Supplementary material for the second - year students. Учебное пособие

Health: illness and disease

Note: For these illnesses, you can either buy something from the chemist, or go to the doctor, who may give you a prescription (= a piece of paper with an order for some medicine) that you get from the chemist.

B Common injuries

An injury is damage to a part of your body, usually caused by an accident in the home, on the roads, or during a game, e.g. of football.

21

C Aches and pains

I've got a cold, a cough, a sore throat, a temperature, a headache; flu, chest pains, earache, a pain in my side, a rash on my chest, spots, a bruise on my leg, a black eye, a lump on my arm, indigestion, diarrhoea, painful joints, blisters, sunburn.

I’ve got a pain in my …

I feel sick, dizzy, breathless, shivery, faint, hot and cold, weak, particularly bad at night.

I am depressed, constipated, tired all the time.

I've lost my appetite, voice; I can't sleep, my nose itches. My leg (head, stomach, tooth, ear, back) hurts/aches.

Nouns: We only use ache with the following: I've got toothache, a stomachache, backache, earache and a headache. For other parts of the body we use pain, e.g. I woke up in the night with a terrible pain in my chest.

Verbs: You can use ache for some things, e.g. my back aches; but hurt is more common to describe real pain, and it can be used with or without a direct object, e.g.

She hurt/injured her foot when she jumped off the bus and fell over. She hurt herself when she jumped off the bus and fell over. I hit my leg against the table and it really hurts/gives me a terrible pain.

Adjectives: The only common adjective is painful/ painless. I had an injection yesterday and it was very painful. E.g. Did it hurt when you had your filling? (when the dentist fills a hole/cavity in the tooth) - No, it was painless.

D Serious illnesses

Doctors believe smoking is the major cause of lung cancer. He had a heart attack and died almost immediately. Hepatitis is a liver disease. Asthma (chest illness causing breathing problems)

Note: Illness and disease are often used in the same way, but disease is used for a serious condition caused by an infection e.g. a liver disease. Illness is a more general word.

22

E Wounds and injuries

Wound (n, v) and injury are both used to describe damage to the body, but a wound is generally caused by a weapon (e.g. gun or knife) and it is usually intentional. E.g. He shot the man in the chest. (a bullet wound in the chest from a gun). He stabbed the boy in the back. (a knife wound in the back). He got into a fight and got beaten up. He had a black eye and two broken ribs.

F Hospital treatment

Look carefully at the key words in these texts.

John fell off a chair, hit his head on the floor, and knocked himself unconscious. His wife called an ambulance but John was still unconscious when it arrived. He was rushed to hospital (= taken very quickly) where they kept him for two days for blood tests.

I jumped for the ball and collided with another player (= we ran into/hit each other). We both had cuts on our head, but I had to go to hospital for eight stitches.

What do doctors do?

They take your temperature, listen to your chest, look in your ears, examine you, take your blood pressure, ask you some questions and weigh and measure you before sending you to the hospital for further tests.

What's the diagnosis?

You've got flu, chickenpox, mumps, pneumonia, rheumatism, an ulcer, a virus, sore lips, sunburn, rash, a stye, indigestion, insomnia, an upset stomach, dandruff, something that's going round.

You've broken your wrist and sprained / dislocated your ankle. You're pregnant / a hypochondriac.

He died of lung cancer / a heart attack / a brain haemorrhage / AIDS.

What does the doctor prescribe?

a)Take one three times a day after meals.

b)Take a teaspoonful last thing at night.

c)Rub a little on before going to bed each night.

d)We'll get the nurse to put a bandage on.

e)You'll need to have some injections before you go.

f)I'll ask the surgeon when he can fit you in for an operation.

g)You'll have to have your leg put in plaster.

h)I think you should have total bed rest for a week.

To swallow pills, to take tablets, to apply ointment, to rub in cream, to put on lotion, to use gargle/mixture.

To soothe sore lips, to relieve a headache, to clear up a rash/cough/dandruff.

What might the doctor ask you?

23

Do you have health insurance? Have you ever had any operations? Are you taking any medication? Are you allergic to anything?

Look at the pictures and write the story.

Ex. 1. Write down the main symptom or symptoms for these conditions. a cold, hay fever, a hangover, diarrhoea, asthma.

Ex. 2. Match the diseases with their symptoms.

1 flu swollen glands in front of ear, earache or pain on eating

burning pain in abdomen, pain or nausea after eating

rash starting on body, slightly raised temperature

dry cough, high fever, chest pain, rapid breathing

headache, aching muscles, fever, cough, sneezing swollen, painful joints, stiffness, limited movement

Ex. 3. Fill the gaps with suitable words.

