Подбор оборудования приточных вентиляционных установок (кондиционеров) типа КЦКП. Методические указания к курсовому и дипломному проектированию для ст
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МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И НАУКИ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ
Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования
«МОСКОВСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ СТРОИТЕЛЬНЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ»
ǹǺǸǶǰǺǭdzȄǺǪǶ
Институт инженерно-экологического строительства и механизации
Кафедра отопления и вентиляции
ʿʽʪʥʽˀ ʽʥʽˀ˄ʪʽʦʤʻʰ˔ ʿˀʰ˃ʽˋʻˏˈ ʦʫʻ˃ʰʸ˔ˉʰʽʻʻˏˈ ˄ˁ˃ʤʻʽʦʽʶ ΈʶʽʻʪʰˉʰʽʻʫˀʽʦΉ˃ʰʿʤ ʶˉʶʿ
ǴȍȚȖȌȐȟȍșȒȐȍ țȒȈȏȈȕȐȧ Ȓ ȒțȘșȖȊȖȔț Ȑ ȌȐȗȓȖȔȕȖȔț ȗȘȖȍȒȚȐȘȖȊȈȕȐȦ Ȍȓȧ șȚțȌȍȕȚȖȊ ȖȉțȟȈȦȡȐȝșȧ ȗȖ ȗȘȖȋȘȈȔȔȍ ȉȈȒȈȓȈȊȘȐȈȚȈ ȗȖ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȦ ǹȚȘȖȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ȗȘȖȜȐȓȤ ©ǺȍȗȓȖȋȈȏȖșȕȈȉȎȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȊȍȕȚȐȓȧȞȐȧª
ǴȖșȒȊȈ
ɍȾɄ 697.1 ȻȻɄ 31.3:37
ɉ44
Ɋ ɟ ɰ ɟ ɧ ɡ ɟ ɧ ɬ ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ, ɞɨɰɟɧɬ Ⱥ.Ƚ. Ɋɵɦɚɪɨɜ
ɤɚɮɟɞɪɚ ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɢɢ ɎȽȻɈɍ ȼɉɈ «ɆȽɋɍ»
ɋɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɶ ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ Ɉ.Ⱦ. ɋɚɦɚɪɢɧ
ɉ44 ɉɨɞɛɨɪ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ (ɤɨɧɞɢɰɢɨɧɟɪɨɜ) ɬɢɩɚ ɄɐɄɉ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɤɭɪɫɨɜɨɦɭ ɢ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɦɭ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ, ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ ɛɚɤɚɥɚɜɪɢɚɬɚ ɩɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɋɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ, ɩɪɨɮɢɥɶ «Ɍɟɩɥɨɝɚɡɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɢɹ» / Ɇ ɜɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɚɭɤɢ Ɋɨɫ. Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ, Ɇɨɫɤ. ɝɨɫ. ɫɬɪɨɢɬ. ɭɧ ɬ, ɤɚɮ. ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɢɢ ; ɫɨɫɬ. Ɉ.Ⱦ. ɋɚɦɚɪɢɧ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ :
ɆȽɋɍ, 2015. 32 ɫ.
ɋɨɞɟɪɠɢɬɫɹ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɤɭɪɫɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ ɩɨ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɟ «ȼɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɢɹ» ɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ. ɉɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɬɢɩɨɪɚɡɦɟɪɚ ɩɪɢɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɢ ɜɵɬɹɠɧɵɯ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ ɢ ɢɯ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ. ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɭ ɢ ɩɨɞɛɨɪɭ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɜɟɧɬɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɭɸ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɵ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɨɜ, ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɲɭɦɨɝɥɭɲɢɬɟɥɟɣ. ɍɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɚɦɢ ɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɦ ɫɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɵɦ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɦ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɜɫɟɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɛɚɤɚɥɚɜɪɢɚɬɚ ɩɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɋɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɶ «Ɍɟɩɥɨɝɚɡɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɢɹ»
ɍȾɄ 697.1 ȻȻɄ 31.3:37
© ɎȽȻɈɍ ȼɉɈ «ɆȽɋɍ»
ɈȻɓɂȿ ɉɈɅɈɀȿɇɂə
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɧɚ ɪɵɧɤɟ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɧɨɜɢɞɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɪɢɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ ɢ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɞɢɰɢɨɧɟɪɨɜ ɨɬ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ, ɨɬɜɟɱɚɸɳɢɯ ɜɫɟɦ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɤ ɬɚɤɨɦɭ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɸ. Ʉɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɛɚɤɚɥɚɜɪ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪ ɨɛɹɡɚɧ ɭɦɟɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɩɨɞɛɢɪɚɬɶ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɢɢ ɢ ɤɨɧɞɢɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɜ ɡɞɚɧɢɹɯ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ. ȼ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɨɣ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɵ «ȼɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɢɹ», ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɜɥɚɞɟɬɶ ɧɚɜɵɤɚɦɢ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɨɝɨ, ɧɨ ɢ ɪɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɛɨɪɚ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɫɟɛɟ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɵ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ, ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɜ ɟɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɯ ɩɪɢ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ. ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɚɹ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨ ɫɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɚɹ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɧɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ, ɢɥɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɧɟ ɜ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɦɟɪɟ ɇɚɫɬɨɹɳɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɡɜɚɧɵ ɜɨɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɛɟɥ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɜɟɞɭɳɢɯ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ. ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɮɢɪɦɨɣ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɦɢ ɩɨ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɞɛɨɪɭ ɢ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ [1]
