Учимся работать с текстом. Учебное пособие по переводу и развитию навыков чтения с английского языка на русский для студентов технических специальност

2. Match the following words in order to get the word combinations:

Make sentences with the above-mentioned word combinations.

3. Finish the sentences

1.The universe is dominated by…

2.The study is published in….

3.The "standard model" of cosmology is…

4.There now exists a much bigger database of supernovae on which…

5.An analogous example in this context…

6.There is other data available that…

7.There is indeed a subtle effect…

8.A more sophisticated theoretical framework accounting for the observation that…

9.Professor Sarkar added that their work serves …

10.This will motivate….

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Unit 7

Text 7: Can we economically outgrow climate change damages?

When hurricanes like Katrina in 2005 or Sandy in 2012 impact on highly populated regions they bring about tremendous damages. More than 50 percent of all weather-related economic losses on the globe are caused by damages due to tropical cyclones. Researchers from the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK) now analyzed the magnitude of future hurricane losses in relation to economic growth. Showcasing the United States they found that financial losses per hurricane could triple by the end of the century in unmitigated climate change, while annual losses could on average rise by a factor of eight. Most importantly and contrary to prevalent opinion, they conclude that economic growth will not be able to counterbalance the increase in damage.

"So far, historical losses due to tropical cyclones have been found to increase less than linearly with a nation's affected gross domestic product (GDP)," Tobias Geiger explains. "However, if you analyze losses with respect to per capita income and population growth separately, this reveals a different picture: Our analysis for the United States shows that high income does not protect against hurricane losses. As the number and intensity of tropical cyclones is projected to increase under unchecked global warming, by the end of the century average hurricane losses with respect to national GDP could triple."

The researchers worked with cutting-edge models linking the storm's wind speed, the exposed population, and per capita GDP to reported losses, using a newly designed data set for socio-economic and hazard-related predictors. "We used information about historical hurricane tracks for the Eastern United States to identify the connection between the affected population, average per capital income and associated damages," KatjaFrieler adds. "Finally, we applied this relationship to thousands of potential future hurricane tracks that could affect the Eastern United States until 2100 under different levels of global warming."

Climate change and its consequences: how much can we adapt to?

"Some people hope that a growing economy will be able to compensate for the damages caused by climate change – that we can outgrow climate change economically instead of mitigating it. But what if damages grow faster than our economy, what if climate impacts hit faster than we are able to adapt?," Anders Levermann says. "We find that this is the case with hurricane damages in the United States, the hope in economic growth as an answer to climate change is illfounded. While adaptation to unavoidable impacts of global warming is important, climate mitigation remains of vital relevance to prevent or damp still avoidable consequences."

Vocabulary:

to impact –влиять

economic loss –экономический убыток unmitigated – абсолютный, полный

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to counterbalance – уравновесить, возместить linearly – линейно, поступательно

GDP (gross domestic product) – ВВП Population growth – рост населения

To reveal – открыть, обнаружить cutting-edge – передовой, новейший predictor – предиктор, прогнозатор to mitigate – смягчить, уменьшить unavoidable – неизбежный

vital relevance – жизненная потребность, необходимость to prevent – предотвращать

consequence – последствие

1. Answer the questions:

1.What causes more than 50% of all weather-related economic losses?

2.What is the analysis of the magnitude of the future losses connected with?

3.What can happen with the financial losses by the end of the year?

4.What happens if you analyze the losses with respect to per capita income and population growth separately?

5.Why does climate mitigation remain of vital relevance?

6.Why did researches use the information about the historical hurricane tracks?

7.What do some people think about growing economy?

2. Match the following words in order to get the word combinations:

Make sentences with the above-mentioned word combinations

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3. Translate the following sentences into Russian:

1.The researchers worked with cutting-edge models linking the storm's wind speed, the exposed population, and per capita GDP to reported losses.

2.More than 50 percent of all weather-related economic losses on the globe are caused by damages due to tropical cyclones.

3.We used information about historical hurricane tracks for the Eastern United States to identify the connection between the affected population, average per capital income and associated damages.

4.Researchers from the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK) now analyzed the magnitude of future hurricane losses in relation to economic growth.

5.Some people hope that a growing economy will be able to compensate for the damages caused by climate change.

6.As the number and intensity of tropical cyclones is projected to increase under unchecked global warming, by the end of the century average hurricane losses with respect to national GDP could triple.

7.Historical losses due to tropical cyclones have been found to increase less than linearly with a nation's affected gross domestic product.

8.While adaptation to unavoidable impacts of global warming is important, climate mitigation remains of vital relevance to prevent or damp still avoidable consequences.

