Radiotechnical Communication Components. Радиотехнические средства связи. Учебное пособие

Министерство науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации НОВОСИБИРСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ

С. В. НИКРОШКИНА

RADIOTECHNICAL

COMMUNICATION

COMPONENTS

РАДИОТЕХНИЧЕСКИЕ СРЕДСТВА СВЯЗИ

Утверждено Редакционно-издательским советом университета

в качестве учебного пособия

НОВОСИБИРСК

2022

Reading

1. Read the text

The History of Radio

Without understanding the inquiries of pure science, we cannot follow the story of radio. It begins perhaps with Joseph Henry, an American physicist, who discovered in 1842 that electrical discharges were oscillating. A gigantic step forward was taken by James Maxwell, a Scottish physicist and one of the great mathematical genii of the 19-th century. By purely mathematical reasoning, Maxwell showed that all electrical and magnetic phenomena could be reduced to stresses and motions in a medium, which he called the ether. Today we know that this "electrical medium" does not exist in reality. Yet the concept of an ether helped greatly, and allowed Maxwell to put forward his theory that the velocity of electric waves in air should be equal to that of the velocity of light waves, both being the same kind of waves, merely differing in wave length.

In 1878, David Hughes; an American physicist, made another important discovery in the pre-history of radio and its essential components. He found that a loose contact in a circuit containing a battery and telephone receiver (invented by Bell in 1876) would give rise to sounds in the receiver which corresponded to those that had impinged upon the diaphragm of the mouthpiece.

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In 1883, George Fitzgerald, an Irish physicist, suggested a method by which electromagnetic waves might be produced by the discharge of a condenser. Next we must turn to Heinrich Hertz, the famous German physicist, who was the first to create, detect and measure electromagnetic waves, and thereby experimentally confirmed Maxwell's theory of "ether" waves. In his experiments he showed that these waves were capable of reflection, refraction, polarization, diffraction and interference.

A.S. Popov (1859-1906) was in 1895 a lecturer in physics. He set up a receiver in 1895, and read a paper about it at the Meeting of the Russian Physics-Chemical Society on April 25 (May 7, New Style) 1895. He demonstrated the world's first radio receiver, which he called "an apparatus for the detection and registration of electric oscillations". By means of this equipment, Popov could register electrical disturbances, including atmospheric ones. In March 1896 he gave a further demonstration before the same society. At that meeting the words "Heinrich Hertz" were transmitted by wireless telegraphy in Morse code and similarly received before a distinguished scientific audience, Popov has become the inventor of the radio, May,7 being celebrated each year as "Radio Day".

Marconi invented a system of highly successful wireless telegraphy, and inspired and supervised its application. Such is the story of the many inventors of wireless telegraphy, working with each other's equipment, adding new ideas and new improvements to them. It was a patient, persistent inquiry into natural laws and it was animated by the love of knowledge.

During the first years of its development, radio communication was called "wireless telegraphy and telephone". This name was too long for convenience and was later changed to "radio" which comes from the wellknown Latin word "radius" — a straight line drawn from the centre of a circle to a point on its circumference. Wireless transmission was named radio transmission, or simply "radio".

The term "radio" now means the radiation of waves by transmitting stations, their propagation through space, and reception by receiving stations. The radio technique has become closely associated with many other branches of science and engineering and it is now difficult to limit the word "radio" to any simple definition.

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Developing academic vocabulary After-reading tasks

2. Make the glossary and translate the words into Russian

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3. Translate the sentences with the words from the glossary

1.Television is an increasingly important means of communication.

2.The radiation leak has had a disastrous effect on the environment.

3.We have developed a new technique for detecting errors in the manufacturing process.

4.You can see the individual colors by looking through a diffraction grating.

5.Technology has moved so fast, the old regulatory apparatus can’t be made to apply to the Internet.

6.Residents have been evacuated from nearly a 2-mile radius around the

plant.

7.He has four theories to explain organizational change and develop-

ment.

8.This approach makes the learning of mathematics fun and meaningful, and helps students develop positive attitudes about math.

9.Interference between two waves happens when they have the same frequency and produce a force that is either stronger or weaker than one wave alone.

10.Gravity is a natural phenomenon.

11.Polarization of light occurs when light is scattered and oriented in a certain direction.

12.A magnetic field will rotate the plane of polarization of polarized

light.

13.A diaphragm is any thin piece of material stretched across an opening.

14.We can only find the best solution by experiment.

15.Galaxies are gigantic collections of stars, gas and so-called dark

matter.

16.The whole car can be modeled on a computer before a single component is made.

17.It is sometimes easier to illustrate an abstract concept by analogy with something concrete.

18.The battery should prevent the computer system from going down in the event of a power outage.

19.Computers work out the stresses that such a craft will encounter in

flight.

20.Twenty-two years later, the reality looks totally different.

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1.H. Hertz was the first to create electromagnetic waves.

2.A.S. Popov could not register atmospheric disturbances.

3.A.S. Popov is the inventor of the radio.

4.The words "Heinrich Hertz" were transmitted by wireless telegraphy in Morse code.

6.Translate the text "The History of Radio" into Russian. Word building

7.Form nouns adding the suffixes -er, -or to the given verbs. Translate the nouns and verbs into Russian

Example:

to design – a designer (конструировать – конструктор) to detect – a detector (определять – детектор)

1.to build

2.to operate

3.to contain

4.to receive

5.to read

6.to produce

7.to transmit

8.to invent

9.to discover

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Grammar. The Passive Voice Revision.

8. Rewrite the following sentences in the Passive Voice

Example:

Scientists use crystals in electronic devices. Crystals are used by scientists in electronic devices.

1.The scientists developed several types of lasers.

2.They will inform you about the new discovery.

3.Solar batteries generate electricity.

4.The researcher carries out the experiments at high temperatures.

5.Radio employs electrical energy to transmit sounds, images and signals.

6.The lecturer spoke about the latest works in the sphere of radioelectronics.

7.He showed me the articles from the latest magazine.

8.Mendeleyev presented his table in 1869.

9.New data will support the results of our research.

10.These devices distribute the electric energy.

11.Heat converts ice into water.

12.A.S. Popov invented the first radio receiver.

13.The engineer will check the apparatus in the lab.

14.Their laboratory occupies a separate part of the building.

15.Radio devices perform various communication tasks.

16.We use such devices for amplification of radio signals.

Speaking

9.Find the information dealing with the discovery made by David Hughes. Retell this information to your partner.

10.Which paragraph contains the information directly connected with the invention of radio? Render this information.

11.Speak about Marconi's contribution to the development of

radio.

12.Explain the origin of the word "radio".

13.Retell the history of radio using the information from the text.

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