ȼɕȻɈɊ ɌɂɉɈɊȺɁɆȿɊȺ ɂ ɈɉɊȿȾȿɅȿɇɂȿȽȺȻȺɊɂɌɈȼ ɍɋɌȺɇɈȼɄɂ
ɉɨɞɛɨɪ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ (ɤɨɧɞɢɰɢɨɧɟɪɨɜ) ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɤɨɧɞɢɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ Lɫɢɫɬ, ɦ /ɱ, ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɜ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɟ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɵ ɝɨɞɚ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɜ I-d ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɟ. ȼɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ Lɫɢɫɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɬɢɩɨɪɚɡɦɟɪ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɢ ɟɟ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɟ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɟ, ɹɜɥɹɸɳɟɟɫɹ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɦ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɫɟɤɰɢɣ. ȼɵɛɨɪ ɬɢɩɨɪɚɡɦɟɪɚ ɢ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 1 ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɜ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɢ. ɋɩɨɫɨɛ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɧɚɛɨɪ ɫɟɤɰɢɣ. Ɉɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɜ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɡɚ-
ɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɧɚɛɨɪɚ ɫɟɤɰɢɣ: ɩɪɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɟɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɬɶ ɞɨ 3 – 4 ɦ/ɫ, ɩɪɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɨɯɥɚɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɷɬɚ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɬɶ 5 ɦ/ɫ ɞɥɹ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɬɟɪɶ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɨ ɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟ ɭɧɨɫɚ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɚ. Ⱦɥɢɧɚ ɫɟɤɰɢɣ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚɯ ɢ 1ɚ
ɉɪɢɦɟɪ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɬɢɩɨɪɚɡɦɟɪɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɢ ɧɚɛɨɪɚ ɫɟɤɰɢɣ
ɉɭɫɬɶ Lɫɢɫɬ = 10000 ɦ /ɱ. ɉɨ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 1 ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɨɝɨ ɧɚɛɨɪɚ ɫɟɤɰɢɣ (ɫɦ. ɧɢɠɟ) ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɨɤɨɥɨ 2 5 ɦ/ɫ (ɫɦ. ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩ.3) ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɬɢɩɨɪɚɡɦɟɪ ɄɐɄɉ ɫ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɦɢ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɵɦɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚɦɢ 1300× h) ɦɦ ɜ ɩɪɚɜɨɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɩɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɟ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɨɪɚɡɦɟɪɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɚ ɜ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɚɯ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɢ ɩɨɞɛɨɪɚ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɟɤɰɢɣ. ɉɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɢɦ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɭɸ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ: ɨɱɢɫɬɤɚ, ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɜɨɞɹɧɨɦ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɟ ɢ ɚɞɢɚɛɚɬɧɨɟ ɭɜɥɚɠɧɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɮɨɪɫɭɧɨɱɧɨɣ ɤɚɦɟɪɟ ɢɥɢ ɫɨɬɨɜɨɦ ɭɜɥɚɠɧɢɬɟɥɟ (ɯɨɥɨɞɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ) ɢ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɨɫɭɲɤɚ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɜ ɜɨɞɹɧɨɦ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨɦ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɨɯɥɚɞɢɬɟɥɟ (ɬɟɩɥɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ). Ɍɨɝɞɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɣ ɧɚɛɨɪ ɫɟɤɰɢɣ: ɩɪɢɟɦɧɚɹ ɫ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɵɦ ɤɥɚɩɚɧɨɦ, ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜɚɥɶɧɚɹ, ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶ, ɫɟɤɰɢɹ ɭɜɥɚɠɧɟɧɢɹ, ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɨɯɥɚɞɢɬɟɥɶ, ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɧɚɹ, ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɚɹ ɲɭɦɨɝɥɭɲɢɬɟɥɶ ɢ ɛɥɨɤ ɫ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɤɥɚɩɚɧɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɯɥɨɩɚ ɜɜɟɪɯ (ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɲɭɦɨɝɥɭɲɢɬɟɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɦ – ɫɦ. ɩ.8).
