Soccer. Футбол. Учебное пособие по английскому языку для студентов вузов физической культуры, обучающихся по направлению подготовки бакалавров «Физиче
.pdf2.Choose the right sentence.
Tsu Cliu is a Chinese handball.
King Edward II was fond of playing football. Episkyros was played by two teams.
Foolball game was unknown in England in the I2th century.
3.Complete the sentence according to the text.
King Edward II banned (stopped) the game in 1314 because of
–a great noise in the city.
–bad weather.
–his illness.
–its unpopularity.
4. Find the wrong answer to the question.
Why did football games become very dangerous by the 16th century? Too many people took part in playing football.
The game was played without rules.
People played football from midday until sunset. Villagers were fond of playing football.
5. Answer the question.
Who won the fi rst World Cup match?
English sailors took part in the fi rst World Cup match and won. The fi rst World Cup match was won by China.
British team won the fi rst World Cup match,
The winner of the fi rst World Cup match was Uruguay.
6. What word is different?
1)game
2)play
3)match
4)competition
Упражнение 55. Переведите с русского на английский язык:
ФАКТЫ ИЗ ИСТОРИИ ФУТБОЛА
Первые официальные правила футбола были приняты 8 декабря 1863 года в Англии. От этой даты берёт начало история футбола в мире.
По правилам 1863 года вратари не имели никаких привилегий: им, как и другим игрокам, запрещалось играть руками. Только в 1871 году им разрешили это, да и то только в пределах вратарской площадки. В 1902 году вратарям позволили играть руками уже в пределах штрафной площади.
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Одиннадцатиметровый штрафной удар за грубую игру или игру рукой, умышленно совершённую игроком защищающейся команды в пределах её штрафной площади, был введён в 1891 году ирландским экспертом по правилам футбола Джоном Пенальти. Отсюда и название этого удара.
До середины 1960-х годов замены в футболе были запрещены, и если вратаря травмировали, его место занимал полевой игрок.
В 1872 году Английской футбольной ассоциацией было достигнуто соглашение, что мяч для игры в футбол «должен быть сферическим с окружностью 27 – 28 дюймов» (68,6 – 71,1 см). Этот стандарт не менялся на протяжении ста с лишним лет и остаётся в сегодняшних правилах ФИФА.
До 1875 года роль перекладины на футбольных воротах играла обыкновенная верёвка, натянутая на вертикальные шесты.
Впервые бутсы с шипами появились в Англии в конце XIX столетия. Раньше шипы изготавливались в основном из кожи или резины, в настоящее время – из алюминия или пластмассы.
ЧЕМПИОНАТ МИРА.
Чемпиона́т ми́ра по футбо́лу, часто также называемый Ку́бок ми́ра ФИФА́, Ку́бок ми́ра по футбо́лу, Чемпиона́т ми́ра ФИФА, мундиа́ль (от исп. Copa Mundial de Fútbol) – главное международное соревнование по футболу. Чемпионат мира проводится управляющим органом мирового футбола – ФИФА, и участвовать в нём могут мужские национальные сборные стран-членов ФИФА всех континентов.
Финальные турниры чемпионатов мира проводятся раз в 4 года, как и Олимпийские игры, однако, если учесть региональные отборочные турниры, каждый чемпионат мира продолжается 2–3 года. В отборочных соревнованиях чемпионата мира 2010 года участвовали 204 команды.
Финальная часть чемпионата мира по футболу, которые проводятся с 1930 года (с перерывом в 1942 и 1946 годах из-за Второй мировой войны), имеет колоссальную зрительскую аудиторию и привлекает большой интерес во всём мире. Например, финал чемпионата 2006 года посмотрело 715.1 миллиона зрителей, что стало девятой телетрансляцией по количеству просмотров.
Последний чемпионат мира по футболу прошёл с 12 июня по 13 июля 2014 года в Бразилии. Действующий чемпион мира – национальная сборная Германии. Следующий Чемпионат 2018 года пройдёт в России.
ФУТБОЛ НА ОЛИМПИЙСКИХ ИГРАХ.
