Подбор оборудования приточных вентиляционных установок (кондиционеров) типа КЦКП. Методические указания к курсовому и дипломному проектированию для ст
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167 ɤɝ/ɦ ; ɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɣ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ G |
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10000 1,167 11670 |
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ɤɝ/ɱ. |
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ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹ |
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Ɋɚɫɯɨɞ ɝɪɟɸɳɟɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɢɡ ɬɟɩɥɨɫɟɬɢ Gw |
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ɜɚɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɜ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹ ( vΥ)ɜ |
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ɤɝ/(ɦ ·ɫ) – ɥɟɠɢɬ |
ɜ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ. ɋɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ |
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ɦ/ɫ – ɬɚɤɠɟ ɥɟɠɢɬ ɜ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ (0 – |
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ɬɟɩɥɨɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ |
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ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹ |
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21 3,490,37 0,7070,18 ȼɬ/(ɦ ·Ʉ). |
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ɋɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ |
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140 70 |
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Ɍɪɟɛɭɟɦɚɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ F |
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ɦ . Ɍɪɟɛɭɟɦɨɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɪɹ- |
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31,33 104,25 |
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ɞɨɜ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɩɪɢ ɲɚɝɟ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɧ ɦɦ N – ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɰɟɥɨɝɨ. ɍɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɦ ɲɚɝ ɞɨ 2 ɦɦ, ɬɨɝɞɚ N . ɉɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɦ Nɬɪ Nɧɚɱ, ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ fw ɛɵɥɚ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɚ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ, ɢ ɩɟ-
ɪɟɫɱɟɬ ɧɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ. Ɂɚɩɚɫ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ: |
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– ɥɟɠɢɬ ɜ ɞɨɩɭ- |
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ɫɬɢɦɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ. Ⱥɷɪɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹ: ǻɊɤ
2,00 3 3,491,74 |
ɉɚ. Ƚɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɜɨɞɟ ǻɊW |
9720 0,7071,82 |
ɉɚ < 25 ɤɉɚ. Ⱦɥɢɧɚ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɪɚɜɧɚ 3 0 ɦɦ |
(ɫɦ. ɩ.2).
Ɉɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹ: ȼɇȼ 243.1
ɊȺɋɑȿɌ ȼɈȾəɇɕɏ ɉɈȼȿɊɏɇɈɋɌɇɕɏ ȼɈɁȾɍɏɈɈɏɅȺȾɂɌȿɅȿɃ
Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɨ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹɦ, ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɫɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɢ ɤ ɜɵɛɨɪɭ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɧɢɤɚ, ɬ.ɟ. ɱɢɫɥɚ ɪɹɞɨɜ ɬɪɭɛɨɤ ɢ ɲɚɝɚ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɧ,
ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɚɷɪɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɯɥɚɞɢɬɟɥɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɩɨɞɛɨɪɚ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɚ.
Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɨɯɥɚɞɢɬɟɥɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɬɟɩɥɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɝɨɞɚ. Ⱦɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ: ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ Lɫɢɫɬ, ɦ /ɱ, ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɢ ɷɧɬɚɥɶɩɢɹ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɞɨ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɨɯɥɚɞɢɬɟɥɹ (ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ tɧ ɨɋ, ɢ Iɧ, ɤȾɠ/ɤɝ), ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɧɟɝɨ (tɨ ɢ Iɨ), ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɜ I-d ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɟ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɚɸɳɟɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ ɢ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɢɡ ɨɯɥɚɞɢɬɟɥɹ (ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ tɯ ɢ tɨɬɟɩɥ ɨɋ. Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ tɯ ɢ tɨɬɟɩɥ ɡɚɜɢɫɹɬ ɨɬ tɨ ɢ Iɨ, ɩɪɢɱɟɦ tɨɬɟɩɥ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɧɢɠɟ, ɱɟɦ tɨ, ɧɚ 3 – ɨɋ, ɢ ɧɚ ɬɚɤɭɸ ɠɟ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɧɢɠɟ tɯ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ tɨɬɟɩɥ. Ɇɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ tɯ – ɧɟ ɧɢɠɟ +5ɨɋ. Ɉɛɵɱɧɨ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɬ tɯ ɨɋ, tɨɬɟɩɥ ɨɋ. ȿɫɥɢ tɨ!ɨɋ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ tɯ ɨɋ, tɨɬɟɩɥ ɨɋ ɞɥɹ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɛɟɡ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɰɢɢ.
Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɨɯɥɚɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɬɨɣ ɠɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɟ, ɱɬɨ ɢ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ, ɫ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɩɨɩɪɚɜɤɚɦɢ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɫ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ ɬɟɩɥɨɬɵ (ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚ 15.7 > @Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɟ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɜ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɩɥɨɦɚɫɫɨɨɛɦɟɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɰɢɢ ɜɨɞɹɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɨɜ, ɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɭɩɪɨɳɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɫɜɟɫɬɢ ɢɯ ɤ ɱɢɫɬɨɣ ɬɟɩɥɨɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɟ ɦɵ ɡɚɦɟɧɹɟɦ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ «ɦɨɤɪɨɝɨ» ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɦ «ɫɭɯɢɦ» ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɦ (Ɋɢɫ.1).
ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ɨɯɥɚɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɚ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹɦ (ɞɨɛɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨɞɞɨɧ ɢ ɫɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɪ ɞɥɹ ɭɥɚɜɥɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɚ), ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ fɝ fw.ɨ ɢ FR ɩɨ ɩɪɟɠɧɟɦɭ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɨɪɚɡɦɟɪɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɩɨ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 3 ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ, ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɪɹɞɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ fw ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶ 8 –
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ɉɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ: |
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ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɣ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ: Gɜ LɫɢɫɬΥ, ɤɝ/ɱ, ɝɞɟ |
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Υ |
353 |
, ɤɝ/ɦ – ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ. |
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273 tɨ |
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Ɋɢɫ.1. ɉɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɜ I-d ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ «ɫɭɯɨɝɨ» ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ
ɧɚɯɨɞɢɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɬɟɩɥɨɬɵ, ɭɞɚɥɹɟɦɨɟ ɢɡ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɩɪɢ ɟɝɨ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɢ
Qɯ |
Gɜ( Iɧ Iɨ ) |
, ȼɬ. |
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3.6 |
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ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɟɦ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɚɸɳɟɣ ɜɨɞɵ: Gw |
Qɯ |
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, ɤɝ/ɫ. |
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ɫw( tɨɬɟɩɥ tɯ ) |
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ɧɚɯɨɞɢɦ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɭɸ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɜ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɨɯɥɚɞɢɬɟɥɹ: |
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( vΥ) |
Gɜ |
, ɤɝ/(ɦ ·ɫ). |
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ɜ |
fɝ 3600 |
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ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɟɦ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɬɪɭɛɤɚɯ ɨɯɥɚɞɢɬɟɥɹ: w |
Gw |
, ɦ/ɫ. Ⱦɥɹ ɨɯɥɚ- |
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fwΥw |
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ɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ȡw = 1000 ɤɝ/ɦ . Ʉɚɤ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ, ɱɢɫɥɨ ɯɨɞɨɜ ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ fw ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɬɫɹ ɫ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ w ɥɟɠɚɥɨ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ 0 – 5 ɦ/ɫ. ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ ɜɨɞɵ tɨɬɟɩɥ – tɯ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɦɚɥɚ, ɜ ɨɛɳɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɚɸɳɟɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɨɯɥɚɞɢɬɟɥɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ, ɱɟɦ ɝɪɟɸɳɟɣ ɜ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɟ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɦɟɧɶɲɟɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɯɨɞɨɜ.