1. I hit my hand on the desk and it really … 2. They say she died at a heart …3. She had some apples that weren't ready to eat and now she's got …4. I've got this terrible …in my neck from sleeping in the wrong position. 5. He died of … even though he never smoked a cigarette in his life. 6. I went to the doctor, and she gave me a …and some tablets. 7. Pollution makes her ... worse and it's difficult for her to breathe. 8. There are different forms of hepatitis; one is a more serious … than the other. 9. I hurt …when I roll off that chair. 10. My back … from sitting at that computer all day. 11. … bleeding quite a bit, so I had to put a plaster on it before I could finish. - How did you do it, anyway? - Oh, I was …12.

24

... the next day the eye was really swollen and he had bruises down both his arms. - My goodness. What did he tell his parents? - More or less the truth. He said … 13. ... tried to get up again but I couldn't move. It was incredibly painful, but fortunately there were a few pedestrians around to help me. - That's lucky. But what were you doing? - … 14. ... my face was cut and he had a terrible bruise on his head. - Sounds very unpleasant. How did it happen exactly? -…

Ex. 4. Have you had any of these illnesses recently? Have you had any aches and pains recently? Are there any other illnesses you have had or still have?

1 Have you ever broken your arm or leg?

2 Have you ever needed stitches?

3 Have you ever had concussion?

4 Have you ever been unconscious?

5 Have you ever had a blood test?

6 Have you ever been in an ambulance?

Ex. 5. Give verbs to nouns: cut, wound, injury, shot, blood, bandage, bruise, treatment.

Ex. 6. What does the doctor or nurse use the following things for?

Stethoscope, thermometer, scales, tape measure, scalpel.

Ex. 7. Which do you think the doctor said to each of the following patients?

Ex. 8. What medical problems might you have if...

1 you wear shoes that rub? 7 you eat food you're allergic to?

8 you run unusually fast for a bus?

9 you cat food that is bad?

10 a mosquito bites you?

11 you get wet on a cold day?

12 you think you're ill all the time?

leg

25

Ex. 10. Explain the words: an injection, a sick note, a blood test, an eye test, a prescription, a filling, an operation, electric shock therapy.

Who might administer them: a dentist, doctor, nurse, optician, psychiatrist, surgeon? Which of the people would you prefer to marry and why?

Ex. 11. Explain the difference:

I’ve been sick/ill. I’ve hurt/injured my hand. Six people were wounded/ injured. My hand is itching/ hurting.

Ex. 12. Complete the sentences with the words from ex.11.

1. If you eat all that chocolate, you’ll make yourself…2. –Stop scratching your mosquito bites. – I can’t help it, they are really…3. He was…on the first day of the battle and this, ironically, saved him from certain death. 4. She has been …for four weeks and the doctors still can’t tell what’s the matter with her. 5. My leg is…so much that I can’t put my weight on it.

Ex. 13. Translate into English.

1. Я простыл, у меня болит горло и я кашляю. 2. Очевидно у него грипп. У него болят все мышцы. 3. У него расстройство желудка, он все время бегает

втуалет. 4. Меня тошнит. Я думаю, я отравился. 5. Он был уверен, что после этой водки не будет похмелья. 6. Мэри и Пит плохо себя чувствуют с похмелья. 7. Остаточные явления после большого количества выпитого – тошнота и головная боль. 8. Фармацевт с трудом прочитал название лекарства в рецепте. 9. Врач выписал ему рецепт с лекарством от болей в спине. 10. Когда он упал с велосипеда, он сильно разбил колено. Его отвели

вбольницу, и медсестра забинтовала рану. 11. когда она бегала трусцой, она подвернула лодыжку и не могла наступить на эту ногу. 12. Он упал и сильно ударился головой. Все думали, что у него сотрясение мозга. 13. Его сестра находилась в больнице с сотрясением мозга. Ее тошнило, и у нее были провалы в памяти. 14. он ударился ногой о стол, и теперь у него огромный синяк на бедре. 15. Ему больно дотрагиваться до синяка на руке. Это место опухло. 16. У него аллергия на некоторые фрукты. Когда он съедает

