English for postgraduate students. Учебное пособие
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Unit 5. Translating scientific papers
4) дополнения:
• прямого дополнения:
I remember having applied for this grant some years ago.
Я помню, что я подавал грантовую заявку несколько лет назад;
• предложного дополнения обычно после глаголов, прилагательных, причастий, требующих после себя определенных предлогов: to depend (on, upon), to result (in), to insist (on), to object (to), to succeed (in),tothink(of),tohear(of),tobefondof,tobeproudof,tobeinterestedin.
He insists on doing research in the laboratory.
Он настаивает на проведении исследования в лаборатории.
5) определения (после определяемого слова, с предлогом of
или for).
We used this method of studying the scientific data.
Мы использовали этот метод изучения научных данных.
6) обстоятельства(употребляетсявсегдаспредлогамиby,without, with, in, on, before, after, instead of, in addition to, because of, besides, thanks to и др.).
Instead of dealing with theoretical part of his thesis he began a new experiment.
Вместо того, чтобы проработать теоретическую часть своей диссертации, он начал новый эксперимент.
Exercise 12. Translate the sentences paying attention to the gerund.
1.Instead of producing thermoelectric devices our plant deals with generating power for various purposes.
2.They are interested in generating heat and cold from electricity.
3.Semiconductors are excellent means of generating heat and cold from electricity.
4.This method of examining a machine tool is connected with a new technology.
5.In spite of facing a lot of problems connected with a new machine the engineer goes on mending it.
6.Centrifugal training is an important element of preparing a space
flight.
7.The mechanic is keen on improving an out-of-date machine.
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English for postgraduate students
Модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты
В английском языке модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты (be able to, be allowed to, have to, be to) имеют несколько функций, выражающих возможность, запрет, вероятность, разрешение и т. д. Модальные глаголы (кроме эквивалентов) самостоятельно образуют вопросительные и отрицательные предложения.
Функции: долг, обязанность, необходимость. Перевод: должен,
обязан, приходится, вынужден. must have to или has to (had to – will have to) be to (am/are/is to – was/were to – will be to) You must do your homework. Will you have to get up early? He was to work hard.
Перевод: мочь, уметь. can (could) be able to (am/are/is able to – was/were able to – will be able to) I could do it yesterday. He won’t be able to help. I can read in English.
Exercise 13. Translate the sentences paying attention to the modal
verbs.
1.In the first place, we have been able to represent architecture in its complexity (i.e., architecture represented as a complex system), increasing the amount of information that is stored about an architectural object.
2.This pressure system do not have to be specified.
3.To transform this concept of movement in architecture, we should consider both the dynamic possibilities of the design elements as well as the option of tracing motion in a static form.
4.In order to make this hydro power station a whole number of highly involved scientific and engineering problems had to be solved.
5.Therefore, a form could be considered a spatial memory of certain movement in space-time.
6.That inevitable dual transformation allows controlling the design in a more flexible way.
7.Bad news should be broken gently and good news all at once.
8.Such a corrupt and despotic government must in itself be weak just when a government ought to be strong.
9.This could therefore help to deal with a multitude of objects and subjects at once.
10.Specialtechniqueshavehadtobeadvisedforsolvingtheproblem.
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Unit 5. Translating scientific papers
11.They will, in general, have to be content with the data available.
12.On another level,Fuller’s influence mightalso be feltin “Planning for Productivity” and “Development Index”, based on his involvement in systems theory.
13.The planner must ensure the feasibility of this strategy.
14.We will be able to analyze and understand the organization of design objects and processes, so that we can advance in the translation of architecture to the world of organization.
