The profession of an architect. Study guide

TRANSLATION

VI. Translate the following sentences into English:

1.Зеленая и устойчивая архитектура становится все более актуальной сегодня на фоне ущерба окружающей среде, причиняемого глобальным потеплением.

2.Архитекторы могут добиться зеленой и устойчивой архитектуры, внедряя системы использования возобновляемых источников энергии, строительные материалы, пригодные для вторичной переработки,

иновые методы строительства, которые снижают количество потребляемой энергии.

3.Благодаря преимуществам и возможностям получения дохода, а также растущему признанию экологических рейтингов зданий, это один из путей, по которому начинающие архитекторы могут построить карьеру – прибыльную и профессионально вознаграждаемую.

4.Дизайн-проекты для архитекторов могут исходить из любого из этих двух источников – частного и государственного секторов.

5.Хотя большинство типов архитекторов, рассмотренных до сих пор, относятся к частным заказам, государственный сектор может быть очень прибыльным источником дохода.

6.Правительства во всем мире, вероятно, являются крупнейшими работодателями архитекторов, учитывая масштабы проектов и присуждаемые профессиональные гонорары.

7.Особенно в городах и местностях с богатой историей, существует множество зданий с глубокими культурными и историческими корнями, нуждающихся в экспертных знаниях и услугах архитекторареставратора.

8.Детальное изучение и понимание истории здания, места, людей

икультуры – необходимые составляющие работы архитектора-рестав- ратора.

9.Девелоперы недвижимости являются крупнейшими работодателями архитекторов в частном секторе.

10.В жилом, коммерческом и промышленном секторах архитекторы нанимаются руководить командой технических консультантов для предоставления услуг по проектированию и последующего управления этапом строительства совместно с генеральным подрядчиком.

VII. Divide the text into paragraphs. Entitle each of them.

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GRAMMAR IN CONTEXT

VIII. Change the following affirmative sentences into negative and interrogative.

1.Architects can achieve green and sustainable architecture by implementing renewable energy systems.

2.Design projects for architects can come from either one of these two sources – the private and public sectors.

3.Large construction undertakings can include airports, schools, seaports, bridges, stadiums, and various other sports facilities.

4.They may lose to the private sector in numbers but stand out in size and prestige, providing the architect with valuable recognition.

5.These architects could work with private owners or local governments as part of a broader conservation initiative or tourism drive.

6.The qualification may still be that of an architect, but the position is switched.

7.The salary that a city council architect can make depends on the position and years of service.

8. It may be puzzling to you that the 11th type of architect deserves a special mention – last (but not least) – in the post.

9.However, prospective architecture students should note that landscape architecture is an entirely separate study route to take.

10.You can always work in a few firms specializing in different types of architecture after graduation before deciding your career path.

IX. Render the following sentences into English paying attention to the forms of modal verbs. Explain your choice.

1.Архитектор также может предоставлять услуги по дизайну интерьера, если они находятся в пределах возможностей фирмы.

2.Лицензированный архитектор, который заключает контракт на строительство нового жилого комплекса, может заработать больше денег из-за его масштаба.

3.С другой стороны, архитекторы-застройщики, проектирующие отдельно стоящие дома, могут зарабатывать меньше, поскольку вся работа выполнена только для одного дома.

4.Однако проектирование больших домов может быть чрезвычайно прибыльным благодаря более богатым владельцам и возможности включить услуги по дизайну интерьера.

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5.Коммерческие здания часто представляют собой крупные контракты, которые могут включать проектирование набора взаимосвязанных зданий или смешанную застройку коммерческого назначения, расположенных одно над другим.

6.Книммогутотноситьсяофисныездания,торговыецентрыиотели.

7.Дизайн должен соответствовать более строгим требованиям пожарной безопасности.

8.Архитекторы, сделавшие себе имя в этом сегменте, часто могут реализовать больше похожих проектов, обеспечивая хороший поток проектов и стабильный доход.

9.В их работе должны учитываться многие факторы, влияющие на землепользование – экономика, окружающая среда и потребности рынка, – в соответствии с политикой правительства.

10.Земля может быть предназначена для одного назначения – жилого, коммерческого или промышленного - или для их сочетания.

CONTROL QUESTIONS

1. Discuss the following questions.

1.What Kind of Architect Do You Want to Be?

2.Do you like the idea of creating the homes of the future, enhancing how people live their lives?

3.Does using architecture to convey branding in the commercial world appeal to you?

4.Is resolving interior detailing and creating space ambiance a more fulfilling endeavor?

5.Do you value the better job security that comes from working in the city council?

6.Do you believe that green architecture is the future and you want to devote your professional life to advancing it?

7.Are you skilled in urban planning and design at the macro level how cities can operate more efficiently?

2. Comment on the following topics:

Types of architects. My future profession.