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1
ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ ɄɐɄɉ ɢ ɢɯ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ
Lɧɨɦ |
Lmin |
Lmax |
ȼ |
ɇ |
lɩɩ |
lɩɪ |
lɹɮ |
lɤɮ |
lɤ |
lR |
lɫɭ |
lɮɤ |
lɜɟɧɬ |
lɜɫɤ |
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ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɹ: Lɧɨɦ – ɬɢɩɨɪɚɡɦɟɪ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɄɐɄɉ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɬɵɫ. ɦ /ɱ; Lmin Lmax – ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɢ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ, ɬɵɫ.ɦ /ɱ; ȼ ɇ – ɲɢɪɢɧɚ ɢ ɜɵɫɨɬɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ; lɩɩ – ɞɥɢɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɫ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɤɥɚɩɚɧɨɦ; lɩɪ – ɞɥɢɧɚ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɨɣ ɢ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɟɤɰɢɣ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ ɫ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɤɥɚɩɚɧɨɦ ɢ ɫɦɟɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ lɹɮ – ɞɥɢɧɚ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɟɤɰɢɢ (ɛɥɨɤ ɹɱɟɣɤɨɜɵɯ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜ – G lɤɮ – ɞɥɢɧɚ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɟɤɰɢɢ (ɛɥɨɤ ɤɚɪɦɚɧɧɵɯ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜ – G3 … F lɤ – ɞɥɢɧɚ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹ lɨ – ɞɥɢɧɚ ɜɨɞɹɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɨɯɥɚɞɢɬɟɥɹ ɫ ɤɚɩɥɟɭɥɨɜɢɬɟɥɟɦ lɫɭ – ɞɥɢɧɚ ɫɨɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɭɜɥɚɠɧɢɬɟɥɹ; lɮɤ – ɞɥɢɧɚ ɮɨɪɫɭɧɨɱɧɨɣ ɤɚɦɟɪɵ; lɜɟɧɬ – ɞɥɢɧɚ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɫɟɤɰɢɢ (ɞɥɹ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɨɜ ɞɜɭɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɟɝɨ ɜɫɚɫɵɜɚɧɢɹ lɜɫɤ – ɬɨ ɠɟ (ɞɥɹ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɨɜ ɬɢɩɚ «ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɟɫɨ» ȼɋɄ9). ȼɫɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɦɢɥɥɢɦɟɬɪɚɯ. ɉɪɚɜɨɟ ɢ ɥɟɜɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɜɫɟɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɬ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧɚ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɩɪɚɜɚ ɢɥɢ ɫɥɟɜɚ ɩɨ ɯɨɞɭ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ.