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɬɟɩɥɨɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɨɯɥɚɞɢɬɟɥɹ:
K21 ( vΥ)ɜ0,37 w0,18 , ȼɬ/(ɦ ·Ʉ).
ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɟɦ ɫɪɟɞɧɸɸ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ ɜɨɞɵ ɢ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɜ ɨɯɥɚɞɢɬɟɥɟ ǻtɫɪ
ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɩɟɪɟɩɚɞɵ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɧɟɜɟɥɢɤɢ, ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ǻtɫɪ ɞɥɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨ-
ɤɨɣ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɥɨɝɚɪɢɮɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ 'tɫɪ |
'tɛ 'tɦ |
ɨɋ. |
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Ɂɞɟɫɶ ǻtɛ tɧ – tɨɬɟɩɥ, ǻtɦ tɨ – tɯ – ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɛòɥɶɲɚɹ ɢ ɦèɧɶɲɚɹ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɢ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɨɯɥɚɞɢɬɟɥɟ (ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ ɢ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɢɡ ɧɟɝɨ).
ȿɫɥɢ ɜ ɨɯɥɚɞɢɬɟɥɟ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɩɚɞɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɚ (ɬ.ɟ. ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɨɫɭɲɤɨɣ), ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɟ ǻtɫɪ ɜɦɟɫɬɨ tɧ ɢ tɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ tɧ.ɭɫɥ ɢ tɨ.ɭɫɥ, ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɵɟ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟɦ ɜ I-d ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ «ɫɭɯɨɝɨ» ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ, ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɭ (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ.1).
ɧɚɯɨɞɢɦ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɭɸ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ: F |
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K tɫɪ |
ɧɢɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɪɹɞɨɜ, ɜɵɛɨɪ ɲɚɝɚ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɧ ɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɚɷɪɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɨ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹɦ, ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɜ ɜɢɞɭ, ɱɬɨ ɢɡ ɡɚ ɦɚɥɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ǻtɫɪ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɪɹɞɨɜ ɨɯɥɚɞɢɬɟɥɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɛòɥɶɲɢɦ, ɱɟɦ ɭ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɜ ɬɨɣ ɠɟ ɩɪɢɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɲɚɝ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɧ ɞɥɹ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɨɯɥɚɞɢɬɟɥɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 2 5 ɦɦ. ɉɪɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɰɢɢ ɚɷɪɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɦɧɨɠɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ 1
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ɟɫɥɢ |
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ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ |
ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɰɢɹ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɚ: |
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G |
G ( d |
ɧ |
d |
ɨ |
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ɤɝ/ɱ, ɝɞɟ dɧ ɢ dɨ – ɜɥɚɝɨɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɚɟɦɨɝɨ |
ɤɨɧɞ |
ɜ |
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ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɞɨ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɨɯɥɚɞɢɬɟɥɹ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦɵɟ ɩɨ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɸ ɜ I-d ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɟ.
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ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɟɦ ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɯɥɚɞɢɬɟɥɹ ɩɨ ɜɨɞɟ: |
Ɋ |
9720 w1,82 , ɉɚ, ɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɟɦ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ǻɊw < 25 ɤɉɚ. ȿɫɥɢ ɷɬɨ |
W |
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ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟ ɧɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ, ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɭɟɦ ɪɚɫɱɟɬ, ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɹ ɦèɧɶɲɟɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɯɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ fwR
ɡɚɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɦ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɯɥɚɞɢɬɟɥɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ: ȼɈȼ 243.1 b-h-c-d-f-e, ɝɞɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ b, h, ɫ, d, f ɢ ɟ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɬɨɬ ɠɟ ɫɦɵɫɥ, ɱɬɨ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹ (ɫɦ.
ɩ.4).
