) to Head Chef. But then things started to go wrong. He didn’t get on with the new manager and sometimes didn’t accept the menus that she suggested. After a while, she called him into her office and (h) him for disobeying her orders. She warned him that if his attitude continued he would be (i). In the end Colin felt so unhappy at work that he decided to leave his job. He (j) on 30 June and left at the end of July, just in time to take a summer holiday» (McCarthy M., O’Dell F., English Vocabulary in Use, 2002, p.49).

Ex. 3. Find in the following text the definitions of the words: part-time job, temporary job, contract, pension, job description, job centre, redundancy, Curriculum Vitae (CV), unemployment benefit (dole), application, rise.

“Sheila: 1. Sheila got on well in her first job, and after a while she got a higher salary. 2. She did so well that after a year, she was given a new job with more responsibility. 3. After a while, the quality of her work was not good enough, and she was often late. She had to see the boss, who told her she was not satisfied. 4. Her work continued to be unsatisfactory. After another warning she was told that she had to leave. 5. Sheila got another job, but she didn’t like the work and decided that she wanted to leave. 6. Sheila got a third job, but after a few weeks the company went bankrupt and her job came to an end. 7. After several weeks without a job, she registered at a government office. They paid her a small amount of money every week.

Angela: 1. Angela prepared a summary of her qualifications and experience. 2. She saw an ad in the newspaper and wrote a letter to the Personnel Department. 3. She received a letter saying that she and a few others had been selected to meet

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managers on a certain day. 4. With the letter there was a list of things that the job involved. 5. Angela attended a formal meeting at which some managers asked questions about her experience, qualifications, etc. 6. She received a letter telling her that she had got the job. 7. There was also a formal document, telling her about working hours, holidays, salary, etc. She had to sign this.

Ben: 1. Ben applied for a job. He got a letter back saying that he hadn’t got the job. 2. After trying several times, he went to an office where they help people to find jobs. 3. They took all his details. Later they phoned him and offered him a job just for a few weeks. 4. After this job, he got another, but it only involved working for part of the day. 5. Ben got to the age of 65, the age when employees stop working. 6. Now he gets money monthly during his old age from the government and from his employers” (McCarthy M., O’Dell F., English Vocabulary in Use, 2002, p.124).

Ex. 4. Hours of work: shift-work, be on flexi-time, to work nine-to-five.

Reasons for not working: go/be on strike, to get the sack/be fired/ dismissed/ laid off/made redundant, give up work, quit, be on/take maternity leave/sick leave, take early retirement.

Ex. 5. Read the text below. Does it ring true?

Occupation: Housewife.

Job description: You will be expected to ‘live in’ at the place where you work and provide cleaning, cooking, shopping, laundry, nursing, psychotherapy, teaching, entertainment and secretarial services for the others living there.

Hours: You will be on call 24 hours a day, 365 days a year, but your ‘regular work’ will take between 50 and 100 hours per week, depending on the age, health and number of children or disabled people in the house, the standards of work demanded by the employer and the size and condition of the house.

Payment: The employer provides an allowance called ‘housekeeping money’ and the State provides ‘child benefit’. This money is for essential expenses such as cleaning utensils and food. There is no payment for your labour as a housewife.

Holidays: Your duties will be easier if the holiday is taken in a hotel, but you will often be expected simply to do your normal work in strange surroundings while the other members of the household enjoy their leisure.

Work Hazards: You will be one and a half times likely to die of cancer than women in paid employment. Insomnia, dizziness, headaches, nightmares and anxiety (‘housewife syndrome’) are much more common among housewives than among women in paid employment.

Job Security: Your job will be continuously and increasingly threatened by divorce. Two out of three marriages today are expected to end in divorce. One

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year after divorce, the housewife’s standard of living drops by 73%, while that of her ex-employer rises by 42 %.

Fringe Benefits: Your board and lodging will usually be provided, but you will normally be expected to share a bedroom (and bed) with your employer. [9]

Ex. 6. Explain some idioms.

a)Ironfist Ivan is all washed up. I don’t think he will fight again.

b)It’s Denise’s fault if she is having problems at work. She’s made her bed. Now she’ll have to lie on it.

c)I managed to iron out my problems with Mary last night.

d)I don’t think it’s a good idea for you and Dave to wash your dirty linen in

public.

e)Julia didn’t feel like going to Sally’s party so she cooked up some excuse.

f)I need to polish up my French before we go to Paris.

g)The company has dusted off that development plan I drew up three years ago.

SPEAKING TOPICS

1.My Likes and Dislikes

2.Choosing a Career

3.Language Jobs (5 jobs: job description, personality)

4.Looking for a Job

MODULE II ILLNESSES Notes on Written Speech

Patterns of written prose. When writing you may choose to describe the facts or events, to tell a story about them, to argue about them or to explain them according to your understanding. These verbs correspond to four basic forms of treating a topic: description, narration, argumentation, and exposition (explanation).

Paragraph is a single sentence or a group of related sentences expressing and developing a basic idea, or a particular phase of thought. The paragraph is a practical device in writing. Its purpose is to indicate the beginnings and endings of a thought unit. The beginning of a paragraph is indicated by beginning a line a little in from the margin.

Description is a paragraph with a detailed description of a place, object, a person or emotions. It usually contains a lot of attributes and static verbs.

Narration is a paragraph telling a story. It is dynamic and relates an enumeration of events. The verbs of actions are used in various tenses.

Argumentation is a type of paragraph where the author tries to convince the reader of his point of view. He puts forward arguments in favour of his position.

Exposition is a type of paragraph in which the speaker uses explanations for his point of view.

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