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SELF – ASSESSMENT PROGRESS TESTS
Test 1
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Тестовое задание (Английский язык) |
Ответы |
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Circle the appropriate letter |
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Adegree is: |
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a) a document certifying smth |
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b) an academic qualification |
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c) a term denoting smth |
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d) a stage in a scale |
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Adegree is awarded: |
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a) after completion of an essay |
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b) after granting smth |
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c) on completion of a research and educational course |
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d) after getting a license |
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Doctor of Philosophy or PhD [,pi:eit∫'di:] is awarded: |
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a) on acceptance of a thesis |
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b) after an original idea |
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c) after a contribution to knowledge |
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d) after a completion of a course study |
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Adiploma is: |
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a) a plural form of a diplomat |
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b) art or skill in smth |
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c) a new qualification |
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d) an educational certificate |
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Adiploma usually differs from a degree in that it ... |
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a) is of a higher standard |
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b) is awarded by university |
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c) is of a lower standard, awarded by non-university |
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d) is a vocational, less academic, awarded by non-university |
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Acertificate is ... |
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a) a general word denoting any document |
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b) an award granting by a college of education |
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c) a document certifying a completion of a course study |
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d) a paperback file |
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Self – assessment progress tests
№ |
Тестовое задание (Английский язык) |
Ответы |
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An English equivalent for «Свидетельство об образовании» is: |
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a) certificate of birth |
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7 |
b) certificate of health |
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c) certificate of education |
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d) marriage certificate |
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An English equivalent for «Медицинское свидетельство» is: |
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a) certificate of health |
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b) certificate of education |
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c) marriage certificate |
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d) certificate of birth |
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An English equivalent for «Свидетельство о рождении» is: |
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a) certificate of education |
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9 |
b) certificate of birth |
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c) certificate of health |
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d) marriage certificate |
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An English equivalent for «Свидетельство о браке» is: |
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a) certificate of birth |
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10 |
b) marriage certificate |
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c) certificate of health |
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d) certificate of education |
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Degree exams are ... |
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a) exams for a driving license |
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b) finals for a first degree |
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c) graduation exams |
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d) entrance exams |
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Adegree ceremony is ... |
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a) graduation ceremony |
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b) a religious ceremony |
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c) for a newly-weds |
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d) a special ceremony for awarding certificate and diplomas |
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Adegree certificate is ... |
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a) a written document |
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b) adocumentcertifyingthattheholderwasawardedadegree |
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c) a medical certificate |
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d) a certificate for diplomas |
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English for postgraduate students
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Тестовое задание (Английский язык) |
Ответы |
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AFirst degree is called … |
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a) Doctor’s degree |
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b) Master’s degree |
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c) Bachelor’s degree |
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d) a candidate of science |
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VIVAmeans: |
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a) an oral exam |
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b) a defense |
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c) a question |
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d) a discussion |
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The Master’s degree is awarded: |
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a) after a year’s postgraduate course |
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b) after finals |
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c) on acceptance of a thesis |
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d) before finals |
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The Master of Philosophy means a degree: |
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a) only for philosophy |
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b) for humanities |
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c) only for philosophy and arts |
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d) for all faculties |
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The obtained qualifications are called: |
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a) licence in education, diploma in teaching |
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b) certificate in education, degree in education |
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c) diploma in education, certificate in education |
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d) document in education, certificate in education |
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An English equivalent for «Диплом» is: |
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a) first degree, a diploma |
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b) a diploma, a certificate |
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c) a document, a paper |
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d) a degree, a certificate |
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Adegree course is a course: |
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a) for research workers |
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b) of study preparing students for a first degree |
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c) preparing students for high degrees |
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d) preparing students for finals |
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Self – assessment progress tests
Test 2
№ |
Тестовое задание (Английский язык) |
Ответы |
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Choose an English equivalent for the Russian sentence. |
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В настоящем докладе делается описание … |
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a) This paper aims at |
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b) This paper reports |
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c) This paper presents |
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d) This paper deals with |