9.Our analysis for the United States shows that high income does not protect against hurricane losses.

10.Showcasing the United States they found that financial losses per hurricane could triple by the end of the century in unmitigated climate change.

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Unit 8

Text 8: What is a computer?

Computers are electronic machines which can accept data in a certain form, process the data and give the results of the processing in a specified format as information.

Three basic steps are involved in the process. First, data is fed into the computer's memory. Then, when the program is run, the computer performs a set of instructions and processes the data. Finally, we can see the results (the output) on the screen or in printed form.

Information in the form of data and programs is known as software, and the electronic and mechanical parts that make up a computer system are called hardware. A standard computer system consists of three main sections: the central processing unit (CPU), the main memory and the peripherals.

Perhaps the most influential component is the central processing unit. Its function is to execute program instructions and coordinate the activities of all the other units. In a way, it is the ‘brain’ of the computer. The main memory holds the instructions and data which are currently being processed by the CPU. The peripherals are the physical units attached to the computer. They include storage devices and input/output devices.

Storage devices (floppy, hard or optical disks) provide a permanent storage of both data and programs. Disk drives are used to handle one or more floppy disks. Input devices enable data to go into the computer's memory. The most common input devices are the mouse and the keyboard. Output devices enable us to extract the finished product from the system. For example, the computer shows the output on the monitor or prints the results onto paper by means of a printer.

On the rear panel of the computer there are several ports into which we can plug a wide range of peripherals – modems, fax machines, optical drives and scanners.

These are the main physical units of a computer system, generally known as the configuration.

Computers and microchips have become part of our everyday lives: we visit shops and offices which have been designed with the help of computers, we read magazines which have been produced on computer, we pay bills prepared by computers. Just picking up a telephone and dialling a number involves the use of a sophisticated computer system, as does making a flight reservation or bank transaction.

What makes your computer such a miraculous device? Each time you turn it, on, it is a tabula rasa that, with appropriate hardware and software, is capable of doing anything you ask. It is a calculating machine that speeds up financial calculations. It is an electronic, filing cabinet which manages large collections of data such as customers' lists, accounts, or inventories? It is a magical typewriter that allows you to type and print any kind of document — letters, memos or legal documents. It is a personal communicator that enables you to interact with other

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computers and with people around the world. If you like gadgets and electronic entertainment, you can even use your PC to relax with computer games.

Vocabulary:

to execute, to perform – выполнять software – программное обеспечение hardware – комплектующие, «железо» to consist of – состоять из

influential component – значимый компонент to attach – прикреплять

storage device – устройство хранения input/output device – устройствоввода/вывода a floppy disk – дискета, гибкий диск permanent – постоянный

to handle – управлять

to enable –способствовать to extract –извлекать

central processing unit – центральный процессор main memory – оперативная память, основное ЗУ peripherals – периферийные устройства

disc drive – дисковод keyboard – клавиатура rear panel – задняя панель

1. Answer the questions:

1.What are the functions of computer?

2.What are three basic steps involved in the process?

3.What is the software?

4.What is the hardware?

5.What does the standard computer consist of?

6.What does the most important part of the computer do?

7.What is the function of main memory?

8.What is the function of disc drive?

9.What is the function of input device?

10.What is the function of output device?

2. Match the following words in order to get the word combinations:

Make sentences with the above-mentioned word combinations

3. Finish the sentences:

1.Configuration is….

2.The computer performs…

3.A standard computer system consists of…

4.The function of CPU is ….

5.The rear panel has….

6.Storage devices serve for….

7.Disc drives are used ….

8.The main memory holds…

9.Input devices enables…

10.Output device enables…

Список литературы

1.ScienceDaily http://www.sciencedaily.com (Дата обращения: 15.12.2016).

2.Tech faq http://tech-faq.com (Дата обращения 20.11. 2016).

3.Wired http://www.wired.com (Дата обращения 10.09.2016).

4.Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org (Дата обращения 20.01.2017).

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Учебное издание

Ю. В. Панова

Учимся работать с текстом

Учебное пособие по переводу и развитию навыков чтения с английского языка на русский

для студентов технических специальностей

Редактор: Т. С. Ильина

Корректор: И. Л. Гончарова

Принято редакционно-издательским советом № 2 от 07.11.2017, подписано в печать 20.11.2017,

п. л. 1,8, заказ № 144, 28 стр., электронная версия – 300 Кб

Редакционно-издательский отдел СибГУТИ 630102, г. Новосибирск, ул. Кирова, 86, офис 105 тел. (383) 269-83-56

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