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UNIT 4. Home architect

ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY

1.residence [ˈrɛzɪd(ə)ns] – резиденция, место жительства

2.mansion [ˈmanʃ(ə)n] – особняк

3.estate [ɪˈsteɪt] – имущество, собственность. недвижимость; площадка жилой застройки

4.draft [drɑːft] – проект, черновик

5.blueprints [ˈbluːprɪnts] – чертежи, проекты

6.plumbing [ˈplʌmɪŋ] – сантехника, водопровод

7.ventilation [ˌvɛntɪˈleɪʃ(ə)n] – вентиляция

8.coursework [ˈkɔːs.wɜːk] – курсовая работа

9.pursue [pəˈsjuː] – преследовать

10.self-employed [self [ɪmˈplɔɪd] – частный предприниматель

VOCABULARY PRACTICE

I.Match the words in the left column with their synonyms in the right:

II. Match each of the following words with the correct definition: residence, mansion, estate, draft, blueprint, plumbing, ventilation

a)the act of ventilating;

b)the legal position or status of an owner, considered with respect to property owned in land or other things;

c)the place, especially the house, in which a person lives;

d)the system of pipes and other apparatus for conveying water, liquid wastes, etc., as in a building;

e)a very large, impressive, or stately residence;

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f) a drawing, sketch, or design;

h) a process of photographic printing, used chiefly in copying architectural and mechanical drawings, which produces a white line on a blue background.

Read the text for obtaining information.

Home architects design residences of all types, from small housing complexes to huge mansions and estates. They draft the initial blueprints for a home along with detailed schematics for various systems, including plumbing, ventilation, and electrical units. A person who wants to become a home architect is usually required to obtain at least a bachelor's degree, gain several years of internship experience, and pass extensive licensing exams. In addition to the formal requirements, an individual can improve his or her chances of finding employment by developing strong communication and computer skills.

The minimum educational requirement to become a home architect in many states and countries is a bachelor's degree from an accredited university. Bachelor's degree programs in architecture typically take about one year longer than most programs; full-time students can expect about five years of coursework. Students have the opportunity to learn about the history and theory of architecture in classroom lectures, as well as gain handson experience in specialized drafting and design courses.

Many people are able to find internship positions after obtaining bachelor's degrees, but some students choose to pursue additional two-year master's degree plans to further their education and improve their chances of finding work. A master's program in home architecture can better prepare an individual for the business side of the profession. Since a large number of professional architects are self-employed, an education in business principles can help prospective workers determine the best ways to find jobs and deal with clients.

Graduates of accredited degree programs are required to work as assistants or interns for up to three years in most countries. During an internship, an individual who wants to become a home architect has the chance to learn about the profession firsthand from established experts in the field. Internship programs are commonly found at large architectural firms, where new workers assume a variety of responsibilities.

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III. Find the English equivalents for the following words and word combinations in the text.

Архитектор, жилые комплексы, первоначальные чертежи, степень бакалавра, опыт стажировки, экзамены на получение лицензии.

COMPREHENSION EXERCISES

IV. Read the following statements. Are these statements true or false? If the statement is false, say why it is and correct it.

Home architects design residences of all types, from small housing complexes to huge mansions and estates.

They draftthe initialblueprints for ahome along with detailed schematics for various systems, except plumbing, ventilation, and electrical units.

A person who wants to become a home architect is usually required to obtain at least a bachelor's degree, gain several years of internship experience, and pass extensive licensing exams.

Strong communication and computer skills are not necessary for a good architect.

Bachelor's degree programs in architecture typically take about one year longer than most programs; full-time students can expect about five years of coursework.

Students have the opportunity to learn about the history and theory of architecture in classroom lectures, but don’t gain hands-on experience in specialized drafting and design courses.

Master's degree doesn’t improve chances of finding work.

A large number of professional architects are self-employed

Graduates of accredited degree programs are required to work as assistants or interns for up to three years in most countries.

V. Answer the questions to the text.

1.What are the basic responsibilities of a home architect?

2.What are the educational requirements to become a home architect?

3.How long does it typically take to complete a bachelor's degree program in architecture?

4.Whatarethebenefitsofpursuingamaster'sdegreeinhomearchitecture?

5.What are the requirements for graduates of accredited degree programs in terms of work experience?

6.Where are internship programs for home architects commonly found?

7.What skills can improve an individual's chances of finding employment as a home architect?

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TRANSLATION

VI. Translate the following sentences into English:

1.Архитекторы проектируют резиденции всех типов, от небольших жилых комплексов до огромных особняков и поместий.

2.Они составляют первоначальные планы дома, а также подробные схемы для различных систем, включая водопровод, вентиляцию

иэлектрооборудование.

3.Человек, который хочет стать домовым архитектором, обычно должен получить по крайней мере степень бакалавра, получить несколько лет стажировки и сдать экзамены на получение лицензии.

4.В дополнение к формальным требованиям, человек может улучшить свои шансы на трудоустройство, развивая сильные коммуникационные и компьютерные навыки.