ɉɪɢɦɟɪ ɩɨɞɛɨɪɚ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɨɯɥɚɞɢɬɟɥɹ
ɉɭɫɬɶ Lɫɢɫɬ = 10000 ɦ /ɱ, tɧ ɨɋ, Iɧ ɤȾɠ/ɤɝ (ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ «Ȼ» ɜ ɬɟɩɥɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɝɨɞɚ ɞɥɹ Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ [2] tɨ ɨɋ, IR 5 ɤȾɠ/ɤɝ (ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɨɫɭɲɤɨɣ), tɯ ɨɋ, tɨɬɟɩɥ ɨɋ. Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɜɟɞɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɄɐɄɉ ɜ ɩɪɚɜɨɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ (ɫɦ. ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɢɟ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɵ). Ⱦɥɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɨɯɥɚɞɢɬɟɥɹ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹ, ɩɨ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ fɝ ɦ fw ·
ɦ (ɞɥɹ Nɧɚɱ |
ɢ 6 ɯɨɞɨɜ). ɉɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ |
ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ |
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247 ɤɝ/ɦ ; ɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɣ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ G |
10000 1,247 |
12470 ɤɝ/ɱ. |
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ɏɨɥɨɞɢɥɶɧɚɹ |
ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ |
ɨɯɥɚɞɢɬɟɥɹ Qɯ 12470 ( 52 27,5 ) / 3,6 |
84865 ȼɬ. |
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Ɋɚɫɯɨɞ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɚɸɳɟɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɨɬ ɯɨɥɨɞɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɚɲɢɧɵ |
Gw |
84865 |
4,05 |
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4190 (12 7 ) |
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ɤɝ/ɫ. Ɇɚɫɫɨɜɚɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɜ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɨɯɥɚɞɢɬɟɥɹ ( vΥ)ɜ |
12470 |
3,74 |
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ɤɝ/(ɦ ·ɫ) – |
ɥɟɠɢɬ ɜ |
ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ. |
ɋɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ |
ɜɨɞɵ |
ɜ ɬɪɭɛɤɚɯ |
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4,05 |
ɦ/ɫ – ɬɚɤɠɟ ɥɟɠɢɬ ɜ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ. Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ |
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0,003804 1000 |
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ɬɟɩɥɨɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɨɯɥɚɞɢɬɟɥɹ |
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Ʉ |
21 3,740,37 1,0650,18 |
ȼɬ/(ɦ ·Ʉ). ɉɨ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟ- |
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ɧɢɸ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɦ dɧ = 10 ɝ/ɤɝ, dɨ = 7 ɝ/ɤɝ, tɧ.ɭɫɥ |
ɨɋ, tɨ.ɭɫɥ ɨɋ. ɋɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɥɨɝɚ- |
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ɪɢɮɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ |
ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ |
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ |
tɫɪ |
34,8 12 11 7 |
10,8ɨɋ . |
Ɍɪɟɛɭɟɦɚɹ |
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♣ 34,8 12 ∙ |
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ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ F |
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84865 |
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ɦ . |
ɑɢɫɥɨ ɪɹɞɨɜ ɨɯɥɚɞɢɬɟɥɹ ɩɪɢ |
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34,6 10,8 |
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ɲɚɝɟ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɧ 2 ɦɦ N |
– ɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɰɟɥɨɝɨ. |
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ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɦ Nɬɪ |
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Nɧɚɱ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ fw ɛɵɥɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɚ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶ- |
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ɧɨ, ɢ ɩɟɪɟɫɱɟɬ ɧɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ. Ⱥɷɪɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɯɥɚɞɢɬɟɥɹ ǻɊɯ |
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1,38 ( 2,00 12 3,741,74 ) |
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Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ |
ɭɞɚɥɹɟɦɨɝɨ |
ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɚ |
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G |
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12470 (10 7 ) 10 3 |
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37,4 ɤɝ/ɱ. ɂɡ ɡɚ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɹ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɚ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɭɫɬɚ- |
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ɧɨɜɤɚ ɨɯɥɚɞɢɬɟɥɹ ɫ ɤɚɩɥɟɭɥɨɜɢɬɟɥɟɦ Ʉɚɩɥɟɭɥɨɜɢɬɟɥɶ ɞɥɹ ɨɯɥɚɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɜ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚɯ ɄɐɄɉ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɦ, ɢ ɟɝɨ ɞɥɢɧɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬ ɦɦ (ɫɦ. ɩ.2). ɋɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɯɥɚɞɢɬɟɥɹ ɩɨ ɜɨɞɟ: ǻɊW 9720 1,0651,82 ɉɚ 25 ɤɉɚ Ɉɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɯɥɚɞɢɬɟɥɹ: ȼɈȼ 243.1
ɊȺɋɑȿɌ ɎɈɊɋɍɇɈɑɇɕɏ ɄȺɆȿɊ ɈɊɈɒȿɇɂə ɂ ɋɈɌɈȼɕɏ ɍȼɅȺɀɇɂɌȿɅȿɃ
Ɏɨɪɫɭɧɨɱɧɵɟ ɤɚɦɟɪɵ ɢ ɫɨɬɨɜɵɟ ɭɜɥɚɠɧɢɬɟɥɢ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɞɢɰɢɨɧɟɪɨɜ (ɩɪɢɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɤɚɦɟɪ) ɄɐɄɉ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɚɞɢɚɛɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɭɜɥɚɠɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɜ ɬɟɩɥɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɝɨɞɚ ɢ ɚɞɢɚɛɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɭɜɥɚɠɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɬɨɤɚ ɜ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ. Ⱦɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ: ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ Lɫɢɫɬ, ɦ /ɱ, ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ Lɧɨɦ ɦ /ɱ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɚɹ ɟɟ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɨɦɭ ɬɢɩɨɪɚɡɦɟɪɭ (ɫɦ. ɬɚɛɥ. 1), ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɢ ɜɥɚɝɨɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɭɜɥɚɠɧɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɞɨ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɭɜɥɚɠɧɢɬɟɥɹ (ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ tɧ dɧ ɢ tɨ dɨ ɨɋ) ɢ ɷɧɬɚɥɶɩɢɹ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɜ
ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɚ (Iɧ Iɨ, ɤȾɠ/ɤɝ). ɗɬɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɚɞɢɚɛɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɭɜɥɚɠɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ I-d ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɟ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ ɄɐɄɉ 3.15, 5, 6.3 ɢ 8 ɮɨɪɫɭɧɨɱɧɵɟ ɤɚɦɟɪɵ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɚɞɢɚɛɚɬɧɨɟ ɭɜɥɚɠɧɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɫɨɬɨɜɵɯ ɭɜɥɚɠɧɢɬɟɥɟɣ.
ɉɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ:ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɚɞɢɚɛɚɬɧɨɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɜɥɚɠɧɢ-
ɬɪ |
tɧ to |
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ɬɟɥɹ ȿɚ |
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, ɝɞɟ tɦ – ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɦɨɤɪɨɝɨ ɬɟɪɦɨɦɟɬɪɚ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ |
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tɧ tɦ |
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ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ, ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɚɹ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɬɪɟɡɤɚ ɧɚ I-d ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɟ, ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ, ɞɨ ɤɪɢɜɨɣ ij = 100%.
