Изучаем английские артикли = Practise English Articles. Пособие

6.Study and practise the text below. Notice the use of articles with the names of meals.

Meals in Britain

A traditional English breakfast is a very big meal – sausages, bacon, eggs, tomatoes, mushrooms ... . But nowadays many people just have cereal with milk and sugar, or toast with marmalade, jam, or honey. Marmalade and jam are not the same! Marmalade is made from oranges and jam is made from other fruit. The traditional breakfast drink is tea, which people have with cold milk. Some people have coffee, often instant coffee, which is made with just hot water. Many visitors to Britain find this coffee disgusting.

For many people lunch is a quick meal. In cities there are a lot of sandwich bars, where office workers can choose the kind of bread they want – brown, white, or a roll - and then all sorts of salad and meat or fish to go in the sandwich. Pubs often serve good, cheap food, both hot and cold. Schoolchildren can have a hot meal at school, but many just take a snack from home – a sandwich, a drink, some fruit, and perhaps some crisps.

‘Tea’ means two things. It is a drink and a meal! Some people have afternoon tea, with sandwiches, cakes, and, of course, a cup of tea. Cream teas are popular. You have scones (a kind of cake) with cream and jam.

The evening meal is the main meal of the day for many people. They usually have it quite early, between 6.00 and 8.00, and often the whole family eats together.

On Sundays many families have a traditional lunch. They have roast meat, either beef, lamb, chicken, or pork, with potatoes, vegetables and gravy. Gravy is a sauce made from the meat juices.

The British like food from other countries, too, especially Italian, French, Chinese, and Indian. People often get take-away meals – you buy the food at the restaurant and then bring it home to eat. Eating in Britain is quite international!

• Are the sentences true or false? Correct the false statements.

1. Many British people have a big breakfast.

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2.People often have cereal or toast for breakfast.

3.Marmalade is different from jam.

4.People often drink tea with hot milk.

5.Many foreign visitors have instant coffee.

6.All British people have a hot lunch.

7.Pubs are good places to go for lunch.

8.British people eat dinner late in the evening.

9.Sunday lunch is a special meal.

10.When you get a take-away meal, you eat it at home.

•1. What do you know about meals in other countries?

2.Talk about what people in your country eat and when they eat it.

3.Write a similar paragraph about meals in your country.

7.Study and practise the following conversations. Notice the use of articles. Make up similar conversations.

1.

Waitress: Hi. What can I get you today?

Sam: Hi. I’d like a cheese sandwich, please.

Waitress: On white or brown bread?

Sam: On brown, please.

Waitress: Would you like fries?

Sam: Yes.

Waitress: Regular or large size?

Sam: Large.

Waitress: And your friend?

Sam: Jenny, what would you like?

Jenny: Do you have salads?

Waitress: Small, medium or large?

Jenny: Oh, I’d like a medium.

Waitress: OK. Anything to drink?

Jenny: Sam, do you want some juice?

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Sam: No, thanks. Coffee for me. Jenny: OK, a small cup of coffee for ...

Sam: No, no, a large one.

Jenny: A large cup of coffee for him and a small glass of mineral water for me.

Waitress: Fine. Coming right up!

2.

Waitress: OK, here we are. Two vegetarian рizzas.

Sam: No, that’s not for us. Our order is a sandwich with fries and a salad.

Waitress: Oh, excuse me, that’s the wrong order, just a moment. Jenny: Two vegetarian pizzas? I really like them! Can we

change our order? Sam: Of course not.

Waitress: OK. I think this is your order. A medium salad for you, sir.

Sam: Oh no, the salad’s for her.

Waitress: OK. Right. A medium salad and a small glass of mineral water for you, madam; and a cheese sandwich on brown bread with large fries and a large cup of coffee for you, sir.

Sam: Yes. thanks. How much is that?

Waitress: That’s sixteen dollars and seventy cents please. Sam: Can I pay by credit card?

Waitress: Of course.

2.6Употребление артиклей с существительными, обозначающими названия времен года

spring, summer, autumn, fall, winter

Существительные – названия времен года, если они являются подлежащим в предложении, могут употребляться как

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в конкретном значении данного календарного сезона, так

ив обобщенном значении холодного и теплого, весеннего

иосеннего времени. В первом случае употребляется только определенный артикль:

Во втором случае возможен как определенный, так и нулевой артикль:

Если существительное – название времени года является в предложении дополнением, то с ним обычно употребляется определенный артикль:

Если существительное – название времени года является в предложении предикативом, то артикль перед ним не употребляется:

Артикль также не употребляется, если перед существительным в этом случае стоит прилагательное early или late:

Однако, если перед названиями времен года имеется описательное определение, то употребляется неопределенный артикль:

Определенный артикль употребляется с названиями времен года после предлогов through, during и for:

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После предлогов in, till, until, before и after встречается как определенный, так и нулевой артикль:

2.7Употребление apтиклей

с существительными, обозначающими названия частей суток

day, night, morning, evening, noon, afternoon, midnight, dawn, dusk, daytime, nightfall, sunrise, sunset, twilight

а) Употребляя существительные этой группы, говорящие часто имеют в виду определенный день, вечер и т. п. В таких случаях употребляется определенный артикль:

б) Когда в центре внимания находится какое-либо качество дня, ночи и т. п., выраженное описательным определением, употребляется неопределенный артикль:

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в) Артикль отсутствует, когда существительные этой группы имеют отвлеченное значение (день=свет, ночь=темнота и т. п.) или когда они употребляются в функции предикатива, не имея при себе описательных определений: Night came slowly on. Day broke and we started. It was evening when... . It was (early) morning when ... . It was midnight when ... . It was (broad) day when ... .

