Английский язык для студентов юридических специальностей. Рабочая тетрадь (упражнения к учебнику Introduction to International Legal English)

Unit 9. International law

Reports Section

8.14. Choose one term and prepare a short report for the mates (2-minute talk).

1) litigation; 2) arbitration; 3) litigation burden; 4) barrister; 5) claimant; 6) defendant; 7) solicitor; 8) arbitrator; 9) ADR; 10) lawsuit; 11) bilateral treaty; 12) arbitral tribunal; 13) payout; 14) constructive dismissal; 15) remuneration.

Extra Activity Section

8.15. Follow the link to a video and answer the questions: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5IfPqPIPSmI

-What is ADR? What does it include?

-What is mediation according to the speaker?

-What example is provided to illustrate the term?

-At what stages is mediation possible?

-What are the parties involved? Is it free of charge?

-What is the expected result of the mediation?

-What are the 3 most important things about mediation?

-What is arbitration according to the speaker?

-What are the parties involved?

-Is it free of charge?

-What is the expected result of the arbitration?

-At what stages is arbitration possible?

-What is the advantage of the arbitration according to the speaker?  

Unit 9. International law

9.1. Give definitions for the following words/word combinations.

9.2. Match the Latin term to the definition in English.

1) jus cogens 2) jus inter gentes 3) opinio juris 4) hostis humani generis

5)casus belli

a)the body of treaties, U.N. conventions, and other international agreements. Literally, means “law between the peoples”.

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Английский язык для студентов юридических специальностей

b)an opinion of law, the subjective element of custom as a source of law, both domestic and international. It is the belief that an action was carried out as a legal obligation.

c)compelling law, a fundamental principle of international law that is accepted by the international community of states as a norm from which no derogation is permitted.

d)an act or event that provokes or is used to justify war, involves direct offenses or threats against the nation declaring the war.

e)enemy of mankind, a literal out-law, subject to the violence and execution by anyone.

9.3. Give the Russian equivalents to the words below and prepare for

9.4. Fill in the gaps using the words from the box.

Private international law refers to the body of (1) … of private individuals and business (2) … of different (3) … states. It addresses two main questions: 1) the (4) … in which a case may be heard, and 2) which laws from which jurisdiction(s) (5) … . It is from public international law because it (6) … conflicts between private individuals or business entities, rather than conflicts between (7) … or other international (8) … .

9.5. Elicit the terms corresponding to the definitions.

1) the law or legal system established within a state to govern events, transactions, and persons within or having a connection to that state

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Unit 9. International law

2)the art and practice of conducting negotiations between representatives of states

3)the sanctity of diplomats

4)the practice of spying or of using spies, typically by governments to obtain political and military information

5)a unilateral political act with domestic and international legal consequences whereby a state acknowledges an act or status of another state or government in control of a state

6)a group of government officials, headed by an ambassador, who represent their government in a foreign country

7)an accredited diplomat sent by a state as its permanent representative in a foreign country

8)a container with certain legal protections used for carrying official correspondence or other items between a diplomatic mission and its home government or other diplomatic, consular, or otherwise official entity

9)cultivation of relationships, respect, or even admiration from others in order to gain influence, as opposed to more coercive approaches. It can come from three resources: its culture (in places where it is attractive to others), its political values (when it lives up to them at home and abroad), and its foreign policies (when they are seen as legitimate and having moral authority)

10)sort of diplomacy that lies near the edge between peace and war, victory or defeat in an incident may foster a shift into political and psychological dimensions: a standoff between a weaker and a stronger state may be perceived as a defeat for the stronger one

Translation Section

9.6. Translate the sentences into English using the active vocabulary of Unit 9.

1)Международное публичное право состоит в своде правил, законов

ипринципов, которые регулируют права и обязанности государств в отношении друг друга.

2)Нормы международного права применяются к гражданам всех подписавшихся стран.

3)Нормы наднационального права относятся к региональным соглашениям, где законы государства не применимы.

4)Патент – это монопольное право производить или продавать изобретение, а также производить улучшения уже имеющегося изобретенного продукта.

5)Изобретатель имеет право на возмещение своих вложений, что является ключевым правилом в законе об интеллектуальной собственности.

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Английский язык для студентов юридических специальностей

9.7. Translate the text into English.

Типы дипломатии в международных отношениях

Дипломатия – это профессия, деятельность или навыки международных отношений представителя страны за рубежом. В наши дни дипломатия достигла достаточно высокого уровня эффективности и влияет на сознание общественности и даже правовые нормы. Это настоящее искусство, которое служит целям людей и их стран.

Существует несколько видов дипломатии: политика умиротворения, силовая дипломатия, долларовая дипломатия, публичная дипломатия, народная дипломатия, через дипломатическое представительство, экономическая дипломатия и цифровая дипломатия.

Политика умиротворения заключается в нежелании обострять противоречия, существующие между странами. Может выражаться в различных незначительных уступках в неключевых вопросах. Примером может служить дипломатия, избранная Англией и Францией по отношению к Германии накануне второй мировой войны.

Силовая дипломатия состоит в демонстрации силы и намерения далеко зайти в мерах по достижению внешнеполитических целей. Такой вид дипломатии также носит имя «политики канонерок».