ФутболкаквидспортавпервыепоявилсяналетнихОлимпийскихиграх1900 в Париже. Три клуба из Франции, Бельгии и Великобритании провели две игры. Соревнования по футболу на летних Олимпийских играх впервые появились на летних Олимпийских играх 1900 в Париже и включались в программу каждых последующих Игр, кроме летних Олимпийских игр 1932 в Лос-Анджелесе.
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С летних Олимпийских игр 1960 был изменён формат соревнований и ограничено число участников. С того момента 16 команд были разделены на четыре группы по четыре сборные и проводили внутри своих групп по матчу друг с другом. Лучшие страны из своих групп выходили в плей-офф.
Первоначально соревнования были мужскими, отдельный женский турнир стал проводиться с летних Олимпийских игр 1996 в Атланте.
Упражнение 56. Выполните двусторонний перевод устно:
Football
Football has been called the most popular game in the world, and it certainly has a great many fans in Britain. It is the game that is played nearly in all countries. A team is composed of 11 players: a goalkeeper, backs, half-backs and forwards. The captain of the team is usually the oldest or the best player.
The football pitch should be between 100 and 130 metres long and between 50 and 100 metres wide. It is divided into two halves by the halfway line.
In the middle of the fi eld there is a centre circle and there is a goal at each end. In front of each goal is the goal area and the penalty area. There is a penalty spot inside the penalty area and a penalty arc outside it. A game of football usually lasts for one and a half hours. At half-time, the teams change ends. The aim of each team is to score as many goals as possible.
The fi nal of the football competition in Britain takes place every May
at the famous Wembley stadium in London. Some of the best known clubs in England are Manchester United, Liverpool and the Arsenal. In Scotland either Rangers, Celtic or Aberdeen usually win the cup or the championship.
Футбол
Футбол называют самой популярной игрой в мире, и он, безусловно, имеет очень много поклонников в Великобритании. Это игра, в которую играют почти во всех странах. Команда состоит из 11 игроков: вратарь, защитники, полузащитники и нападающие. Капитаном команды, как правило, является самый старший или самый лучший игрок. Футбольное поле должно быть от 100 до 130 метров в длину и от 50 до 100 метров в ширину. Оно делится на две половины по средней линии. В середине поля есть центральный круг и есть ворота на каждой стороне. Перед каждыми воротами находится штрафная площадка. В штрафной площади есть “точка” пенальти и дуга за ее пределами. Игра в футбол обычно длится полтора часа. В перерыве команды меняются сторонами площадки. Целью каждой команды является забить как можно больше голов.
Финал чемпионата по футболу в Англии проходит ежегодно в мае на знаменитом стадионе “Уэмбли” в Лондоне. Некоторые из наиболее известных клубов в Англии: “Манчестер Юнайтед”, “Ливерпуль” и “Арсенал”. В Шотландии Рейнджерс, либо Сельтик или Абердин обычно выигрывают кубок.
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Упражнение 57. Впишите названия частей поля, используя текст “Football Pitch”:
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FOOTBALL PITCH
Football, Association, is an 11-aside ball-and-goal game played at first-class level throughout the world. Soccer, as it is often called, is played with a spherical, usually leather-covered, ball with a circumference of not more than 28 in. (0-71 m.) and not less than 27 in. (0-69 m.), weighing, at the start of a game, not more than 16 oz. nor less than 14 oz. (453-396 g.) on a pitch not more than 130 yds. by 100 yds. (120 x 90 m.) and not less2 than 100 yds. by 50 yds. (90 x 45 m.). The pitch must be rectangular in shape so that the length must in all cases exceed the breadth.
The positions of the players became generally established in the early years of this century, and are still accepted in most of Britain, as: goalkeeper, right back, left back, right half-back, centre half-back, left half-back, outside right, inside right, centre forward, inside left, outside left. In recent years most countries in practice
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and many in name have accepted that the former centre half-back has now become a centre back; and the development towards a more fluid form of play has led to a less rigid positioning. Nevertheless, most of the names of the positions continue to exist though less defi nitively than formerly.
