Innovation management. Учебное пособие
.pdf3. REGULATIONS OF INNOVATION ACTIVITY
Regulatory considerations. State regulations of innovation activity. Determination of the content and direction of innovation policy; methods of implementation; choice of policies, strategic and operational planning and used methods; forecasting, innovation motivation and methods used.
Innovation policy is a set of managerial, organizational, economic and technological solutions, techniques and methods that ensure the search and implementation of the results of research and development in business. The innovation policy of an enterprise establishes the order of introduction of innovations depending on the resources available and the tasks set. Innovation policy is designed to ensure successful product sales by ensuring the relationship between current and innovative activities of the enterprise. The implementation of innovation policy is carried out through the system of feasibility and financial capabilities of the enterprise: the use of research and experimental base to create competitive products; raising funds for searching, developing and introducing innovations.
The role of the state in managing innovative development in all countries of the post-industrial society is defined as leading. In the management of innovative development, the state provides legislation and regulations, develops the procedure for selecting and implementing major innovative projects to support and co-financing, promotes the accelerated development of priority sectors and industries, promotes the development of innovative enterprises in the small innovative business, forms the territories of concentration of innovative business - technology parks, science cities, special economic zones. At the same time, questions about how to organize a favorable environment for innovative development, to attract investment in the venture business, in
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which legal forms of economic societies innovations are better implemented, how to provide innovation enterprises and many others with personnel are not fully resolved.
Among other things, there are four main problems in the development of the innovation sphere:
1.Russia has one of the best potential in the world in a number of areas of basic science, but there are no conditions for its expanded reproduction. This causes a high risk of degradation of the national fundamental science, loss of the prestige of Russia as a scientific power.
2.The existing gaps in the innovation cycle and the transition from basic research through R & D to commercial technologies, the low level of development of the applied development sector and the underdevelopment of the innovation infrastructure in terms of the commercialization of advanced technologies lead to the fact that knowledge is delivered abroad with an extremely low level of technology exports.
3.In the business sector, backward technological structures dominate, the level of susceptibility of companies to new technological solutions remains low, in many companies innovative activity is carried out situationally. This predetermines, in the presence of a growth in the innovative activity of the business sector, the dominance in its expenditures on technological innovations on the costs of new equipment with low demand for research and development.
4.In general, the resources of the business sector are focused more on the purchase of imported equipment, while the knowledge and research offered by the sector is more in demand abroad. Thus, the capitalization of a high intellectual resource occurs predominantly outside Russia, and significant funds from the business sector are excluded from the reproduction processes of the domestic research and development sector.
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3. Regulations of innovation activity
The main objectives and principles of state support for innovation.
1.The state provides support for innovation in order to modernize the Russian economy, ensure the competitiveness of domestic goods, works and services in the Russian and world markets, and improve the quality of life of the population.
2.State support of innovation activity is a set of measures taken by the state authorities of the Russian Federation and state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation and the legislation of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in order to create the necessary legal, economic and organizational conditions, as well as incentives for legal and individuals engaged in innovation.
3.Government support for innovation is carried out on the basis the following principles:
programmatic approach and measurability of goals in the planning and implementation of state support measures;
availability of government support at all stages of innovation, including for small and medium-sized businesses;
advanced development of innovation infrastructure;
publicity of rendering state support of innovation activity by posting information about the provided measures of state support of innovation activity in the Internet information and telecommunication network;
priority of further development of the results of innovation activities;
protecting private interests and encouraging private initiative;
priority use of market instruments and instruments of publicprivate partnership to stimulate innovation;
ensuring the effectiveness of state support for innovation activities for the purposes of socio-economic development of the Russian Federation and subjects of the Russian Federation;
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the target nature of the use of budget funds for state support of innovation.
Subjects and forms of providing support for innovation
1. State support of innovation activity may be carried out by the subjects of state support, which include the Russian Federation, the subjects of the Russian Federation, the executive authorities of the Russian Federation and the subjects of the Russian Federation, as well as the relevant organizations through which such support may be exercised, or by methods provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation and subjects of the Russian Federation.
2. The goals and main directions of state support of innovation activity (hereinafter - the main directions of state support) are determined in the framework of the Strategy for Innovative Development of the Russian Federation, adopted by the Government of the Russian Federation.
3. Government support for innovation can be carried out in the following forms:
providing benefits for the payment of taxes, fees, customs
duties;
the provision of educational services;
providing information support;
providing consulting support, assistance in the formation of project documentation;
formation of demand for innovative products;
financial security (including subsidies, grants, loans, loans, guarantees, contributions to the share capital);
implementation of targeted programs, sub-programs and activities within the state programs of the Russian Federation;
export support;
infrastructure;
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3.Regulations of innovation activity
in other forms that do not contradict the legislation of the Russian Federation.
4. Innovation activities in the form provided for in paragraph 3 of this article may be supported by local governments.
5. Support for innovation activities may be carried out by legal entities and individuals in forms that do not contradict the legislation of the Russian Federation.
Powers of public authorities of the Russian Federation and public authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the field of state support of innovative activity
1. The Government of the Russian Federation determines the powers of the federal executive authorities in the field of state support for innovation.
2. The authorities of the state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation include:
- the right to adopt laws and other regulatory legal acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation on support for innovation activities;
- the right to adopt and implement programs and projects of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation aimed at supporting innovation activities.
Financing state support for innovation
Financing of the state support of innovative activity carried out by the Russian Federation and the subjects of the Russian Federation with the main directions of the state support.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of budget spending allocated for state support of innovation activities
1. The assessment of the effectiveness of spending budget funds allocated for state support of innovation activity (hereinafter - the assessment of the effectiveness of government support) is carried out in accordance with this article.
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2.Evaluation of the effectiveness of state support in terms of the implementation of state policy in the relevant field and the achievement of goals is carried out by the highest governing bodies of the subjects of state support, as well as other bodies and organizations in the cases established by law.
3.In assessing the effectiveness of state support, the implementation of the established procedure, which regulates the provision of such support, as well as the compliance of the specified procedure with the requirements established by this article shall be verified.
The rules for evaluating the effectiveness, especially the determination of the targeted nature of the use of budgetary funds aimed at state support of innovation, as well as funds from extra budgetary sources, the return of which is provided by state guarantees, and the criteria used for such an assessment are established by the Government of the Russian Federation. (the paragraph was introduced by the Federal Law of 13.07.2015 N 270-FZ)
4.In the event of an assessment (verification) of the effectiveness of state support, the control (oversight) authorities shall be guided by the provisions of federal laws, taking account the provisions of this article.
5.In assessing the effectiveness of state support, the availability and compliance with the approved state support entities is verified:
documents defining the strategy, goals and objectives of providing state support for innovation activities;
documents determining the procedure for granting state support for innovation activities.
6.When verifying the documents specified in paragraph two of clause 5 of this article, it shall be established:
- their compliance with the main directions of state support; - measurability of goals and objectives;
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3.Regulations of innovation activity
-the ability to determine the effectiveness of state support for innovation;
-the relationship of goals and objectives with key performance indicators of structural units and management of the subject of state support, the system of motivation of its employees (if this requirement applies to the subject of state support);
-the existence of a system for assessing responsibility for the failure to achieve the goals set (in the event this requirement is applicable to the subject of state support to be checked).
7. When checking documents specified in paragraph 3 of clause 5 of this article, it shall be established:
-the presence of internal procedures for monitoring the implementation of the established procedure for the provision of state support for innovation, indicating those responsible for making specific decisions and sanctions for violation of established procedures;
-transparency of internal procedures for monitoring the implementation of the established procedure for the provision of state support for innovation activities, as well as the presence and description of the main stages of the provision of state support for innovation activities, indicating the deadlines for their implementation;
-the existence of procedures for collective decision-making and the involvement of independent professional experts;
-the compliance of these documents with the requirements for regulatory legal acts of federal executive bodies established by Federal Law No. 172-FZ of July 17, 2009 “On Anti-Corruption Expert
Evaluation of Regulatory Legal Acts and Draft Regulatory Legal Acts”.