26

апельсин, его тело покрывается сыпью и начинает зудеть. Врач прописал ему мазь, которая помогает избавиться от сыпи. 17. Эти туфли ей малы. Они натерли ей ноги, и теперь у нее волдыри. Они кровоточат, и она заклеила их пластырем. 18. Она слишком долго загорала и заработала солнечный ожог. До ее плеч невозможно было дотронуться. Она прикладывала лед и мазала крем от ожога, но ничего не облегчало боль. 19. Он долго бежал, и вскоре у него в боку начало колоть. У него потемнело в глазах, и он почувствовал головокружение. Он чуть не потерял сознание. 20. Мне не нравятся прыщи на лице, но я никогда не выдавливаю их. Я использую специальный лосьон, чтобы избавиться от них. 21. Он страдает астмой. Когда у него приступ, он не может дышать. 22. у него была высокая температура. Его бросало то в холод, то в жар. Врач осмотрел его, смерил температуру и сказал, что у него грипп. 23. Он не мог заснуть от болей в спине. Болеутоляющие не помогали, хотя он принял три таблетки. 24. Нога сильно болела. Он не мог наступать на нее. Ему пришлось взять неделю отпуска. Затем он принес больничный лист. 25. Медсестра успокоила ребенка, сказав, что этот укол безболезненный. 26. Тебе было больно, когда ставили пломбу? 27. С ним случился второй сердечный приступ после того, когда он выступил на собрании. Он побледнел, начал задыхаться. 28. Он постоянно жаловался на боли в груди. Когда у него взяли анализ крови и сделали рентген грудной клетки, выяснилось, что у него проблемы с легкими. 29. Эта шампунь помогает от перхоти. Используй его через день. 30. Они играли в футбол. Он столкнулся с другим игроком и потерял сознание от удара. 31. Врач прописал полоскание от ангины. 32. Мы вас запишем на операцию на следующей неделе. 33. Они попали в аварию. Он сильно ударился о лобовое стекло и умер от кровоизлияния в мозг. 34. Он поломал руку, ему наложили гипс, и две недели он ходил с перевязью. 35. Эта микстура смягчит ваш кашель.

Part 2 HEALTH AND ILLNESSES

“I. Study the ‘case history’ below. Then write ten headlines for the President’s ten-day illness, from President taken ill to The nation holds its breath.

‘You are in perfect health…as fit as a fiddle…there’s nothing wrong with you.’ ‘I feel a bit off-colour …rather under the weather…I do feel funny…I really don’t feel well…I think I’m sickening for something…I feel feverish…like death warmed up.’

He’s been taken ill…he’s in a coma…fighting for his life…still critically ill…in a very critical condition…no change…still seriously ill…still hasn’t regained consciousness…is responding to treatment…off danger list…showing signs of coming around…making progress…his condition is satisfactory…he’s come out

27

of the coma…he’s as well as can be expected…comfortable…no change…he’s turned the corner…he’s on the mend.’

‘We all wish you a speedy recovery…get well soon…we’re glad you’re over it.’ ‘The worst is over…he’s almost completely recovered…he’s practically cured…he’s convalescing…coming along nicely…he’ll be on his feet again soon…he’ll be out and about again in a few days.’

‘He’s had a relapse…he’s no better…he’s getting worse…his condition is deteriorating…he’s getting weaker…he’s slipping away…fading fast…his life is hanging by a thread…it’s just a matter of time…he could go at any second!’ ‘He’s made a miraculous recovery…he’s as good as new…as right as rain…he’ll live till he’s hundred.’” (Vince M., Intermediate Language Practice, 2010, p.50).

II. Study the idioms, translate into Russian Examination Fever

“For most of the year, most of us had been allergic to work; apparently there had been a history of such allergies in the school.

Throughout the spring there had been quite a few cases of ‘Exams are stupid’, which proved highly contagious among friends.

Then in late May, one or two of us suffered a mild attack of ‘Gosh, is it really next month?’ and we seemed to give that to the others rather rapidly. You could tell how it was spreading from improved attendance at lessons.

An even more serious outbreak was that of a very infectious ‘I don’t know a thing’ two weeks before. At about the same time everyone seemed to catch ‘You’re no good!’ from the teachers. Then there was a bout of ‘I don’t really care’ followed by a few chronic cases of ‘My parents will kill me’. This again proved very catching; half the class was down with it in the week leading up to the exam itself, and it had reached epidemic proportions by the Friday before.

By this time, those who had been suffering from ‘It’ll be easy for me’ had made a total recovery.

That Friday there was a ‘What if I’m suffering from amnesia?’ scare, and this had developed by Monday into a touch of ‘I can’t even remember my own name’. There were also, of course, the normal isolated cases of ‘My pen doesn’t work’ and several pupils had a sudden fit of ‘Where’s the toilet?’

Afterwards there were a couple of complaints of ‘I know I’ve failed’, but generally the worst seemed to be over. Such diseases are rarely terminal. And after all, we had a convalescence and recuperation period of six and a half weeks to follow” (Vince M., Intermediate Language Practice, 2010, p.70).

III. Match the questions with the response. Write out words for symptoms, remedies and diagnosis

28