The fundamental object of the game is for one set of players to force the ball into the goal (a pair of upright posts across which is mounted the crossbar) defended by their opponents. The object of the game is not defi ned in the laws as authorized by the International Football Association Board but, for all matches played with the approval of national Associations or their affi liated local Associations, the size of pitches, the size, weight, and material of the ball, width between goal posts and height of the crossbar from the ground, and duration of the periods of play are all regulated. However, providing the principles of the laws affecting those matters are maintained, they may be modifi ed in their application to players of school age. The maximum number of players is now defi ned by Law III, which states: ‘Amatch shall be played between two teams, each consisting of not more than 11 players, one of whom shall be the goalkeeper.’The International Board leave the minimum number of players in a team to the discretion of national Associations but recommend that: ‘A match should not be considered valid if there are fewer than seven , players in either of the teams.’
At the beginning of a match, the choice of ends or the opportunity to kick-off is decided by the toss of a coin, with the team winning the toss having the option of choosing which end of the pitch they wish to defend or to-kick-off The referee gives the signal for the team to start when he is satisfi ed that every player is in his own half of the fi eld and every player of the team opposing that of the player kicking-off is not less than 10 yds. (9 15 m.) away from the kicker. Play begins when the ball has travelled the distance of its own circumference and it must not be played for a second time by the player kicking-off until it has been touched or played by another player.
Упражнение 58. Прочитайте и устно переведите текст. Найдите информацию о тренировке и соревнованиях; о видах трав; о разминке; об отдыхе; о питании:
About Soccer
Soccer is the World Game, and is the one and only Football in many parts of the world. It is played in all corners of the world and its popularity is shown by the big stage of The World Cup held every four years. It is played with a round ball (traditionally with black and white checks), which is only kicked by the feet. This excludes the goal keeper, who can use hands only in the goal area. A goal is scored when an attacking player kicks the ball into the opposition net. Games are usually low scoring. There are 11 players on the fi eld, with some substitutions coming late in the game. If a player is substituted off they can not come back onto the field. The
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game consists of 45 minute halves, with a half time break. Players are not allowed to come off the ground during playing time.
Training and Competition
Training can be once a week to full time for professional players. Games are played once a week, for a regular season competition. Tournaments, like the World Cup, will cover several weeks, with teams playing more regularly at the start, and progressing further if they win games. Recovery time of 4–7 days is allowed between games.
The game involves long bouts of running with short bursts of high intensity sprints. Energy expenditure can be very high, with the inners and forwards covering slightly more ground than defenders. The goalie does minimal running during a game, and needs to move sharply to save the ball from entering the goals. However, energy expenditure for all players can be high due to training loads.
Common Nutrition Issues
The game requires a combination of speed, agility along with strength. High carbohydrate levels are required for the high aerobic workload of training and competition. Low body fat levels are an advantage to assist with speed and agility. Hydration is also a concern for players given the game format doesn’t allow for regular player changes, or on fi eld drinks.
Body fat levels
For good speed and agility it is wise to keep body fat levels under control. Measuring skinfold levels regularly will allow monitoring of body fat levels. Body fat levels are of particular concern if players have an off-season, when there is greater chance for energy imbalance. During this time, players need to aim for decreased energy intake to match the lack of training.
The training diet
Soccer is predominantly an aerobic activity, requiring some strength and power. Energy requirements will vary between players depending on their position on the fi eld and the phase of the season. The training diet for a player should be high in nutritious carbohydrate foods, moderate in protein foods and low in fats.
The most important aspect is to meet carbohydrate requirements. A higher training load along with games will increase the carbohydrate requirements of players. This will range from 5-8 grams of carbohydrate per kilogram body mass. Regular consumption of carbohydrate foods at all meals will allow refueling of muscle glycogen stores. The most important times are after training and games which helps with recovery from each session. One game of Soccer will go close to fully depleting an athlete’s glycogen stores, if a whole game is played. If an athlete starts with a full supply they will minimise fatigue towards the end of a
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90 minute game, but if the daily diet provides inadequate amounts there may be difficulty in performing optimally. Be sure to regularly include in the diet good carbohydrate sources such as bread and cereals, rice, pasta, fruit and flavored low fat dairy products.
