Innovation management. Учебное пособие

МИНИСТЕРСТВО НАУКИ И ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ

Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «ЮЖНЫЙ ФЕДЕРАЛЬНЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ» Инженерно-технологическая академия

Е. Л. МАКАРОВА

INNOVATION MANAGEMENT

Учебное пособие

Ростов-на-Дону – Таганрог Издательство Южного федерального университета

2018

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INTRODUCTION

This textbook covers theoretical knowledge and practical skills development in organization and management of innovative activity in modern organizations from technological, organizational, marketing, investment and socio-psychological positions.

The major objectives of this course are:

-to understand how development of economic and technological scenarios influence the innovation strategy of a company;

-to understand the importance of organizational innovation for establishment of an innovation-oriented company;

-to understand the shift from technological to marketing innovation;

-to analyze the multiple potential sources of innovation;

-to develop and manage innovative strategy for the company and how to innovate in different scenarios.

The material outlined in the textbook, as well as the proposed practical exercises, are aimed at deepening knowledge, expanding skills and competencies in innovation management, and can be used by master and bachelor students in management courses: “Innovation Management”, "Methodology of research in Management",

"Administrative Economics", etc., as well as students of other specialties within related disciplines.

The textbook includes 8 sections, each of which touches upon the most important aspects of innovation management:

Session 1. Basic concepts and definitions of innovation management. The emergence, establishment and the main features of innovation management. Innovation and social laws. Classification of innovations as management object, definition, importance, functions, classification of innovations; the life cycle of innovation. Triple-helix concept.

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Introduction

Session 2. Organizational structure of innovation management. Classification of innovative organizations. Research and development (R&D), classification, typology of research organizations; research areas of innovation management; small research business; risk (venture) business.

Session 3. Regulations of innovation activity. Regulatory considerations. State regulations of innovation activity. Determination of the content and direction of innovation policy; methods of implementation; choice of policies, strategic and operational planning and used methods; forecasting, innovation motivation and methods used.

Session 4. Pricing of innovations. Factors affecting the pricing process. Price management approach. Pricing process of an innovative product. Pricing methods of innovation project. Economic efficiency of innovations and methods of its analysis.

Session 5. Innovation strategic management. The concept of strategic management in the innovation sphere. Features and choice of strategy. Extrapolation, search forecast, normative forecast, forecast on the basis of trend analysis, intuitive forecast. The overall goal and model of innovation management system. Optimal control techniques. Basic concepts of the theory of decision-making. Classification problems of innovative strategies’ development.

Session 6: Innovation project management. Classification of innovation projects. Development of programs and projects. Features of innovation project management. Research and Development of innovation project. High-involvement innovation approach.

Session 7. The risks of innovation projects. Risk classification. Accounting risks in projects. Methods to reduce the impact of risks. Investment return terms, the accounting rate of return, net present value, internal rate of return.

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Introduction

Session 8. Examination of innovative projects. Tasks and types of expertise. Qualitative methods. Quantitative methods. Evaluation of the project effectiveness. Objectives and stages of patent research. Legal protection of basic scientific and technological results. The order of registration of the application for the invention. Examination of an application. Rationalization proposals.

Course Learning Outcomes:

-external and internal environment analyses of innovation company,

-key elements and their impact on the company;

-analyses communication processes in innovation company organization, and proposals for improvement of their effectiveness;

-skills analysis of the competitive environment sector;

-organization of team interaction using management tasks, methods and techniques of company’s innovation activity.

Each section is equipped with practical tasks for a deeper understanding of theoretical information, mastering the practical skills of using this material in the innovation activities of modern companies.

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1. BASIC CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS OF INNOVATION MANAGEMENT

The emergence, establishment and the main features of innovation management. Innovation and social laws. Classification of innovations as management object, definition, importance, functions, classification of innovations; the life cycle of innovation. Triple-helix concept.

Innovative management is the management of the scientific, research and development, production activities and intellectual potential of the companies’ personnel with the aim of improving the product (service) being manufactured or mastering, as well as the ways, organization and culture of its production and, on the basis of this, meeting the needs of society in competitive goods and services.

Innovation is the end result of the innovation activity, embodied in the form of a new or improved product introduced on the market, a new or improved process used in organizational activities, a new approach to social problems. An innovation process is an activity in which an invention or an entrepreneurial idea receives economic content.

According to Oslo Manual, there are four major types of innovations:

• Product innovation

–A good or service that is new or significantly improved. This includes significant improvements in technical specifications, components and materials, software in the product, user friendliness or other functional characteristics.

• Process innovation

–A new or significantly improved production or delivery method. This includes significant changes in techniques, equipment and/or software.

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1.Basic concepts and definitions of innovation management

•Marketing innovation

–A new marketing method involving significant changes in product design or packaging, product placement, product promotion or pricing.

• Organizational innovation

–A new organizational method in business practices, workplace organization or external relations.

Depending on where the innovation is applied - three types of innovation process are distinguished within or outside the firm:

simple intra-organizational (natural);

simple inter-organizational (commodity);

advanced.

A simple intra-organizational (natural) process involves the creation and use of innovation within the same organization. Innovation in this case does not directly take the form of a commodity. Although the role of consumers are those units and employees who use intra-firm innovation.

With a simple inter-organizational (commodity) process, innovation acts as an object of purchase and sale on the external market. This form of innovative process means a complete separation of the function of the creator and producer of innovation from the function of its consumer.

An advanced innovative process is manifested in the creation of new producers, the violation of the monopoly of the pioneer manufacturer, and the further diffusion of the commodity. The phenomenon of diffusion of innovation contributes to the economic development of society and is a stimulus for the initiation of a new innovation process.

In practice, the speed of diffusion of innovation depends on various factors:

1) technical and consumer properties of innovation;

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