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e) This paper describes |
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f) This paper examines |
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Choose an English equivalent for the Russian sentence. |
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В настоящем докладе сообщается о … |
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a) This paper aims at |
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b) This paper reports |
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c) This paper presents |
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d) This paper deals with |
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e) This paper describes |
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f) This paper examines |
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Choose an English equivalent for the Russian sentence. |
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В настоящем докладе представлен … |
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a) This paper aims at |
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b) This paper reports |
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c) This paper presents |
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d) This paper deals with |
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e) This paper describes |
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f) This paper examines |
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Choose an English equivalent for the Russian sentence. |
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Настоящий доклад имеет своей целью … |
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a) This paper aims at |
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b) This paper reports |
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c) This paper presents |
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d) This paper deals with |
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e) This paper describes |
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f) This paper examines |
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77
English for postgraduate students
№ |
Тестовое задание (Английский язык) |
Ответы |
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Choose an English equivalent for the Russian sentence. |
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В настоящем докладе исследуется ... |
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a) This paper aims at |
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b) This paper reports |
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c) This paper presents |
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d) This paper deals with |
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e) This paper describes |
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f) This paper examines |
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Choose an English equivalent for the Russian sentence. |
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В настоящем докладе рассматриваются … |
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a) This paper aims at |
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b) This paper reports |
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c) This paper presents |
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d) This paper deals with |
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e) This paper describes |
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f) This paper examines |
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Choose an English equivalent for the Russian sentence. |
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Настоящие данные охватывают период в … |
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a) Data on … are discussed |
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b) The design of the experiments was to ... |
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c) The methods used for … are discussed |
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d) The effect of … on … is discussed |
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e) Present data encompass the period of … |
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f) Amethod of … is proposed |
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Choose an English equivalent for the Russian sentence. |
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Обсуждается влияние … на … |
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a) Data on … are discussed |
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b) The design of the experiments was to … |
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c) The methods used for … are discussed |
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d) The effect of … on … is discussed |
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e) Present data encompass the period of … |
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f) Amethod of ... is proposed |
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78
Self – assessment progress tests
№ |
Тестовое задание (Английский язык) |
Ответы |
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Choose an English equivalent for the Russian sentence. |
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Обсуждаются данные по … |
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a) Data on … are discussed |
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b) The design of the experiments was to … |
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c) The methods used for … are discussed |
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d) The effect of … on … is discussed |
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e) Present data encompass the period of … |
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f) Amethod of ... is proposed |
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Choose an English equivalent for the Russian sentence. |
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Эксперименты были направлены на выявление … |
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a) Data on … are discussed |
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b) The design of the experiments was to … |
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c) The methods used for … are discussed |
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d) The effect of … on … is discussed |
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e) Present data encompass the period of … |
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f) Amethod of … is proposed |
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Choose an English equivalent for the Russian sentence. |
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Описываются методы, используемые для … |
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a) Data on … are discussed |
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11 |
b) The design of the experiments was to … |
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c) The methods used for … are discussed |
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d) The effect of … on … is discussed |
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e) Present data encompass the period of … |
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f) Amethod of … is proposed |
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Choose an English equivalent for the Russian sentence. |
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Предлагается метод … |
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a) Data on … are discussed |
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b) The design of the experiments was to … |
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c) The methods used for … are discussed |
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d) The effect of … on … is discussed |
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e) Present data encompass the period of … |
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f) Amethod of … is proposed |
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79
English for postgraduate students
№ |
Тестовое задание (Английский язык) |
Ответы |
Choose an English equivalent for the Russian sentence. Самые важные результаты имеют следующий вид …
13a) The results indicate the dominant role of …
b)The most important results are as follows …
c)The results of observations are supported …
Choose an English equivalent for the Russian sentence. Результаты указывают на доминирующую роль …
14a) The results indicate the dominant role of …
b)The most important results are as follows …
c)The results of observations are support …
Choose an English equivalent for the Russian sentence.
Результаты наблюдений дополняются ...
15a) The results indicate the dominant role of …
b)The most important results are as follows …
c)The results of observations are supported …
Choose an English equivalent for the Russian phrase «предварительная повестка дня»:
a) provisional agenda
16b) letter/notification of acceptance or rejection
c)opening/welcoming address
d)conference proceedings
e)to take the floor
Choose an English equivalent for the Russian phrase «вступительное слово»:
a) provisional agenda
17b) letter/notification of acceptance or rejection
c)opening/welcoming address
d)conference proceedings
e)to take the floor
Choose an English equivalent for the Russian phrase «сборник трудов конференции»:
a) provisional agenda
18b) letter/notification of acceptance or rejection
c)opening/welcoming address
d)conference proceedings
e)to take the floor
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