ɧɚɯɨɞɢɦ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɤ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ Lɫɢɫɬ Lɧɨɦ
ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɭɜɥɚɠɧɟɧɢɹ ɮɨɪɫɭɧɨɱɧɨɣ ɤɚɦɟɪɵ ɩɨ ɟɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɟ (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ. ɭɬɨɱɧɹɟɦ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɚɞɢɚɛɚɬɧɨɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ȿɚ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɢ Lɫɢɫɬ Lɧɨɦ. ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɬɪɢ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɦɟɪɵ: ɫ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɦ ɚɞɢɚɛɚɬɧɨɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ȿɚ.ɧɨɦ (ɩɪɢ Lɫɢɫɬ Lɧɨɦ = 1), ɪɚɜɧɵɦ 0 85 ɢ 0 ɗɬɢɦ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚɦ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɧɢɠɧɹɹ, ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɢ ɜɟɪɯɧɹɹ ɤɪɢɜɚɹ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ.3. ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɛɢ-
ɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɤ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ȿɚ ɛɵɥɨ ɛɥɢɠɚɣɲɢɦ ɛòɥɶɲɢɦ ɤ ȿɚɬɪɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɫɨɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɭɜɥɚɠɧɢɬɟɥɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɤ, ɱɬɨ-
ɛɵ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ȿɚ.ɧɨɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɬɟ ɠɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ 0 85 ɢ
95, ɛɵɥɚ ɛɥɢɠɚɣɲɟɣ ɛòɥɶɲɟɣ ɤ ȿɚɬɪ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɜɨɞɵ ɞɥɹ ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɹ: Gw ΠGɜ , ɤɝ/ɱ, ɝɞɟ Gɜ LɫɢɫɬΥ ɤɝ/ɱ – ɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɣ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɭɜɥɚɠɧɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ (ɫɦ. ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɨɯɥɚɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ); ȝ – ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɹ. Ⱦɥɹ ɮɨɪɫɭɧɨɱɧɵɯ ɤɚɦɟɪ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ ɄɐɄɉ ɨɧ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɪɢɫ.3, ɚ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɬɨɜɵɯ ɭɜɥɚɠɧɢɬɟɥɟɣ – ɩɨ ɪɢɫ.4 ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ Lɧɨɦ ɢ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɦɟɪɵ ɢɥɢ ɭɜɥɚɠɧɢɬɟɥɹ ɩɨ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɟ
ȿɚ.ɧɨɦ
ɧɚɯɨɞɢɦ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɢɫɩɚɪɹɸɳɟɣɫɹ ɜɥɚɝɢ G |
G ( d |
ɨ |
d |
ɧ |
) 10 3 |
, ɤɝ/ɱ. |
ɢɫɩ |
ɜ |
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ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɜ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɤɚɦɟɪɵ ɢɥɢ ɭɜɥɚɠɧɢɬɟɥɹ vɜ ɦ/ɫ, ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɠɟ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɨɣ ɫɟɤɰɢɢ (ɫɦ. ɩ.2), ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ Lɫɢɫɬ ɢ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ fɝ.ɭ, ɦ , ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɦɢɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɟɦ ɚɷɪɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɦɟɪɵ ɢɥɢ ɭɜɥɚɠɧɢɬɟɥɹ
|
]Υv2 |
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Ɋ |
ɜ |
, ɉɚ, ɝɞɟ ȗ – ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɪɚɜɧɵɣ 22 ɞɥɹ |
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ɨɤ |
2 |
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ɮɨɪɫɭɧɨɱɧɨɣ ɤɚɦɟɪɵ ɢ 29 2 ɞɥɹ ɫɨɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɭɜɥɚɠɧɢɬɟɥɹ ɉɪɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɜ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɜ ɜɢɞɭ, ɱɬɨ ɭ ɮɨɪɫɭɧɨɱ-
ɧɨɣ ɤɚɦɟɪɵ ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɞɞɨɧ, ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɸɳɢɣ ɜɧɢɡ. ȼɵɫɨɬɚ ɩɨɞɞɨɧɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 365
ɦɦ(ɄɐɄɉ 10 … 50) ɢ 500 ɦɦ (ɄɐɄɉ 63 … 100).
ȼɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɟɫɥɢ ȿɚɬɪ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ 0 ɞɨɛɢɬɶɫɹ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
ɮɨɪɫɭɧɨɱɧɨɣ ɤɚɦɟɪɵ ɢɥɢ ɫɨɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɭɜɥɚɠɧɢɬɟɥɹ ɜ ɬɚɤɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɬɪɭɞɧɨ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɨɧɢ ɧɟ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ ɦɚɥɵɣ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɜɨɞɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɬɚɤɨɦ ȿɚɬɪ Ɍɨɝɞɚ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɯɟɦɭ ɫ ɛɚɣɩɚɫɨɦ (ɨɛɜɨɞɧɵɦ ɤɚɧɚɥɨɦ) ɫ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɨɦ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɜ ɨɛɯɨɞ ɤɚɦɟɪɵ ɢɥɢ ɭɜɥɚɠɧɢɬɟɥɹ, ɥɢɛɨ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɧɚ I-d ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɟ
Ɋɢɫ.2. Ɂɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɚɞɢɚɛɚɬɧɨɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɮɨɪɫɭɧɨɱɧɨɣ ɤɚɦɟɪɵ ȿɚ ɨɬ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ Lɫɢɫɬ/Lɧɨɦ
ȿɚ
1
0,9
0,8
0,7
0,6
0,5
0,4
0,5 |
0,6 |
0,7 |
0,8 |
0,9 |
1 |
1,1 |
1,2 |
1,3 |
1,4 |
1,5 |
1,6 |
1,7 |
Lɫɢɫɬ/Lɧɨɦ
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ȿɚ.ɧɨɦ = 0.95 |
ȿɚ.ɧɨɦ = 0.85 |
ȿɚ.ɧɨɦ = 0.65 |
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Ɋɢɫ.3. Ɂɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɮɨɪɫɭɧɨɱɧɨɣ ɤɚɦɟɪɵ ɨɬ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɟɧɬɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ Lɧɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ȿɚ.ɧɨɦ
2,1
1,9
1,7
ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɹ1,5 1,3
.Ʉɨɷɮɮ1,1 0,9
0,7
0,5
10
|
0,1 |
|
0,09 |
|
0,08 |
ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɹ |
0,07 |
0,05 |
|
|
0,06 |
Ʉɨɷɮɮ. |
0,04 |
|
0,03
0,02
0,01
0
2
20 |
30 |
40 |
50 |
60 |
70 |
80 |
90 |
100 |
|
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Lɧɨɦ, ɬɵɫ.ɤɭɛ.ɦ/ɱ |
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ȿa.ɧɨɦ = 0.65 |
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ȿa.ɧɨɦ = 0.85 |
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ȿa.ɧɨɦ = 0.95 |
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Ɋɢɫ.4. Ɂɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɭɜɥɚɠɧɢɬɟɥɹ ɨɬ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɟɧɬɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ Lɧɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ȿɚ.ɧɨɦ
4 |
6 |
8 |
10 |
12 |
14 |
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Lɧɨɦ, ɬɵɫ.ɤɭɛ.ɦ/ɱ |
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ȿɚ.ɧɨɦ = 0.65 |
ȿɚ.ɧɨɦ = 0.85 |
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ȿɚ.ɧɨɦ = 0.95 |
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ɉɪɢɦɟɪ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɮɨɪɫɭɧɨɱɧɨɣ ɤɚɦɟɪɵ ɢ ɫɨɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɭɜɥɚɠɧɢɬɟɥɹ
ɉɭɫɬɶ Lɫɢɫɬ = 10000 ɦ /ɱ, tɧ ɨɋ, dɧ 3 ɝ/ɤɝ, Iɧ IR = 30 ɤȾɠ/ɤɝ (ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɜ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɝɨɞɚ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹ tɨ ɨɋ dɨ 95 ɝ/ɤɝ. Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɜɟɞɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɄɐɄɉ ɜ ɩɪɚɜɨɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ (ɫɦ. ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɢɟ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɵ) Ɍɨɝɞɚ Lɧɨɦ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ ɪɚɜɧɚ 10000 ɦ /ɱ (ɫɦ. ɬɚɛɥ.1). ɉɨ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɸ ɜ I-d ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ ɦɨɤɪɨɝɨ ɬɟɪɦɨɦɟɬɪɚ: tɦ