Hydration
Fluid intake is a critical aspect of Soccer. Given the lack of substitutions allowed during the game, and the fact that players are not given drinks on the field, there is a high risk of dehydration over the course of a game. Soccer is often played over the winter months, when sweat losses are lower than the warmer months, however this is also a time when consumption may be low due to reduced thirst. Pre-hydration is crucial to ensure players are over hydrated before they start matches so there is less emphasis needed on fl uid consumption during a game. Half time should be a strategic time to maximise fl uid intake. Sports drinks will be valuable, providing both fl uid and carbohydrate, especially for players involved in more of the game such as the midfi elders. Drink bottles, if possible could be left on the side of the fi eld, or behind the goals to sneak a drink during breaks in play, especially on hot days.
Match Preparation & Recovery
Preparationforandrecoveryfromgamesisimportanttogetthebestperformance every week. Team travel will also add an element of challenge to recovery and preparation.
Consuming a high carbohydrate, low-fat meal 3-4 hours prior to a match plus drinking small amounts continuously will keep you fueled and hydrated. Small carbohydrate snacks can also be eaten 1-2 hours before a game to top up fuel stores. Liquid carbohydrate options can be consumed during the match to keep energy levels, blood sugar levels and fl uid levels up. Ideas for snacks before the match include fruit – fresh or dried, cereal bars, crackers, yogurt and jelly sweets. Fluids suitable to consume during the match include water, sports drinks, and cordials.
Recovery from a match involves replacing lost fl uids and electrolytes, refueling depleted carbohydrate stores and repairing muscle damage. Liquid options are best immediately after training and matches to replace fl uid and nutrients, followed by a more nutritious and fi lling meal option later that includes carbohydrate, protein and other nutrients. Suitable recovery foods for immediate consumption include yogurt, fruit, fl avored milk, cereal bars, sandwiches, plus some fluids.
Упражнение 59. Напишите аннотацию к тексту, используя следующие речевые образцы:
The title of the article is...
The subject of the article is...
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The purpose of the article is to show...
The main idea of the article ...
The contents of the article is...
The author says that…
The author analyses/ explains/ characterizes/ describes…
Some parts of the article deal with …
The author gives interesting facts/ fi gures concerning…
The author points out....../It is shown that...
In conclusion the author says …/The author concludes that...
To my mind …/ As far as I know.../ As a matter of fact…
I found the article to be very educative/ interesting/ useful…
Упражнение 60. Прочитайте текст и переведите.
Guus Hiddink was born 8 November 1946. He is a Dutch football manager and former player.
He is the head coach of the Dutch national team, since 1 August 2014, where he replaced Louis van Gaal and to be succeeded by Danny Blind after UEFA Euro 2016. He is considered to be one of the most experienced and prominent managers of his generation and was the best-paid coach in international football in 2009.
His achievements include winning the European treble (Eredivisie, Dutch Cup and European Cup) with PSV Eindhoven; taking both the Netherlands and South Korea to a historic fourth place fi nish in the 1998 FIFA World Cup and 2002 FIFA World Cup respectively; leading Australia to their best ever fi nish at a World Cup at the 2006 FIFA World Cup; leading Russia to the semi-fi nals of Euro 2008, Russia’s best performance since the breakup of the Soviet Union; and leading Chelsea to an FA Cup win against Everton in 2009.
Hiddink has also previously managed Fenerbahçe, Valencia and Real Madrid.
Career in Russia
On 10 April 2006 Hiddink announced on Dutch television that he would take over as manager of Russia. He signed a 2-year contract in April 2006 worth €2 million a year. His duties for Russia started after managing Australia during the 2006 World Cup.
Russia’s Euro qualifi cation hopes came into question after a 2–1 loss to Israel. After a win against Andorra, and England losing out to Croatia on the last match day, Russia and Hiddink secured qualifi cation for Euro 2008, where they managed to reach the semi-fi nals, with victories against the Dutch national team in the quarter finals, and defending champions Greece in the group stage. In March 2008 Hiddink had already chosen to exercise the two-year extension with Russia, keeping him in
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the National Team’s head coaching role until 2010. In November 2009 Russia was defeated by Slovenia in a 2010 World Cup Qualifying Play Off, casting doubt on future ambitions. On 13 February 2010, it was confi rmed that Hiddink would leave the position when his contract expired on 30 June.