8. The verification of the implementation and results of individual innovation projects within the framework of evaluating the effectiveness of state support is carried out only in case of violation of the established procedure for providing state support of innovation activity, its absence or the absence of certain documents defined by this article.
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9.As part of evaluating the effectiveness of state support entities, there is no verification of economic entities and individuals who did not directly receive government support for innovation activities.
10.In assessing the effectiveness of state support, the high-risk nature of innovation activity, the uncertainty of market and technological prospects of innovation projects, which may entail the loss of financial and other resources invested in an innovation project, are taken account.
11.Taking account the specifics of innovation activity, the assessment of the effectiveness of state support is carried out on the basis an analysis of the effectiveness of sets of innovative projects formed by subjects of state support, with similar goals and characteristics.
The main prerequisites for the development of an innovative development model in Russia are as follows:
- presence of a significant sector of fundamental science (first of all, the scientific organizations of the Russian Academy of Sciences and other academies of science with state status, leading universities);
- ensuring the implementation of applied research and technological development and the introduction of scientific and technical results in production (the system of state scientific centers of the Russian Federation, industry research organizations, corporate science), the presence of Russia's competitive advantages in a number of important technological areas, in particular, in aerospace and nuclear industry;
- effective education system, as well as the practice of training and certification of highly qualified personnel;
- presence of certain basic elements of the innovation structure - innovation and technology centers, technology transfer centers, technology parks (including at leading universities), funds specializing
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in supporting innovative entrepreneurship, including public and private venture capital, etc.
Methods for the implementation of state innovation policy. To implement the innovation policy, the government has
developed specific methods, the purpose of which is to ensure the effective implementation of the innovation program.
The main methods of implementing innovation policy are:
-government support and encouragement of investors who invest in high-tech, high-tech production, as well as organizations (in the period of innovation development) through the introduction of certain tax benefits, government guarantees and loans;
-development of legislative conditions for positive changes in the innovation sphere, i.e. legislation should provide for the development of relevant legal acts;
-creation of conditions for the formation of joint ventures for the production of domestic products and their implementation on the foreign market, the provision of advertising of domestic innovations abroad, the entry into international information systems for the exchange of information on innovative projects;
-improvement of the tax system in order to create favorable conditions for conducting innovation activities;
-provision of quotas in foreign credit lines for the development of innovative infrastructure, procurement of equipment for the implementation of innovative projects guaranteed by the state and licenses for technologies and know-how for mastering the production of the latest products;
-development of high-tech unique equipment leasing;
-consolidation of efforts of public authorities and private investors, aimed at organizing interaction with EU member states, the CIS and other states;
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- participation of innovation-active organizations in international competitions; the allocation of public investment for the implementation of innovative projects of a nationwide nature, but not attractive to private investors.
Thus, the innovative model of economic development involves a high concentration of production, scientific and technical knowledge and new technologies. Thus, in developed countries, the share of new knowledge embodied in technology, equipment, training, organization of production, accounts for about 70% of the increase in gross domestic product. Creating an innovative model of economic development is based on the use of its characteristic tools, including in the area of state support.
Discussion questions:
1.What can be done to solve main problems in the development of the innovation sphere?
2.What are the main objectives and principles of state support for innovation? Why do you think it is so?
3.How the government can apply methods for the implementation of state innovation policy? Describe.
Research topics:
1.Research goals and main directions of state support of innovation activity which are determined in the framework of the Strategy for Innovative Development of the Russian Federation, adopted by the Government of the Russian Federation. How can government support them?
2.Choose one of the world innovation ranking. What are the main indicators of the ranking? How well the Russian Federation is doing? Analyze Russian Federation from the position of its closest competitors.
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