Учимся работать с текстом. Учебное пособие по переводу и развитию навыков чтения с английского языка на русский для студентов технических специальност

Федеральное агентство связи

Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Сибирский государственный университет телекоммуникаций и информатики»

(СибГУТИ)

Ю. В. Панова

Учимся работать с текстом

Учебное пособие по переводу и развитию навыков чтения с английского языка на русский

для студентов технических специальностей

Новосибирск

2017

УДК 42(075.8)

Утверждено редакционно-издательским советом СибГУТИ

Рецензенты: к.т.н., доцент Кокорич М. Г. к.т.н., доцент Приставка П.А.

Панова Ю.В. Учимся работать с текстом : Учебное пособие по переводу и развитию навыков чтения с английского языка на русский для студентов технических специальностей / Сибирский государственный университет телекоммуникаций и информатики. – Новосибирск, 2017. – 28 с.

Учебное пособие с заданиями по развитию навыков чтения, перевода и реферирования с английского языка предназначено студентам, обучающимся по очной форме на первом и втором курсах факультетов МРМ, ИВТ, МТС и АЭС для аудиторной и самостоятельной работы.

В задачи пособия входят подготовка студентов к чтению специальной научно-технической литературы, обучение грамотному переводу и извлечению необходимой информации из текста для формирования способностей к коммуникации в устной и письменной формах на русском и иностранных языках для решения задач межличностного и межкультурного взаимодействия согласно ФГОС.

Кафедра иностранных и русского языков

©Панова Ю.В., 2017

©Сибирский государственный университет телекоммуникаций и информатики, 2017

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Оглавление

Unit 1……………………………………………………………………………4

Unit 2……………………………………………………………………………7

Unit 3……………………………………………………………………………10

Unit 4……………………………………………………………………………13

Unit 5……………………………………………………………………………16

Unit 6……………………………………………………………………………19

Unit 7……………………………………………………………………………22

Unit 8……………………………………………………………………………25

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Unit 1

Text 1: Wireless communication

Wireless сommunications are various telecommunications systems that use radio waves to carry signals and messages across distances. Wireless communications systems use devices called transmitters to generate radio waves. A microphone or other mechanism converts messages, like sounds or other data, into electronic impulses. The transmitters change, or modulate, the radio waves so they can carry the impulses, and then transmit the modulated radio signals across distances. Radio receivers pick up these signals and decode them back into original messages. Commercial radio and television are also wireless telecommunications system, but radio and television are mainly public broadcast services rather than personal communications systems.

Wireless communications allow people greater flexibility while communicating, because they do not need to remain at a fixed location, such as a home or office. Wireless technologies make communications services more readily available than traditional wire-based services (such as ordinary telephones), which require the installation of wires. This is useful in places where only temporary communications services are needed, such as at outdoor festivals or large sporting events. These technologies are also useful for communicating in remote locations, such as mountains, jungles, or deserts, where telephone service might not exist. Wireless services allow people to communicate while in a car, airplane, or other moving vehicle. Police, fire, and other emergency departments use two-way radio to communicate information between vehicles that are already responding to emergency calls, which saves valuable time. Construction and utility workers frequently use hand-held radios for short-range communication and coordination. Many businesspeople use wireless communications, particularly cellular radio telephones, to stay in contact with colleagues and clients while traveling.

All wireless communications devices use radio waves to transmit and receive signals. These devices operate on different radio frequencies so that signals from one device will not overlap and interfere with nearby transmissions from other devices.

2. Principles of Wireless Communications

Wireless communications begin with a message that is converted into an electronic signal by a device called a transmitter. The transmitter uses an oscillator to generate radio waves. The transmitter modulates the radio wave to carry the electronic signal and then sends the modified radio signal out through space, where it is picked up by a receiver. The receiver decodes, or demodulates, the radio wave and plays the decoded message over a speaker. Wireless communications provide more flexibility than wire-based means of communication. However, there are some drawbacks. Wireless communications are limited by the range of the transmitter (how far a signal can be sent), and since radio waves travel through the atmosphere, they can be disturbed by electrical interferences (such as lightning) that cause static.

