English for postgraduate students. Учебное пособие

Unit 3. Writing a research paper

3. It's incomplete.

•The article contains observations but it is not a full study.

•It discusses findings in relation to some of the work in the field but ignores other important work.

4. The procedures and/or analysis of the data is seen to be defective.

•The study lacked clear control groups or other comparison metrics.

•Thestudydidnotconformtorecognizedproceduresormethodology that can be repeated.

•The analysis is not statistically valid or does not follow the norms of the field.

5. The conclusions cannot be justified on the basis of the rest of the

paper.

•The arguments are illogical, unstructured or invalid.

•The data does not support the conclusions.

•The conclusions ignore large portions of the literature.

6.It's simply a small extension of a different paper, often from the same authors.

• Findings are incremental and do not advance the field.

• The work is clearly part of a larger study, chopped up to make as many articles as possible.

7.It is incomprehensible.

The language, structure, or figures are so poor that the merit can't be assessed. Have a native English speaker read the paper. Even if you are a native English speaker.

8. It is boring.

• It is not archival, is incremental or of marginal interest to the

field.

•The question behind the work is not of interest in the field.

•The work is not of interest to the readers of the specific journals.

(https://www.elsevier.com/connect/8-reasons-i-rejected-your-article)

3. Readthetextagaincarefully.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatements True or False. Justify your answers by what is said or implied in the text.

1. Notfollowingthetechnicalwritingstandardsetbyajournalcan’tbe the only reason for rejection of papers.

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English for postgraduate students

2.Your article may be rejected if references used do not have enough impact factor or they are too old.

3.Submission to multiple journals at the same time is allowed.

4.Flaws in the manuscript’s arguments and/or conclusions can’t lead to rejection.

5.Asimple enlargement of your previous paper may lead to rejection.

6.Ifthepaperisofnointerestorvaluetothejournal’saudience,itmay still be accepted.

7.Native English speakers shouldn’t care about their article proofreading.

4. Matchthewordsfromthearticlewiththeirdefinitions.Useadictionary if necessary.

5. Use the words from Exercise 4 to complete the sentences.

1.Most research proceeds by small ________ advances.

2.The conclusion was based on ________ or inaccurate information.

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Unit 3. Writing a research paper

3.The figures are likely to come under close ________.

4.However, this is ________ logic, based not on the presence of evidence but on its absence.

5.The writing ability of some of the researchers is so poor that their papers are almost ________.

6.These economies remain ________ because of their very narrow export bases in primary commodities.

7.I'm afraid that problem is outside the ________ of my lecture.

8.The results of the election were declared ________ by the court.

9.The book contains numerous ________ passages.

6.Make up 6 questions to the text above.

7. Role-play the following situation.

You are having a meeting with Editor-in-Chief of a high-quality scholarly journal.Ask him any questions how to publish a scientific paper in peer reviewed journal.

Writing

1. Write of an Abstract of your own paper or of a selected article in your own field of research. Use the sentence templates.

The article analyzes ________. As part of a long-term research effort aimed at ________. The objectives of this study were to: (1) determine

________; (2) analyze ________; (3) establish ________; and (4) discuss

________. The applicability of ________. The paper ends with a discussion of ________.

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UNIT 4. PREPARING AN ANNOTATION

Topical vocabulary: making a summary

Monograph – монография Chapter – глава

Section – раздел

Paragraph – параграф, абзац Illustrations – рисунки, пояснения

References – ссылки

List of literature – список литературы

Review – обзорная работа (обозрение) Paper – научная статья

Article (on) – статья (о, об) Report (on) – сообщать о (об)

The book under review – рассматриваемая (рецензируемая) книга Content – содержание

Material – материал (содержание работы) Deal (with) (dealt) – рассматривать (вопрос) Touch (upon) – касаться, затрагивать Devote to – посвящать, уделять внимание

Be addressed (to) – быть предназначенным, предназначаться (для), адресоваться

Question, problem, issue – вопрос, проблема Adisputable question – спорный вопрос

Avital question – насущный вопрос

Akey question – основной вопрос

Author – автор

The author of the article believes … – полагает … (considers … – считает …; explains … – объясняет …; describes … – описывает …; discusses … – обсуждает …; points out ... – указывает …; emphasizes ... –

подчеркивает …; comes to the conclusion … – приходит к выводу …). summary/abstract/précis – реферат

annotation – аннотация aim/purpose/object – цель intention – намерение

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Unit 4. Preparing an annotation

action – действие effect/function – роль, функция approach – подход method/technique – метод

sum up/summarize – подвести итог, подытожить, резюмировать assume – считать, допускать, полагать

consider – считать, рассматривать find/reveal – находить, обнаруживать maintain – утверждать

intend – намереваться

show/demonstrate – показывать, демонстрировать suppose/suggest – предполагать

report – сообщать

interpret – объяснять, интерпретировать think/reckon – считать

prove/give evidence – доказывать

call attention to – обращать чье-либо внимание на give/pay attention to – уделять внимание кому-то (чему-то) do away with – покончить с, отказаться от

make attempt – делать попытку, пытаться make mention of – упоминать о

make reference to – ссылаться

make use of – использовать, найти применение take account of – принимать во внимание, учитывать take advantage of – воспользоваться

take notice of – замечать, обращать внимание на

1.Pronunciation. Consult a dictionary and practice the pronunciation of the following words.