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Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1ɚ |
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Ⱦɥɢɧɚ ɫɟɤɰɢɣ ɲɭɦɨɝɥɭɲɟɧɢɹ |
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Ⱦɥɢɧɚ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɧ |
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Ⱦɥɢɧɚ ɫɟɤɰɢɢ, ɦɦ |
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lɩɥ. ɦ |
ɄɐɄɉ 3.15 … 8 |
ɄɐɄɉ 10 … 40 |
ɄɐɄɉ 50 … 100 |
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ɊȺɋɑȿɌ ȺɗɊɈȾɂɇȺɆɂɑȿɋɄɈȽɈ ɋɈɉɊɈɌɂȼɅȿɇɂə ɉɊɂȿɆɇɈɃ ɂ ɎɂɅɖɌɊɈȼȺɅɖɇɈɃ ɋȿɄɐɂɃ
Ⱥɷɪɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɨɣ ɫɟɤɰɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɫ
ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɤɥɚɩɚɧɨɦ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ: Ɋɩɪ |
]Υvɜ |
, ɉɚ, ɝɞɟ ȗ – ɤɨ- |
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ɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɪɚɜɧɵɣ 3 65 ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɨɣ ɫɟɤɰɢɢ ɢ 2 6 ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɫ ɤɥɚɩɚɧɨɦ. Ɂɞɟɫɶ ȡ, ɤɝ/ɦ , ɢ vɜ, ɦ/ɫ – ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɜɨ ɮɪɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɨɣ ɫɟɤɰɢɢ. ɉɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɩɪɟ-
ɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ tɧ Υ |
353 |
ɤɝ/ɦ ; ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ – ɩɨ |
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273 tɧ |
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ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ vɜ |
Lɫɢɫɬ |
, ɝɞɟ fɝ.ɭ – ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɚ |
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fɝ.ɭ 3600 |
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ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ, ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɦɨɟ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɨɪɚɡɦɟɪɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɩɨ
ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ (ɫɦ. ɩ. ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɵ ɩɚɧɟɥɟɣ, ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɯ ɫɬɟɧɤɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɗɬɚ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɚ ɪɚɜɧɚ 50 ɦɦ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ fɝ.ɭ ȼ – ɇ – 100)·10 ɦ
ȼɵɛɨɪ ɬɢɩɚ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɡɚɩɵɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɱɢɳɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ: ɩɪɢ ɡɚɩɵɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ 1 ɦɝ/ɦ , ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɛɨɥɟɟ 10 ɦɤɦ ɢ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɨɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ 80% – ɹɱɟɣɤɨɜɵɟ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɵG3), ɩɪɢ ɡɚɩɵɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ 0 – 1 ɦɝ/ɦ – ɤɚɪɦɚɧɧɵɟ ɝɪɭɛɨɣ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ (G – G4), ɩɪɢ ɡɚɩɵɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɟɧɟɟ 0 5 ɦɝ/ɦ – ɤɚɪɦɚɧɧɵɟ ɬɨɧɤɨɣ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ (F – F ɉɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɞɜɟ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɢ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɢ (G F
Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɟ ɚɷɪɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɟɤɰɢɢ ǻɊɮFɭɱɟɬɨɦɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹɜɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢɨɬɤɥɚɫɫɚɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɢɩɨɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ
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Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 2 |
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Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɟɤɰɢɣ |
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Ʉɥɚɫɫ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɢ |
G |
G |
G |
F – F |
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Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ, ɉɚ |
150 (ɹɱɟɣɤɨɜɵɣ) |
250 (ɤɚɪɦɚɧɧɵɣ) |
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ɉɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɟɤɰɢɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɭɬɨɱɧɢɬɶ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɹ Lɫɢɫɬ ɨɬ Lɧɨɦ: ɬɚɛɥɢɱɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ǻɊɮ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɭɦɧɨɠɢɬɶ ɧɚ Lɫɢɫɬ Lɧɨɦ Ɉɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɟɤɰɢɣ: ɹɱɟɣɤɨɜɵɯ – ɎɹɍȻ (ɮɢɥɶɬɪɭɸɳɢɣ ɫɬɟɤɥɨɜɨɥɨɤɧɢɫɬɵɣ ɭɩɪɭɝɢɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ Ɏɋȼɍ), ɎɹȼȻ (ɜɢɧɢɩɥɚɫɬɨɜɵɟ ɝɨɮɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɟɬɤɢ), ɎɹɊȻ (ɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɟɬɤɢ); ɤɚɪɦɚɧɧɵɯ – ɎɆ 3 (ɫ ɬɪɟɦɹ ɤɚɪɦɚɧɚɦɢ, ɤɪɨɦɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ ɄɐɄɉ 63, 80, 100), ɎɆ 6 (ɫ ɲɟɫɬɶɸ ɤɚɪɦɚɧɚɦɢ).