ɨɋ. |
Ɍɪɟɛɭɟɦɵɣ |
ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ |
ɚɞɢɚɛɚɬɧɨɣ |
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ: |
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ȿɚɬɪ 29,5 17,5 |
0,628 Ɉɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ Lɫɢɫɬ Lɧɨɦ |
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ɉɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢ- |
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29,5 10,4 |
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ɫɬɢɤɟ (ɪɢɫ.2) ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ Lɫɢɫɬ Lɧɨɦ ɛɥɢɠɚɣɲɟɟ ɛòɥɶ- |
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ɲɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ȿɚ |
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ |
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ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɤɚɦɟɪɵ (ɫ ȿɚ.ɧɨɦ |
– ɧɢɠɧɹɹ ɤɪɢɜɚɹ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ.2) ɋɨɬɨɜɵɣ ɭɜɥɚɠɧɢ- |
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ɬɟɥɶ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɫ ȿɚ Ɇɚɫɫɨɜɵɣ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ (ɢɡ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹ Gɜ = 11670 ɤɝ/ɱ. Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɦɟɪɵ ȝ = 0 75 (ɪɢɫ.3, ɩɪɢ Lɧɨɦ = 10000 ɦ /ɱ, ɧɢɠɧɹɹ ɤɪɢɜɚɹ ɞɥɹ ȿɚ.ɧɨɦ , ɞɥɹ ɫɨɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɭɜɥɚɠɧɢɬɟɥɹ ȝ = 0 029 (ɪɢɫ.4, ɬɚɤ ɠɟ ɩɪɢ Lɧɨɦ ɦ /ɱ, ɧɢɠɧɹɹ ɤɪɢɜɚɹ ɞɥɹ ȿɚ.ɧɨɦ Ɋɚɫɯɨɞ ɜɨɞɵ ɞɥɹ ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɹ Gw = ȝGɜ·11670 = ɤɝ/ɱ = ɤɝ/ɫ (ɤɚɦɟɪɚ), 0 029·11670 = 338 ɤɝ/ɱ = 0 094 ɤɝ/ɫ
(ɫɨɬɨɜɵɣ |
ɭɜɥɚɠɧɢɬɟɥɶ) |
Ɋɚɫɯɨɞ |
ɢɫɩɚɪɹɸɳɟɣɫɹ |
ɜɥɚɝɢ: |
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G |
11670 ( 4,95 0,3 ) 10 3 27 ɤɝ/ɱ. ɉɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ȡ = 1 167 ɤɝ/ɦ (ɢɡ |
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ɢɫɩ |
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ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɋɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɜ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɤɚɦɟɪɵ vɜ |
34 ɦ/ɫ, |
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ɤɚɤ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɨɣ ɫɟɤɰɢɢ (ɫɦ. ɩ.3). Ⱥɷɪɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɦɟɪɵ:
Ɋ |
22,4 1.167 2,342 |
72 |
ɉɚ, ɭɜɥɚɠɧɢɬɟɥɹ Ɋ |
29,2 1,167 2,342 |
94 ɉɚ. Ⱦɥɢɧɚ ɤɚ- |
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ɮɤ |
2 |
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ɫɭ |
2 |
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ɦɟɪɵ 1600 ɦɦ, ɭɜɥɚɠɧɢɬɟɥɹ – 1100 ɦɦ (ɫɦ. ɬɚɛɥ.1).
ɉɈȾȻɈɊ ȼȿɇɌɂɅəɌɈɊɈȼ ɂ ɗɅȿɄɌɊɈȾȼɂȽȺɌȿɅȿɃ
ɉɨɞɛɨɪ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɨɜ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ ɩɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɟ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɳɟɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɢɯ ɝɚɛɚɪɢɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɯɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ > @ ɢ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɢɞɨɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɧɨɣ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɟɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɥɸɛɵɯ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɨɜ, ɞɥɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɢɦɟɸɬɫɹ