Innovation management. Учебное пособие
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6. Innovation project management
change management. Project products can be products of the enterprise or innovation project management is part of the enterprise management system and includes:
1.Innovation project content management is a support for general change management. Thus, if during the implementation of the project new customer expectations are identified that were not identified at the stage of pre-project analysis and initial requirements collection, the implementation of the content management procedure will make it possible to review and formalize not only the customer’s new requirements for the project, but also the deadlines and project budget.
2.Innovation project time-management is a process aimed at performing the following procedures: a) determining the current state of a project schedule; b) identification of factors that create changes in the schedule, and the impact on them; c) change management as they occur.
A key function of schedule management is to conduct a variance analysis by time. A comparison of the approved start and run dates with actual / forecasted results provides useful information for identifying deviations and taking corrective actions in case of delays.
3.Innovation project cost-management - the impact on the factors causing cost variance, and the management of changes in the project budget. Innovation project cost management includes the following main aspects:
- impact on factors causing changes in the base plan at a cost;
- management of changes as they occur (change registration, analysis, approval procedure, control of the implementation of approved changes);
- ensuring that the potential cost overrun does not lead to an increase in costs beyond the approved funding limits;
- monitoring costs in order to detect and analyze deviations from the basic plan by cost;
- informing the relevant project participants about the approved changes.
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Research and Development of innovation project.
Research and Development (R&D) of innovation project carried out by the order of the company / firm and / or their organizations, can differ in the following types of work: research, development, technological work, or other research work at receipt and using the new knowledge of the activities of the company or organization.
Innovative activity is the activity in the formation of a new product, the existing technology, the creation of a new product, the existing technology.
R&D life cycle is the period from the beginning of scientific research to the termination of the receipt of useful results.
Evaluation of R&D effectiveness. When evaluating the effectiveness of R&D, the calculation period is used, which is divided into steps (0.1 ...) and measured in years. It includes the following stages: scientific research, experimental design work, manufacturing of industrial designs, mass production, and use of manufactured products or technologies in industrial and economic practice, liquidation (disposal) of products. For scientific developments that are not related to the creation of a new technology, the estimated period usually includes scientific research and the direct use of its results in the production and business activities of a company / enterprise.
Executors of R&D are a scientific, design or constructor organization that is involved in the development process of a contracting company / enterprise.
R & D Efficiency is the effectiveness of scientific development is understood as a category reflecting the conformity of this development to the goals and interests of the company / company-customer.
There are different types of R & D effectiveness:
·commercial type,
·social type,
·ecological type,
·others.
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Each type of effectiveness is characterized by different indicators or forms of manifestation of effectiveness.
R&D Implementation Program. The program for the implementation of the system of research and development is a complex of technical, economic and organizational measures that involve the practical use of scientific results. It includes economic justifications, R & D, prototype production, testing of new equipment, its experimental application in organizations, serial production, mass application, maintenance, repair and disposal (liquidation).
Investments are monetary funds, securities, other property, including property rights, other rights that have monetary value, invested in objects of entrepreneurial and (or) other activity in order to obtain profit and (or) to achieve a different useful effect.
High-involvement innovation approach (John Bessant) is based on two things:
The grade of involvement that you have on innovation How important innovation is for a company
To measure the level of innovation we need to look at how organizations involve their employees in their innovation process. What we are looking for is to see if there is a High-Involvement Innovation (HII). More specifically, we mean how the staff of the organization is involved. A typical error in organizations that do not have enough focus on innovation include only certain and specific departments which normally is research and development department. Knowledge needed to start the innovation process are located in the heads of those who work in the organization. If people are encouraged and supported by management to think innovation, it is more likely that employees will take part in the development. John Bessant writes that one looks for the development of an active involvement in innovation processes at all levels of the organization, known High-Involvement Innovation, which is illustrated in the figure below. (Fig.6.1)
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High-Involvement Innovation is based on mobilizing continuous innovation, which originally comes from the Japanese call for Kaizen. Kaizen means “small improvements” and refers to what each employee is able to contribute. Thus, we can interpret the figure above that HighInvolvement Innovation consists of both “Kaizen-type” which are small improvements and specialist activities of a department such as research and development.
The main idea behind High-Involvement Innovation is that as many as possible of the employees shall be involved in participation in the innovation process, when the involved participants is essential to achieve results.
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Fig. 6.1. High-Involvement Innovation
It may be considered to create a competitive advantage against competitors in several areas as:
•quality assurance established procedures can reduce costs significantly;
•a leaner production according to “Lean”;
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•cooperation and participation mobilizing the workforce through the involvement and participation through active problem solving;
•high level of involvement in the innovation process, particularly through sustained incremental problem solutions (Kaizen).
For the management of innovation processes to take place, it depends on whether there are resources available (equipment, money, etc.), And whether the organization is capable of managing them. In an organization there are established patterns for “the way we do things”, and routines. The practice of routines expresses the ability to innovate, and how skills are performed and provided express capabilities within the organization. In his research John Bessant states that HighInvolvement Innovation being developed into a concept that extends over five stages of continuous improvement to become a learning organization with an emphasis on involvement. Steps of the five-step model involve:
•Level 1. Natural or background improvement, ad hoc and shortrun (Precursor)
•Level 2. Formal attempts to create and maintain HII (Structures)
•Level 3. HII is geared toward the company’s goals and objectives (Targeted)
•Level4.HIIislargelyself-sustainingbyindividualsandgroups (Proactive)
•Level 5. HII is the dominant culture (Strong innovation). Five-step model has dimensions of performance and practice of
innovation. Performance dimension refers to the measurement of innovation using performance indicators, while the practical dimension classifies the development and implementation of innovation culture. Such a measurement is the ability to perform, and the ability to practice the innovative.
Discussion questions:
1. What are the indicators, that can classified innovation projects?
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2.In your opinion, how do you think research and development of innovation projects system in Russian Federation should be organized? Explain.
3.Do you think high-involvement innovation approach is applicable for Russian research and production enterprises or has to be modernized? How?
Research topic:
Select innovation company. According to additionally provided materials, conduct research of selected company. Develop research skills and techniques according to John Bessant research of HighInvolvement Innovation and give recommendation to follow concept spanning of five steps, that ranges from the transformation process to becoming a learning organization, at the fifth level and made a quantitative survey, which was a key aspect of the student research as they used.
Practical Exercise:
Read the text and classified innovation projects. What areas are they in? All these innovation projects are implemented with the support of the Skolkovo Foundation, Rosnano Group, Russian Venture Company OJSC and Foundation for Assistance to the Development of Small Forms of Enterprises in the Scientific and Technical Sphere. What are the reasons for their investment in your opinion? Name them.
Examples of successful innovation projects supported by development institutions of the Russian Federation
“Aelita” company has developed a unique anesthesia and respiratory apparatus for safe anesthesia, which allows to simplify the management of the anesthesia process and regulate the dose of anesthetic injected.
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“Axion RDM” company (nuclear technologies) commercializes the technology of using unique ion-exchange materials AXION, which makes it possible to extract rare, rare-earth, noble metals, and also cesium radionuclides from complex solutions.
“Center for Diagnosis and Surgery of the Posterior Eye” LLC has developed a software and hardware system for wireless transmission and data processing of three-dimensional visualization of the course of ophthalmic interventions.
“Dauria - Satellite Technologies”: company (space technologies) is implementing a project to develop and create a prototype of the low-cost multispectral spacecraft (AKA) "Auriga" (in mass and size parameters of the microclass up to 50 kg). At the moment, a platform for processing and creating applications based on satellite imagery has been developed and launched (clients are Vodaphone, InterMap, ESRI).
“Diakont” company, producing devices to improve safety in the nuclear and gas industry.
“ELVIS-NeoTek” company creates intellectual systems of computer vision at the level of world analogues, and in a number of areas - surpassing them. The main consumers of the company's products are airports, oil and gas companies, utilities and retail. ELVIS-NeoTek systems are able to independently distinguish and classify almost any objects and events. All this allows to significantly reduce the need for maintenance personnel and increase the reliability of monitoring systems.
“Hightech Technology” company has created a new generation of Jelastic cloud platform for Java, PHP and other applications, which, thanks to its architecture and functionality, simplifies the process of creating applications in various programming languages. Now the audience of the Jelastic platform has 150 thousand end users. It is
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available in 29 countries, including the USA, Germany, Great Britain, France, etc.
“Kern” research and production enterprise is engaged in the development and production of equipment for the study of oil and gas wells for geophysical and oil and gas companies.
“Medinzh” research and production enterprise produces hightech medical products. For 20 years, thanks to heart valves developed by the company, domestic heart surgeons were able to save 70 thousand human lives. More than 10 spin-offs were created on the basis of the company.
“Metaclay” manufactures anti-corrosion coatings based on polymer composites to protect large-diameter pipes for oil and gas pipelines. Coatings companies increase the service life of pipes up to 60–80 years, increase their durability and strength at extreme temperatures (from -60 °C to +80 °C), reduce gas permeability, and also prevent the destruction of the pipe material under the action of solar radiation. “Metaclay” coatings are used for anticorrosive protection of the pipeline "Power of Siberia". Due to technological advantages and low cost of production, “Metaclay” managed to squeeze foreign players out of the Russian market.
“Mikran” research and production foundation develops and manufactures electronic component base for microwave devices.
“NAPOLI” company is engaged in the development and production of a new generation of medical dressings. The “hitopran” wound dressing developed by the company possesses unique properties, and thanks to the nanofibrous structure, it allows the skin to breathe freely and in doses to “deliver” drugs to the lesion, reduces pain, and provides healing without scars. The bandage does not injure the wound surface and does not require removal: it either resolves itself or moves away with a scab wound.
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6. Innovation project management
“Novas SK” Company (energy-efficient technology) implements a range of services based on plasma-impulse impact technology on the formation, which can significantly improve the efficiency of oil and shale gas production at the well: when developing technology at depleted fields, the average oil production increase exceeded 150%.
“Novomet” pumps are one of the best in the world market in terms of power consumption and reliability - the friction coefficient of the loaded parts of mechanisms is reduced by 1.4–1.7 times, and their wear resistance is increased by 1.5–2 times because of the use of nanotechnologies. This is especially important when using such pumps in oil production at complex fields. About 20% of Russian oil is produced using “Novomet” pumps. The company's products are shipped to countries in North and Latin America, to the Middle East and Africa.
“PrimeBioMed” company is currently the only Russian laboratory specializing in the development and production of antibodies for oncological diagnostics that can detect tissue localization of various cells, hormones and their receptors, enzymes, immunoglobulin, cell components and individual genes by binding them with labeled antibodies. The company intends to occupy 60% of the domestic market, displacing the foreign competitors dominating on it, and at the same time working on export projects to the countries of the CIS, Eastern Europe and the Middle East.
“RM Nanotech” company is the first in Russia and the largest plant in Europe for the production of nano-structured membranes for the purification of water and liquids. The launch of the “RM Nanotech” plant allowed Russia to become the sixth country in the world with the technology of industrial production of nano-filtration membranes. The company's membrane systems are used in a variety of industries. Among the consumers are engineering companies producing water purification systems for end users, as well as enterprises of the chemical, oil and gas, and energy industries.
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“Semiotics” has developed and launched a microchip for testing blood for antibodies, which, at minimum cost, allows simultaneous diagnostics of ontological, as well as infectious and autoimmune diseases.
“SPUTNIKS” company is implementing a project aimed at developing and creating microsatellites and onboard systems on the principle of Plug-n-Play. Among the key competitive advantages are fast assembly, adaptation of the payload, testing, preparation for launch (no more than a few months); the relative cheapness of launches, including cluster ones; their regularity (up to 3-4 times per year); low cost of platform solutions (up to 2 million US dollars). As a result, the first private remote sensing satellite in Russia was created and the successful launch and launch of the Tabletsat-Aurora satellite developed by the project team was carried out.
“Telum” company (information technology cluster) implements the introduction of communication technologies by installing a 4G mobile network inside the building. “Telum” has developed a line of small LTE Ranberry small cells, which have been successfully tested for compatibility with the equipment of mobile operators.
“Unichemtech” group of companies is the leader at the Russian market among manufacturers of sealing and fire-retardant products.
“Ural Center for Biopharmaceutical Technologies” company
(biological and medical technologies) has completed the development of a new antiviral drug “Triazavirin” and brought it to the market. “Triazavirin” is effective against 15 types of flu, including swine and bird flu viruses. The drug can be used at any stage of the disease, as well as used as a prophylactic agent. "Triazavirin" showed activity against tick-borne encephalitis virus, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, West Nile fever, western and eastern encephalomyelitis, etc.
“Vocord” company is developer and manufacturer of professional video surveillance systems and telecommunications
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