ɉɪɢɦɟɪ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɚɷɪɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹɩɪɢɟɦɧɨɣ ɢ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɟɤɰɢɣ
ɉɭɫɬɶ Lɫɢɫɬ = 10000 ɦ /ɱ, tɧ – ɨɋ, ɡɚɩɵɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ 1 5 ɦɝ/ɦ ɉɨɞɛɨɪ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɟɞɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɄɐɄɉ (ɫɦ. ɩ.2). Ⱦɥɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɩɨ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ (ɫɦ. ɩ.2 ȼ = 1300 ɦɦ, ɇ = 1090 ɦɦ, ɬɨɝɞɚ fɝ.ɭ –
– 100)·10 |
ɦ ɨɬɫɸɞɚ |
vɜ |
10000 |
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ɦ/ɫ. ɉɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ |
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1,189 3600 |
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ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ |
Υ |
353 |
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441 ɤɝ/ɦ ; ɚɷɪɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ |
ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɨɣ |
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273 28 |
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ɫɟɤɰɢɢ |
Ɋ |
3,65 1,441 |
2,34 |
2 |
ɉɚ. Ⱦɥɢɧɚ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɨɣ ɫɟɤɰɢɢ ɦɦ (ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ |
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ɩɪ |
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1). ȼɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɫɟɤɰɢɸ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ G ɹɱɟɣɤɨɜɭɸ), ɬɨɝɞɚ ɟɟ ɚɷɪɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬ ǻɊɮ ɉɚ. Ⱦɥɢɧɚ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɟɤɰɢɢ0 ɦɦ (ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1). ɉɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɦ ɮɢɥɶɬɪ ɫ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɦ Ɏɋȼɍ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɟɤɰɢɢ – ɎɹɍȻ.
ɊȺɋɑȿɌ ȼɈȾəɇɕɏ ȼɈɁȾɍɏɈɇȺȽɊȿȼȺɌȿɅȿɃ
Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɫɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɬɟɩɥɨɬɵ ɢ ɤ ɜɵɛɨɪɭ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɧɢɤɚ, ɬ.ɟ. ɱɢɫɥɚ ɯɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɪɹɞɨɜ ɬɪɭɛɨɤ ɢ ɲɚɝɚ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɧ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɚɷɪɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɩɨɞɛɨɪɚ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɚ ɢ ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɜɨɞɟ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ: ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ Lɫɢɫɬ, ɦ /ɱ, ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɞɨ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹ (ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ tɧ ɢ tɤ ɨɋ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ I-d ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɟ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɝɪɟɸɳɟɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ ɢ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɢɡ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹ (ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ Ɍ ɢ Ɍ ɨɋ. Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ Ɍ ɢ Ɍ ɡɚɜɢɫɹɬ ɨɬ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɬɟɩɥɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ. ȼɨɡɞɭɯɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɢ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɢ 1 ɝɨ ɩɨɞɨɝɪɟɜɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɤɨɧɞɢɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɤ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ ɢ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ «Ȼ» ɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɝɨɞɚ> @ , ɬ.ɟ. ɩɪɢ tɧ tɧ05.92 , ɢɥɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɣ ɩɹɬɢɞɧɟɜɤɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ 0.92. Ʉɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, Ɍ – ɨɋ (ɩɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɸ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ) Ɍ ɨɋ. ȼɨɡɞɭɯɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɢ ɝɨ ɩɨɞɨɝɪɟɜɚ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɬɨɱɤɟ ɢɡɥɨɦɚ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɚ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɡɞɟɫɶ Ɍ ɨɋ, Ɍ ɨɋ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɛɨɪɟ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ 2 ɝɨ ɩɨɞɨɝɪɟɜɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɢɡɛɟɝɚɬɶ ɢɡ ɡɚ ɟɝɨ ɧɟɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ. Ȼɨɥɟɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɦ ɜ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɨɝɪɟɜ ɜ 1 ɦ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɟ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɟ ɭɜɥɚɠɧɟɧɢɟ, ɚ ɜ ɬɟɩɥɵɣ – ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨɦ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɨɯɥɚɞɢɬɟɥɟ (ɩɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ – ɫ ɨɫɭɲɤɨɣ ɢ ɫ ɨɛɜɨɞɧɵɦ ɤɚɧɚɥɨɦ – ɛɚɣɩɚɫɨɦ)
Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɢ ɞɚɥɟɟ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵ ɩɨ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɟɣ ɪɟɞɚɤɰɢɢ > @ɨɬ 2004 ɝɨɞɚ.
Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɩɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɟ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚ 11.3.Ƚ > @ɢ ɩ.62 Ƚɥɚɜɵ 10 > @ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɢɞɨɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɧɨɣ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɢ ɩɨɞɛɨɪɚ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɬɢɩɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɢɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ. ɉɨ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɨɪɫɤɢɦ. ɋɱɢɬɚɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɬɢɩɨɪɚɡɦɟɪ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɢ ɟɟ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ ɭɠɟ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɵ ɩɨ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɟ Lɫɢɫɬ (ɫɦ. ɩ.2). ɉɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɶ ɩɨɜɟɪɨɱɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɱɟɬ, ɬ.ɟ. ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ tɤ ɢ Ɍ ɞɥɹ ɭɠɟ ɩɨɞɨɛɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɩɪɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ tɧ ɢ Ɍ , ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɭ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɳɭɸ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɟɞɢɧɢɰ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɚ ɬɟɩɥɨɬɵ NTU ɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɧɢɤɚ İ, ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɭɸ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɜ > @
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ɉɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ: |
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ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɣ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ: Gɜ LɫɢɫɬΥ, ɤɝ/ɱ, ɝɞɟ |
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353 |
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Υ |
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ɤɝ/ɦ – ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ. |
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273 tɤ |
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ɧɚɯɨɞɢɦ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɬɟɩɥɨɬɵ, ɩɟɪɟɞɚɜɚɟɦɨɟ ɜ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɟ |
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Q |
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Gɜɫ( tɤ tɧ ) |
, ȼɬ, ɝɞɟ ɫ = 1 005 ɤȾɠ/(ɤɝ·Ʉ) – ɭɞɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɬɟɩɥɨɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ. |
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ɤ |
3.6 |
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ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɟɦ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɝɪɟɸɳɟɣ ɜɨɞɵ: Gw |
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Qɤ |
, ɤɝ/ɫ, ɝɞɟ ɫw |
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ɫ |
w |
(T |
T ) |
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1 |
2 |
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Ⱦɠ/(ɤɝ·Ʉ) – ɭɞɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɬɟɩɥɨɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɞɵ.
ɧɚɯɨɞɢɦ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɭɸ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɜ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɧɚ-
ɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹ ( vΥ) |
Gɜ |
, ɤɝ/(ɦ ·ɫ), ɝɞɟ fɝ – ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɧɚ- |
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ɜ |
fɝ 3600 |
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ɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɚ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ, ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɦɨɟ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɨɪɚɡɦɟɪɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɩɨ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ Ɉɧɨ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ, ɱɟɦ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɫɟɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ fɝ.ɭ ɉɪɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɨɞɛɨɪɟ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ vȡ ɜ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ 2 – 4 ɤɝ/(ɦ ·ɫ).
ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɟɦ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɬɪɭɛɤɚɯ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹ w |
Gw |
, ɦ/ɫ, |
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fwΥw |
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ɝɞɟ ȡw – ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɞɵ. Ⱦɥɹ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɝɨ ɩɨɞɨɝɪɟɜɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ȡw 0 ɤɝ/ɦ , ɞɥɹ 2 ɝɨ ɩɨɞɨɝɪɟɜɚ – ɤɝ/ɦ > @. ȼɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ fw ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɟ ɢ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɢ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɯɨɞɨɜ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɩɨ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ ɑɢɫɥɨ ɯɨɞɨɜ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ Zɥɟɠɚɥɨ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ
– 5 ɦ/ɫ. ȼ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ fw.ɨ ɞɥɹ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɪɹɞɚ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɡɚɞɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɱɢɫɥɨɦ ɪɹɞɨɜ Nɧɚɱ (ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶ Nɧɚɱ – ), ɬɨɝɞɚ fw = Nɧɚɱfw.ɨ ȼɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ fw.ɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɬɪɭɛɤɢ ɢ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɪɭɛɨɤ ɜ ɨɞɧɨɦ ɪɹɞɭ.
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɬɟɩɥɨɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹ
K21 ( vΥ)ɜ0.37 w0.18 , ȼɬ/(ɦ ·Ʉ).
ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɟɦ ɫɪɟɞɧɸɸ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ ɜɨɞɵ ɢ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɜ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɧɚɝɪɟ-
ɜɚɬɟɥɟ tɫɪ |
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T1 T2 |
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tɤ tɧ |
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ɧɚɯɨɞɢɦ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɭɸ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ: F |
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Qɤ |
, ɦ |
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K tɫɪ |
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ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɲɚɝ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɧ (ɡɚ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶ |
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5 ɦɦ) ɢ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɟɦ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɪɹɞɨɜ ɬɪɭɛɨɤ: N |
F |
, ɝɞɟ FR – ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ |
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F |
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ɞɥɹ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɪɹɞɚ ɬɪɭɛɨɤ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɨɦ ɲɚɝɟ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɧ (ɩɨ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ ). ȿɫɥɢ N ɧɟ ɪɚɜɧɨ Nɧɚɱ, ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɦ ɜɦɟɫɬɨ Nɧɚɱ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ N, ɭɬɨɱɧɹɟɦ fw ɢ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɟɦ ɪɚɫɱɟɬ. ȿɫɥɢ N ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɰɟɥɨɝɨ ɱɢɫɥɚ, ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɦ ɲɚɝ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɧ ɞɨ ɬɟɯ ɩɨɪ, ɩɨɤɚ N ɧɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɚɬɶɫɹ ɤ ɰɟɥɨɦɭ (ɫ ɦèɧɶɲɟɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ). ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɟ ɰɟɥɨɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɦ ɡɚ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɪɹɞɨɜ Nɪɚɫɱ, ɩɪɢɱɟɦ
Nɪɚɫɱ!N
ɧɚɯɨɞɢɦ ɡɚɩɚɫ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ: |
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N ɪɚɫɱ N |
100% ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɦɨɟ |
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N ɪɚɫɱ |
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ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɬ 0 ɞɨ 5%). |
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ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦ ɚɷɪɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ |
ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹ |
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Ɋ |
ȺN |
ɪɚɫɱ |
( vΥ)1.74 , ɉɚ, ɝɞɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ Ⱥ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ |
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ɤ |
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ɜ |
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ɲɚɝɚ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɧ ɩɨ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 4. |
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ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɟɦ ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɩɨ ɜɨɞɟ: |
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Ɋ |
9720 w1.82 , ɉɚ, ɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɟɦ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ǻɊw 25 ɤɉɚ ȿɫɥɢ ɷɬɨ |
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W |
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ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟ ɧɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ, ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɭɟɦ ɪɚɫɱɟɬ, ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɹ ɦèɧɶɲɟɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɯɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ fwR
ɡɚɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɦ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ: ȼɇȼ 243.1 b-h-c-d-f e ɝɞɟ b ɢ h – ɞɥɢɧɚ ɬɪɭɛɨɤ ɢ ɜɵɫɨɬɚ ɬɪɭɛɧɨɣ ɪɟɲɟɬɤɢ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹ, ɫɦ, ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɦɵɟ ɩɨ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 3 (ɜɬɨɪɚɹ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɚ) ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɬɢɩɨɪɚɡɦɟɪɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ; ɫ ɢ d – ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɪɹɞɨɜ ɢ ɲɚɝ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɧ, ɦɦ; f – ɱɢɫɥɨ ɯɨɞɨɜ; ɟ – ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɟ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ (ɥɟɜɨɟ – 1, ɩɪɚɜɨɟ – , ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɸ ɜɫɟɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 3
Ƚɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɞɥɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ ɄɐɄɉ
Lɧɨɦ |
b×h, ɫɦ |
fɝ, ɦ |
fw.ɨ, ɦ , ɩɪɢ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɯɨɞɨɜ: |
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Fɨ, ɦ , ɩɪɢ ɲɚɝɟ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɧ, ɦɦ |
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Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 4 |
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Ⱥɷɪɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ (ɞɥɹ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɪɹɞɚ) |
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ɒɚɝ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɧ, ɦɦ |
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Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ Ⱥ |
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ɉɪɢɦɟɪ ɩɨɞɛɨɪɚ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹ
ɉɭɫɬɶ Lɫɢɫɬ = 10000 ɦ /ɱ, tɧ – ɨɋ (ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ «Ȼ» ɜ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɞɥɹ Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ [2]) tɤ ɨɋ (ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɫɟɤɰɢɟɣ ɭɜɥɚɠɧɟɧɢɹ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɜ I-d ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɟ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɚɞɢɚɛɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɭɜɥɚɠɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ) Ɍ ɨɋ, Ɍ ɨɋ. Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɜɟɞɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɄɐɄɉ ɜ ɩɪɚɜɨɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ (ɫɦ. ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɢɟ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɵ). Ⱦɥɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɩɨ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ fɝ ɦ fw ·ɦ (ɞɥɹ Nɧɚɱ ɢ 6 ɯɨɞɨɜ). ɉɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