Меры экономического воздействия (долларовая дипломатия), например займы, используются для порабощения малых государств и подчинения их господству крупных иностранных банков и промышленных компаний. В этом случае доллары буквально выступают в роли пуль или оружия в руках дипломатов.

Reports Section

9.8. Text 9.7 lists 8 diplomacy kinds but only describes three of them. Choose any type of diplomacy and make a five-minute report. Include relevant examples.

Writing Section

9.9. Answer the following questions in writing.

1)What is the difference between public international law and private international law? Which organizations are involved?

2)What are the sources of public international law?

3)What are two principal questions which private international law is concerned with?

4)What are the consequences if a private individual or a company breaks the law of another jurisdiction?

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Unit 9. International law

Reading Section

9.10. Read the first 3 articles of VIENNA CONVENTION ON DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS AND OPTIONAL PROTOCOLS and:

-summarise the reasons for VIENNA CONVENTION creation

-name the terms listed in the Article and explain their meaning

-explain the meaning of the term mutual consent

-name the functions of a diplomatic mission

-explain the meaning of the term inter alia.

DONE AT VIENNA, ON 18 APRIL 1961 The States Parties to the present Convention,

Recalling that peoples of all nations from ancient times have recognized the status of diplomatic agents,

HavinginmindthepurposesandprinciplesoftheCharteroftheUnitedNations concerning the sovereign equality of States, the maintenance of international peace and security, and the promotion of friendly relations among nations,

Believing that an international convention on diplomatic intercourse, privileges and immunities would contribute to the development of friendly relations among nations, irrespective of their differing constitutional and social systems,

Realizing that the purpose of such privileges and immunities is not to benefit individuals but to ensure the efficient performance of the functions of diplomatic missions as representing States,

Affirming that the rules of customary international law should continue to govern questions not expressly regulated by the provisions of the present Convention,

Have agreed as follows: Article I

For the purpose of the present Convention, the following expressions shall have the meanings hereunder assigned to them:

(a)the “head of the mission” is the person charged by the sending State with the duty of acting in that capacity;

(b)the “members of the mission” are the head of the mission and the members of the staff of the mission;

(c)the “members of the staff of the mission” are the members of the diplomatic staff, of the administrative and technical staff and of the service staff of the mission;

(d)the “members of the diplomatic staff” are the members of the staff of the mission having diplomatic rank;

(e)a “diplomatic agent” is the head of the mission or a member of the diplomatic staff of the mission;

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Английский язык для студентов юридических специальностей

(f)the “members of the administrative and technical staff” are the members of the staff of the mission employed in the administrative and technical service of the mission;

(g)the “members of the service staff” are the members of the staff of the mission in the domestic service of the mission;

(h)a “private servant” is a person who is in the domestic service of a member of the mission and who is not an employee of the sending State;

(i)the “premises of the mission” are the buildings or parts of buildings and the land ancillary thereto, irrespective of ownership, used for the purposes of the mission including the residence of the head of the mission.

Article 2

The establishment of diplomatic relations between States, and of permanent diplomatic missions, takes place by mutual consent.

Article 3

1. The functions of a diplomatic mission consist inter alia in:

(a)representing the sending State in the receiving State;

(b)protecting in the receiving State the interests of the sending State and of its nationals, within the limits permitted by international law;

(c)negotiating with the Government of the receiving State;

(d)ascertaining by all lawful means conditions and developments in the receiving State, and reporting thereon to the Government of the sending State;

(e)promoting friendly relations between the sending State and the receiving State, and developing their economic, cultural and scientific relations.

2. Nothing in the present Convention shall be construed as preventing the performance of consular functions by a diplomatic mission.

Presentation Section

9.11. Follow the link below to find out how to make your slides visible and readable. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l3sDtvFFn0

Extra Activity Section

9.12. Follow the link to a video and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gZ4IyNVJ0Ng

1) answer the questions:

- What is the most import skill and competence that everybody should develop?

- What are the threats to the world community that the speaker mentions? - What are the three ways to learn the art of diplomacy?

- Why should you “understand more”?

2) summarise the advice of the speaker to the audience. 

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Unit 10. Comparative law

Unit 10. Comparative law

Vocabulary Section

10.1. Give definitions to the following words and phrases.

10.2. Match these words with their definitions.

10.3. Fill in the gaps using the words from the box.

Comparative law is closely related to (1)… international law and the

(2)… of law. The first concerns the (3)… of laws in situations involving other jurisdictions, the latter developed out of a need to (4)… these rules, both at a

(5)… level and between (6)… states.

Another aspect of comparative law is the idea of (7)… law. It deals with the progressive unification of private international law in a wide range of areas, from commercial law to international civil (8)… and from child (9)… to matters of marriage and personal (10)… . This involves finding internationally agreed (11)… to issues such as (12)… of the courts, applicable law and the (13)… and enforcement judgments.

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Английский язык для студентов юридических специальностей

Translation Section

10.4. Translate the sentences into English.

1)Все правовые системы мира делятся на категории, или семьи. Каждая правовая система имеет свои особенности и общность правовых принципов, которые сложились в результате конкретных исторических условий развития данной системы.