5.Во многих штатах и странах минимальным требованием для получения образования является получение степени бакалавра аккредитованного университета.

6.Программы бакалавриата по архитектуре обычно на год дольше, чем большинство программ; студенты дневного отделения могут ожидать около пяти лет курсовой работы.

7.Студенты имеют возможность ознакомиться с историей и теорией архитектуры на лекциях, а также приобрести практический опыт в специализированных курсах по разработке и дизайну.

8.После получения степени бакалавра многие люди могут устроиться на стажировку, но некоторые студенты выбирают дополнительные двухлетние магистерские планы для дальнейшего образования и повышения шансов на трудоустройство.

VII. Divide the text into paragraphs. Entitle each of them.

GRAMMAR IN CONTEXT

VIII. Put the words in the correct order to make questions.

1)residences/ designs/ of all types/ Who?

2)they/ do/ What/ draft?

3)many /years/ How/ of internship experience/ needed /is /a home /to become/architect?

4)can/ an individual/ his chances/ How/ improve?

5)abachelor’sdegree/is/educationalrequirement/the minimum/Where?

6)some/ What/ students/ do/ choose?

7)What/ better/ can/ an individual/ prepare/ in home architecture?

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IX. Put questions to the words in italics. Make up general, alternative, and disjunctive questions to each sentence.

1.Home architects design residences of all types.

2.Bachelor's degree programs in architecture typically take about one year longer than most programs.

3.Many people are able to find internship positions after obtaining bachelor's degrees.

4.An individual can improve his or her chances of finding employment by developing strong communication and computer skills.

5.The minimum educational requirement to become a home architect in many states and countries is a bachelor's degree from an accredited university.

6.Many people are able to find internship positions after obtaining bachelor's degrees.

7.Some students choose to pursue additional two-year master's degree

plans to further their education.

8. In addition to the formal requirements, an individual can improve his or her chances of finding employment by developing strong communication and computer skills.

9. Architects draft the initial blueprints for a home along with detailed schematics for various systems, including plumbing, ventilation, and electrical units.

10. The minimum educational requirement to become a home architect in many states and countries is a bachelor's degree from an accredited university.

Control questions

1.Discuss the following questions.

What do home architects design?

Educational requirement to become a home architect

2.Comment on the following topic.

HOME ARCHITECT

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SECTION II

ARCHITECTURE

UNIT 5. History of architecture

ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY

1.evolution [ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n] – эволюция

2.ages [ˈeɪdʒɪz] – век, эпоха, эра

3.geography [dʒɪˈɒɡrəfi] – география

4.civilization [ˌsɪvɪlʌɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n] – цивилизация

5.transnational [ˌtrænzˈnæʃ.ən.əl] – транснациональный

6.throughout [θruːˈaʊt] – через; повсюду

7.rival [ˈrʌɪv(ə)l] – соперник

8.roughly [ˈrʌfli] – грубо; примерно, приблизительно

9.human [ˈhjuːmən] – человек

10.consider [kənˈsɪdə] – рассмотреть

11.cave [keɪv] – пещера

12.visual [ˈvɪʒ(j)ʊəl] – визуальный

13.attractiveness [əˈtræktɪvnəs] – привлекательность

14.desire [dɪˈzʌɪə] – копировать

15.artefact [ˈɑː.tɪ.fækt] – артефакт

16.intriguing [ɪnˈtriː.ɡɪŋ] – интригующий

17.feature [ˈfiːtʃə] – особенность, характерная черта

18.elegant [ˈɛlɪɡ(ə)nt] – элегантный, изысканный

19.brutal [ˈbruːt(ə)l] – жестокий, суровый

20.modern [ˈmɒd(ə)n] – современный

21.vernacular [vəˈnakjʊlə] – народный, местный, разговорный

VOCABULARY PRACTICE

I.Match the words in the left column with their synonyms in the right:

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II. Match each of the following words with the correct definition:

1.consider

2.cave

3.visual

4.attractiveness

5.desire

6.artefact

7.intriguing

8.feature

9.elegant

10.brutal

11.modern

12.vernacular

a)to think about something carefully, especially in order to make a de-

cision;

b)violent and cruel;

c)of or connected with seeing or sight;

d)a large hole in the side of a hill orcliff or under the ground;

e)an object that is made by a person, especially something of historical or cultural interest;

f)a style of architecture used for ordinary houses rather than large public buildings;

g)a strong wish to have or do something;

h)something important, interesting or typical of a place or thing;

i)very interesting because of being unusual or not having an obvious answer;

j)attractive and showing a good sense of style;

k)the quality of being pleasant to look at or experience;

l)of the present time or recent times.

Read the text for obtaining information

History of architecture is the study of the evolution of architecture through the ages and across a wide range of geographies and cultural contexts. From the Mesopotamian civilization to the Egyptians and Greeks, architectural history is a transnational one. In the following article you will learn more about different architectural eras and styles throughout history.

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