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Wireless communications systems involve either one-way transmissions, in which a person merely receives notice of a message, or two-way transmissions, such as a telephone conversation between two people. An example of a device that sends one-way transmission is a pager, which is a radio receiver. When a person dials a pager number, the pager company sends a radio signal to the desired pager. The encoded signal triggers the pager circuitry and notifies the customer carrying the pager of the incoming call with a tone or a vibration, and often the telephone number of the caller. Advanced pagers can display short messages from the caller, or provide news updates or sports scores.

Two-way transmissions require both a transmitter and a receiver for sending and receiving signals. A device that functions as both a transmitter and a receiver is called a transceiver. Cellular radio telephones and two-way radios use transceivers, so that back-and-forth communication between two people can be maintained. Early transceivers were very large, but they have decreased in size due to advances in technology. Fixed-base transceivers, such as those used at police stations, can fit on a desktop, and hand-held transceivers have shrunk in size as well. Several current models of hand-held transceivers weigh less than 0.2 kg (0.5 lb).

Vocabulary:

wireless – беспроводной various –различный

to convert –преобразовывать, перерабатывать flexibility –гибкость, трансформируемость available –доступный

installation –внедрение, установка temporary –временный

wire-based service –проводная услуга to overlap – перекрывать, совпадать to interfere – вмешиваться, мешать vehicle – транспортное средство oscillator – осциллятор, генератор to disturb –нарушать

to involve –включать

to trigger – вызывать, переключать to maintain – поддерживать cellular – сотовый, клеточный pager circuitry – схема пейджера

fixed-base transceiver – фиксированный (стационарный) приемопередатчик hand-held transceiver – переносной (портативный) приемопередатчик shrunk –сокращение, уменьшение, сжимание

1. Answer the questions:

1.Why do wireless communications use transmitters?

2.What is the function of transmitters?

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3.Why do wireless communications provide people with greater flexibility?

4.Where are wire-base services used?

5.Where can wireless communications be used?

6.Why do wireless communication devices operate on different radio frequencies?

7.What does the transmitter use to generate radio waves?

8.What is the function of receiver?

9.What types of transmissions do wireless communications use?

10.What is the transceiver?

2. Match the following words in order to get the word combinations:

Make sentences with the above-mentioned word combinations

3. Decide True/False or Not stated

1.Wireless communications allow people greater flexibility while communicating, because they stay at a fixed location.

2.The transmitter uses a receiver to generate radio waves.

3.Headphones convert sounds into electrical impulses.

4.The receiver demodulates the radio wave and plays the decoded message over a speaker.

5.Two-way transmissions require both a transmitter and a transceiver for sending and receiving signals.

6.Almost every wireless communication device uses radio waves to transmit and receive signals.

7.Wire-base technologies are useful for communicating in remote locations.

8.A device that functions as both a transmitter and a receiver is called a transceiver.

9.Wireless communications provide less flexibility than wire-based means of communication.

10.Wireless communications begin with a message that is converted into an electronic signal by a device called a transmitter.

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Unit 2

Text 2: RUMPEL

RUMPEL, a ground-breaking hyperdata web browser that makes it simpler for people to access and use online data about themselves, is being rolled out to the public this month.

RUMPEL gives users the ability to browse their very own private and secure 'personal data wardrobe' – called a HAT (Hub-of-all-Things) – which collates data about them held on the internet (eg on social media, calendars and their own smartphones, with the possibility of also including shopping, financial and other personal data) and allows them to control, combine and share it in whatever way they wish.

Developed at WMG, University of Warwick, with Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) funding, internet users can now try out RUMPEL when they get their own HAT. You can sign up to get a HAT and use RUMPEL here.

The first of its kind, this new browser makes it easy to visualise, understand and organise all kinds of personal data, much of which has been hard to access in the past. Plans are under way to include automated and personalised suggestions, prompts and reminders based on users' needs, habits and lifestyles – for example, prioritising news-feed items based on your interests, or helping to inform decisions about what concert or movie to see taking into account where exactly you are and what you have enjoyed previously.

RUMPEL's development has been part of the overall Hub-of-All-Things (HAT) initiative, a £1.2 million Research Councils UK digital economy project, involving six UK universities – Warwick, Cambridge, Edinburgh, Nottingham, Surrey and the University of the West of England – plus a host of industry partners and advisors including Dyson, Arup and GlaxoSmithKline.