Some interesting facts
Гус Хиддинк, кроме родного нидерландского, свободно владеет английским, немецким, французским и испанским, чуть хуже изъясняется по-италь- янски и по-португальски, обладает базовыми познаниями в корейском и японском языках и знает немного русский
После выхода Южной Кореи в полуфинал чемпионата мира по футболу 2002 года Хиддинк стал первым обладателем звания Почётного гражданина Кореи, получил в подарок виллу на острове Чеджудо, получил право бесплатного проезда на такси во всех городах Кореи, может бесплатно летать самолётами двух крупнейших корейских авиакомпаний («Korean Air» и «Asiana Airlines»).
Стадион в городе Кванджу, на котором прошло несколько матчей чемпионата мира по футболу 2002, был переименован в честь Гуса Хиддинка.
В Крыму местными жителями был установлен памятник Гусу Хиддинку за то, что он привёл сборную России к медалям чемпионата Европы.
Individual
AFC Coach of the Year (1): 2002
World Soccer World Manager of the Year (1): 2002
Dutch Sports Coach of the Year (all sports) (2): 2002, 2005 Rinus Michels Award (2): 2005, 2006
Coach of the Year in Russia (1): 2008
In 2005 Hiddink received an honorary doctorate by the University of Seoul The De Graafschap mascot is named Guus in honor of Hiddink who was
previously associated with the team as a player and as a manager.
The Gwangju World Cup Stadium was renamed the Guus Hiddink Stadium in honor of Hiddink’s performance at the 2002 FIFA World Cup.
Hiddink was named an honorary citizen of Seoul after reaching the 2002 FIFA World Cup semi-finals.
Hiddink was named an honorary citizen of Eindhoven after winning his sixth Eredivisie title with PSV in 2006.
Hiddink was put on a stamp by Australia Post following the 2006 FIFA World Cup.
Hiddink was given a lifetime achievement award by the Royal Dutch Football Association in 2007. It was only the third such award ever given following those received by Rinus Michels and Johan Cruijff.
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Упражнение 61. Напишите эссе (сочинение небольшого объёма) по теме: “Великие тренеры. Удача или каждодневный труд” используя примерную структуру эссе и фразы:
1.В первом абзаце (введении) необходимо сообщить читателю тему Вашего эссе, перефразировав ее, используя синонимы ключевых слов (показывая, что вы её осмыслили).
It is generally agreed today that… – Сегодня общепризнано, что ...
2.В втором и третьем абзаце требуется рассмотреть аргументы “за” и “против”
To begin with, … . Начнем с того, что ...
The fi rst thing that needs to be said is …- Первое, что нужно сказать, это то, что ... .
(Прежде всего, следует сказать, что … .) The second reason for ... . Вторая причина ... .
It is a well-known fact that ... . Хорошо известно, что ...
What is more, … . Более того, ... .
Doubtless, ... . Несомненно, ... .
The other side of the coin is, however, that ... . Однако, с другой стороны, ... .
3. В четвертом абзаце (заключении) эссе сделайте обобщающий вывод. To draw the conclusion, one can say that … . Подводя итог, можно ска-
зать, что ... .
Упражнение 62. Вычеркните лишнее слово в строчке:
Goalkeeper, forward, driver, defender, referee
Shorts, hat, t-shirt, boots
Flag, manager, fi eld, gollie,
Referee, coach, player, doctor, hospital
UEFA, FIFA, RFU, USA
Knee, hand, leg, back, foot
Football, basketball, hockey, volleyball, tennis
Stadium, pitch, ski-jump, tribune
Goal, pass, dribbling, penalty, race, hit
Fans, scarf, t-shirts, whistle, wardrobe
Упражнение 63. Прочитайте в быстром темпе.
Funny Football Limerick
There was a young player from Tottenham,
His manners he’d gone and forgotten ‘em.
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