Monograph,disputable,issue,vital,references,constitutes,ubiquitous, valuable, durability, concept, premature, technologies, subsequent, imperial units, considered.

2.Match the words and their meanings.

1) monograph a) the end or final part of something

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1. Read the summary of the book “Civil Engineering Materials” written by Peter A. Claisse and answer the questions.

1.What is the title of the book under review ?

2.Who is the book written for ?

3.What is the purpose of the book ?

4.What subjects are included ?

5.Can you tell us how many parts does the book consist of ?

6.Do you think it’ll be interesting and useful for you ?

This book covers the construction materials content for undergraduate courses in Civil Engineering and related subjects, and will also be a valuable reference for professionals working in the construction industry. The topics are relevant to all the different stages of a course, starting with basic properties of materials and leading to more complex areas, such as the theory of concrete durability, and corrosion of steel.

The first 16 chapters cover the basic properties of materials, and how they aremeasured.Theserangefrombasicconceptsofstrengthtomorecomplextopics, such as diffusion and adsorption. The following 13 chapters cover cementitious

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Unit 4. Preparing an annotation

materials.Theproductionanduseofreinforcedconcrete,aswellasitsdurability, are considered in detail because this is the most ubiquitous material that is used in construction, and its premature failure is a massive problem worldwide. The subsequent chapters consider the other materials used in construction, including metals, timber, masonry, plastics, glass, and bitumens.The final chapters discuss examples of composites, and adhesives and sealants, and then cover a number of potentially important technologies that are currently being developed.

The book is intended for use both in the United Kingdom and the United States, as well as in other countries, so both metric and imperial units are discussed.

2. Retell the text by completing the following sentences.

1.This book covers …

2.The topics are relevant to …

3.The first 16 chapters cover …

4.The final chapters discuss examples of …

5.The book is intended for use …

Speaking and Vocabulary

1. Match Russian and English equivalents.

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English for postgraduate students

2. Work in pairs. Study examples of clichés, which can be used to make a summary. Complete the last column with your own examples. Compare your answers with a partner.

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Unit 4. Preparing an annotation

3 a. Work in pairs. Discuss these questions with your partner.

1.What is the title of the monograph ?

2.What does the monograph begin with (an introductory part; an acknowledgement; few general remarks) ?

3.What is each chapter preceded by (theoretical framework; methods, results and discussions) ?

4.What does the book touch upon (the new data in the sphere of …; the innovative techniques in; cutting-edge technologies) ?

5.Whatcontributiondoesthebookmadetoyourresearch(applications of new methods; positive effect of the work done in the field of; experimental technique) ?

3 b. Work in pairs. When making a summary, you may use the following plan:

1) theheading;2) thethemeofthepaper;3) thekeyproblems(thematic points) discussed; 4) the conclusion at which the author arrives. Make a summary of the monograph you deal with according to the plan.

Listening

1. Youaregoingtolistentothereport“Howcancountriesmakeprogress in global climate cooperation?” Put the following phrases in the order you hear them according to the example.

Greenhouse gas emissions, climate summits, effective climate treaty, distribution of costs, to employ sanctions, polluter-pays principle, online

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English for postgraduate students

survey experiment, to mitigate the negative consequences, to commit global climate packs, global warming, to keep track of smth.

2. Listen again. Read the summary and find five mistakes.

The research is titled “How can countries tackle climate change and mitigate the negative consequences of global warming?” Clearly, political leaders will not sign onto agreements that are not cost-effective and even if theydid,onlyanagreementwithbroadpublicsupportacrosscountriesstands a chance it actually being implemented.

According to the author, possibility for climate treaties depends on the costs and features an agreement just like demand for a car depends on its price and options. Support for a climate treaty depends strongly on the agreements costs.

Our research suggests that the public values three features of a climate agreement: the distribution of costs, membership and enforcement.

It is concluded that politicians can design more attractive agreements by including many countries, by creating an independent monitoring body to keep track of whether countries are meeting their emission limits and by employing small sanctions for countries that miss their obligations.

Language Focus: Grammar

1. Fill in the gaps with the correct preposition.

1.Путем проведения экспериментов они решили эту проблему. … making experiments they solved this problem (on / by/ in).

2.Без анализа результатов эксперимента они не могут решить эту проблему.

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