Professor Irene Ng of WMG, University of Warwick, who has led RUMPEL's development, says: "It's time for people to claim their data from the internet. The aim of RUMPEL is to empower users and enable them to be served by the ocean of data about them that's stored in all kinds of places online, so that it benefits them and not just the businesses and organisations that harvest it. The strapline 'Your Data, Your Way' reflects our determination to let people lead smarter lives by bringing their digital lives back under their own control."

RUMPEL is compatible with all computer Operating Systems and it excludes all third parties, advertisements and 'hard selling'. It is also being made available as an open source programme, under Mozilla Public License managed by the HAT Community Foundation and available here.

Professor Ng comments: "We want to get thousands of people all over the world to try out RUMPEL and experience for themselves how it can help them make better decisions, save them time and save them money by exchanging their personal data in a privacy-preserving manner. We hope this initial roll-out is just

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the first step in a process that puts people right at the heart of the internet in future."

Vocabulary:

Ground-breaking – инновационный, новаторский To rollout – выводить на рынок

To collate – сравнить, сопоставить Abilityспособность, возможность

Personalized suggestion – индивидуальное предложение Prioritize – отдавать предпочтение

Previous - предыдущий Development – развитие, разработка To empower – предоставить право

To enable – разрешить

Determination – решение, цель (в данном контексте) Strapline – слоган

Compatible – совместимый

“Hard selling” – настойчивое рекламирование товара

To exclude – исключить Available – доступный

1. Answer the following questions:

1.What can users do with the help of RUMPEL?

2.What is the function of a HAT?

3.What is meant under the personal data?

4.What is the aim of RUMPEL?

5.What does the strapline 'Your Data, Your Way' mean?

6.What operating systems is RUMPEL compatible with?

7.Give the explanation of HAT

2. Match the synonyms:

Paraphrase the sentences given in the text using the above-given synonyms

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3. Finish the sentences

1.This month RUMPEL ……

2.Users have the ability…..

3.HAT compares…

4.University of Warwick……

5.RUMPEL makes its easy ….

6.The purpose of RUMPEL …..

7.The strapline 'Your Data, Your Way' shows…

8.RUMPEL excludes….

9.RUMPEL is available as…

10.RUMPEL is compatible……

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Unit 3

Text 3: Holographic Versatile Disc

HVD (Holographic Versatile Disc) is the next generation in optical disk technology. HVD is still in a research phase that would phenomenally increase the disk storage capacities over the currently existing HD DVD and Blu-ray optical disk systems. According to published statistics, when produced in full scale, HVDs will have a storage capacity of 3.9 terabytes (39,000 GB) and a data transfer rate of 1 GB/s, which is at least six times more than the speed of DVD players. This would, without a doubt, become a giant step in revolutionizing the disk storage industry.

Some industry experts call HVDs a next-next generation technology. This inference is a direct reference to the enormous storage capacity HVDs offer compared to HD DVD and Blu-ray optical disk systems, both of which are yet to replace DVDs for mass optical storage. HD DVD and Blu-ray optical disk systems offer a storage capacity of 75 and 90 GB respectively, but neither comes anywhere near the massive storage capacity of HVD.

HVD Technology

HVD uses a technology called 'collinear holography,' in which two laser rays, one blue-green and one red, are collimated into a single beam. The role of the bluegreen laser is to read the data encoded in the form of laser interference fringes from the holographic layer on the top, while the red laser serves the purpose of a reference beam and also to read the servo info from the aluminum layer – like in normal CDs – near the bottom of the disk. The servo info is meant to monitor the coordinates of the read head above the disk (this is similar to the track, head and sector information on a normal hard disk drive).

How do the laser beams selectively pass through the layers? A layer of dichroic mirrors that exists between the holographic and servo data layer reflects back the blue-green laser beam, letting only the red laser pass through it to reach the servo information. By doing so, it actually eliminates the possible chances of the interference that can happen due to the refraction of blue-green laser off the servo data pits, a problem that had affected the efficiency of many holographic storage media in the past.

Vocabulary:

HVD (Holographic Versatile Disc) – голографический DVD

HD DVD (High Definition Digital Visual Disc) – диск с записями высокого разрешения, использующий синий лазер

Blu-ray optical disk system – система оптического диска Blu-ray Storage capacity – ёмкость ЗУ, объём памяти

inference – вывод, заключение, предположение

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