В следующих случаях наличие или отсутствие артикля является традиционным:

а) (после предлогов in, through, during): in the morning; in the evening; in the afternoon; in the daytime; in the night; all through the morning; during the night.

б) (после предлогов at, by, about, past, before, after, towards, till и until): at night; at midnight; at dawn; at sunset; by day; by night; about midnight; past noon; before (after) dawn; before (after) noon; before (after) sunset; towards evening; till (until) daylight; till (until) evening.

c)yesterday afternoon; Friday evening; all day (long); all night (through); (но: all through the night; all through the day); day after day; from morning till night; (to work) day and night.

Practice

1. Explain the use of articles with the nouns in bold.

1. Spring is the best time to start a new life. 2. He was born in the spring of 1944. 3. Flowers begin to bloom in (the) spring. 4. It was a beautiful warm spring. 5. It was early spring. 6. She is in town at the moment but she spent the spring in the country. 7. Late spring is always nice. 8. The winter was mild last year. 9. We are expecting a frоsty winter this year. 10. It was summer and the place broke up in red flowers. 11. We meet twice a year: in early spring and late autumn. 12. ‘Can’t you wait until the winter?’ Sam asked. 13. The sun in summer warms the skin, but in winter, when it appears, it

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warms the heart. 14. He felt more at home in the winter than in the summer, because in the winter there are firelights and drawn curtains and one’s own company. 15. We had a short summer.

16.Day was breaking when we set out. 17. Did you have a good day? 18. He works at night and sleeps during the day. 19. The rain stopped at last; it had been a wet day. 20. Night fell. 21. Where did you spend the night? 22. These animals only come out at night. 23. They sleep by day and hunt by night. 24. A silent night was followed by a bright dawn. 25. The accident happened on Friday night. 26. You’re welcome to stay the night here. 27. I’m working late tomorrow night. 28. Bill’s parents came for dinner last night. 29. I prefer coffee in the morning. 30. See you tomorrow morning. 31. We met on Friday morning. 32. We got the news on the morning of the wedding. 33. It was early morning. 34. She is going to her sister’s for the evening. 35. It was late evening. 36. On a hot September evening we were walking in the forest. 37. ‘You are as good as an umbrella on a rainy day.’ 38. Ancient advice is to get up before sunrise and go to bed with sunset. 39. He looked at the sunset and the birds coming back to their nests. 40. After midnight, I walked to the beach with him, sad to see him leave so soon. 41. I woke up just before dawn. 42. It was hard to see him clearly in the twilight. 43. We went for a walk along the beach at twilight.

2.Fill in a / an, the or ‘–‘.

1.We’re setting off at ... sunrise. 2. We must be home before ...

midnight. 3. We reached the village before … sunset. 4. I’ve come here to see ... sunset. 5. We left at ... dawn. 6. I’ve never seen ...

dawn like that! 7. I get up early to admire ... dawn. 8. We were having tea in my room on ... cold January afternoon. 9. It was

... dusk but I could see Henry walking across the field. 10. It was nearly ... midnight, and Margaret rose to go. 11. It was a grey, cold day. By ... nightfall it would rain. 12. We got back to the inn as

... night was falling. 13. It was ... early morning when the train pulled into the station. 14. I paid my first visit to them on ... clear cold February night. 15. ... day broke and everything seemed better. 16. … morning we met was surprisingly bright. 17. It happened on … icy winter morning. 18. She worked from ... dawn to ...

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dusk but earned little money. 19. Towards ... evening he called at their house, but found no one at home. 20. On ... Sunday morning ... weather was showery. 21. ... day passed quietly. 22. Robert decided to kill a great many birds with one stone by spending ...

night in London. 23. It was ... night, but the street was brightly lit. 24. He was lying sleepless at ... night. 25. When the sun rises, it is … morning, when it sets it is ... evening. 26. It was ... cold blowy evening. 27. Dora was getting weaker ... day by ... day. 28. All ...

night the snow fell. 29. It was ... summer afternoon, ... last day of the Bar final examination. 30. His secretary said that Kevin was free in ... evening. 31. In the middle of ... night I awoke. 32. In ...

winter ... days are short and … nights are long. 33. I can never sleep on ... moonlit night. 34. I finished the work by ... late afternoon. 35. Let’s go out on ... Saturday night. 36. I’m leaving ... tomorrow afternoon. 37. I awoke on ... gloomy day. 38. ... evening was windy and chilly. 39. It was ... lovely August evening. 40. ... night fell. ...

bright stars appeared in the sky. 41. In ... late autumn we lock our cottage till ... spring. 42. Last time I saw her in ... autumn of 1990. 43. She is going to her sister’s for ... evenibg. 44. I do some rockclimbing in ... summer, ski in ... winter. 45. It was ... remarkably fine autumn. 46. Our house can be very cold in ... winter. 47. They worked on the building all through ... winter. 48. We went to New Zealand ... last winter. 49. During ... winter I had heard a rumour that she was abroad. 50. The street lights go on at ... dusk. 51. You don’t often see this bird in ... daytime. 52. ... twilight was gathering. 53. It’s almost ... dawn.

3. Fill in a / an, the or ‘–’.

Seasons

1. ... spring is ... wonderful season. It is my favourite season because everything is so beautiful and colourful. ... weather is usually warm and sunny in ... spring. ... beautiful flowers grow everywhere and

... birds build their nests in ... trees. However ... weather changes quickly. Sometimes, ... grey clouds appear in ... sky and it rains, but after ... rain, ... sky turns blue again. In ... spring, I spend a lot of time outdoors. I often ride my bicycle and play with my friends in ... park. ... countryside is lovely ... in spring, so my family and

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I often go on ... picnics on Sundays. I love ... spring. It makes me feel happy and energetic.

2. ... autumn is ... beautiful season. It is my favourite season because it’s cool and ... trees change colour. In ... autumn it often rains and ... wind blows. ... leaves fall from ... trees and ... birds fly to ... warm places. In ... autumn, my mother always buys me

... new bag, because ... school starts in ... September. My father collects ... leaves from ... garden. Sometimes I help him after ...

school. At ... weekends we often visit my grandmother. I like ...

autumn very much. It makes me feel relaxed and happy.

3. ... winter is ... lovely season. It is my favourite season because everything is beautiful when it snows. ... weather is very cold. It often snows and ... sky is usually cloudy. Some animals sleep all ...

winter. There are no leaves on ... trees, and there aren’t any flowers. I do lots of things in ... winter. I go to ... school in ... morning. In ... evening I stay at ... home and watch … TV or read ... book next to ... warm fire. When it snows, my friends and I go to ... park and make ... snowman. At ... weekend my family and I go skiing in ... mountains.

•Write a similar paragraph about summer.

•Speak about your favourite season.

4. Translate into English.

1. Утро было холодное и ветреное. 2. Был теплый летний вечер. 3. Настала ночь, и путешественники решили отдохнуть. 4. Он пишет с утра до ночи. 5. Он переночевал у приятеля. 6. Он провел бессонную ночь и был очень бледен. 7. Приятно поехать за город в ясный летний день. 8. И днем и ночью она думала о сыне. 9. Было прекраснее утро – солнечное и тихое. 10. Было раннее утро, и все в доме еще спали. 11. Был пасмурный день, типичный осенний день. 12. В сумерки я любила слушать сказки моей бабушки. 13. Осенний день был сухим и ясным. 14. Мы отправились в путь на рассвете. 15. Ночь перед отъездом была морозной. 16. На закате мы приблизились к морю. 17. После заката всегда становится холоднее. 18. Часы показывают полночь. Пора идти спать.

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19. Я слушаю новости рано утрoм. 20. В середине ночи я проснулся. 21. День только что занялся, и воздух был чист и прохладен. 22. Это случилось однажды пасмурным сентябрьским утром. 23. Была уже ночь, но, к счастью, это была летняя ночь, и погода стояла ясная. 24. Давай встретимся в четверг после обеда. Я буду свободен в это время.

25.Ребенок хорошо спит ночью, но никогда не спит днем.

26.Была ранняя весна. 27. Была дождливая, холодная осень.

28.Осень была исключительно теплая; стояла ясная, солнечная погода. 29. Мое любимое время года – лето. 30. Лето 1941 года было очень жаркое. 31. Какая была здесь погода летом? 32. Что вы больше любите: лето или зиму? 23. Сейчас зима, очень холодная зима. 34. Говорят, будет ранняя весна.

35.Она много работала зимой. 36. Он решил провести лето в городе. 37. Здесь очень жарко летом.

Progress Test В

Fill in a / an, the or ‘–’.

A Burnt Dinner

Yesterday Peter put his dinner in 1) ... oven to cook. It was such 2) ... nice day that he decided to mow 3) ... lawn while he was waiting. It was such 4) ... hard work and took such 5) ... long time that his dinner began to burn, but he was so busy in 6) ... garden that he didn’t notice 7) ... smell. As he was working, he heard 8) ... fire engine arrive, and he went to 9) ... front of his house. His neighbour said, ‘Peter, there was such 10) ... bad smell and so much smoke that we thought your house was on 11) ... fire. We were so worried that we called 12) … fire brigade.’ Peter had such 13) ...

shock! He ran into 14) ... kitchen, but 15) ... oven was so hot that he couldn’t touch it. 16) ... firemen had sprayed it with so much water that 17) ... kitchen was wet all over. Finally, everybody went home. Peter was left with 18) … kitchen that was such 19) ... mess and 20) ... dinner that was so burnt that he decided never to cook and mow 21) ... lawn at 22) ... same time again.

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