2)Наука, которая занимается изучением сходств и различий правовых семей, называется сравнительное правоведение. Главным методом изучения правовых систем различных государств является сопоставление одноименных государственных и правовых институтов, систем права и их основных принципов. Вторым важным методом данной науки является исторический метод, лежащий также в основе самостоятельного направления исследований – сравнительной истории права.

3)Каждая правовая система уникальна. Сравнительное правоведение позволяет произвести типологию правовых систем на основе анализа их сходств и различий.

4)Смешанная правовая система – это тип правовых систем, которые сочетают элементы правовых систем континентального и англо-амери- канского типов, охватывающий североевропейскую (скандинавскую) и латиноамериканскую группу правовых систем.

5)Принципиальной особенностью такого типа правовых систем является доминирование нормативно-правого акта в системе источников права при сохранении значительной роли судебной практики. Принципы права применяются при рассмотрении конкретного дела.

10.5. Translate an abstract from Unidroit Convention into Russian in writing:

UNIDROIT CONVENTION ON STOLEN OR ILLEGALLY EXPORTED

CULTURAL OBJECTS

(Rome, 24 June 1995)

THE STATES PARTIES TO THIS CONVENTION,

ASSEMBLED in Rome at the invitation of the Government of the Italian Republic from 7 to 24 June 1995 for a Diplomatic Conference for the adoption of the draft UNIDROIT Convention on the International Return of Stolen or Illegally Exported Cultural Objects,

CONVINCED of the fundamental importance of the protection of cultural heritage and of cultural exchanges for promoting understanding between peoples, and the dissemination of culture for the well-being of humanity and the progress of civilisation,

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Unit 10. Comparative law

DEEPLY CONCERNED by the illicit trade in cultural objects and the irreparable damage frequently caused by it, both to these objects themselves and to the cultural heritage of national, tribal, indigenous or other communities, and also to the heritage of all peoples, and in particular by the pillage of archaeological sites and the resulting loss of irreplaceable archaeological, historical and scientific information,

DETERMINED to contribute effectively to the fight against illicit trade in cultural objects by taking the important step of establishing common, minimal legal rules for the restitution and return of cultural objects between Contracting States, with the objective of improving the preservation and protection of the cultural heritage in the interest of all,

EMPHASISING that this Convention is intended to facilitate the restitution and return of cultural objects, and that the provision of any remedies, such as compensation, needed to effect restitution and return in some States, does not imply that such remedies should be adopted in other States,

AFFIRMING that the adoption of the provisions of this Convention for the future in no way confers any approval or legitimacy upon illegal transactions of whatever kind which may have taken place before the entry into force of the Convention,

CONSCIOUS that this Convention will not by itself provide a solution to the problems raised by illicit trade, but that it initiates a process that will enhance international cultural co-operation and maintain a proper role for legal trading and inter-State agreements for cultural exchanges,

ACKNOWLEDGING that implementation of this Convention should be accompanied by other effective measures for protecting cultural objects, such as the development and use of registers, the physical protection of archaeological sites and technical co-operation,

RECOGNISING the work of various bodies to protect cultural property, particularly the 1970 UNESCO Convention on illicit traffic and the development of codes of conduct in the private sector,

HAVE AGREED as follows:

CHAPTER I – SCOPE OF APPLICATION AND DEFINITION

Article 1

This Convention applies to claims of an international character for:

(a)the restitution of stolen cultural objects;

(b)the return of cultural objects removed from the territory of a Contracting State contrary to its law regulating the export of cultural objects for the purpose of protecting its cultural heritage (hereinafter “illegally exported cultural objects”).

(Taken from: https://www.unidroit.org/instruments/cultural-property/1995-convention)

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Reports Section

10.6. Choose a topic to prepare a 3-minute report:

-a tax haven

-a tax avoidance vs tax evasion

-globalization vs glocalisation

-UNIDROIT

-HCC

-unification of private international law

-theological legal systems

-comparative law

Writing Section

10.7. Answer the questions below in writing (aim at 150 words for each).

1)What are the main differences and similarities between common law and civil law?

2)Why is comparative law growing in importance?

Reading Section

10.8. Read the article below and:

-name the differences between globalism and globalization;

-explain what is “thick” and “thin” globalism;

-list the flows of globalism and give your own examples.

Globalism Versus Globalization

What are the different spheres of globalism – and how are they affected by globalization?

Globalism versus globalization? Many people would think the two terms refer to the same phenomenon. However, there are important differences between the two. Globalism, at its core, seeks to describe and explain nothing more than a world which is characterized by networks of connections that span multi-continental distances. It attempts to understand all the interconnections of the modern world – and to highlight patterns that underlie (and explain) them.

In contrast, globalization refers to the increase or decline in the degree of globalism. It focuses on the forces, the dynamism or speed of these changes.

In short, consider globalism as the underlying basic network, while globalization refers to the dynamic shrinking of distance on a large scale. Globalism is a phenomenon with ancient roots. Thus, the issue is not how old globalism is, but rather how “thin” or “thick” it is at any given time. As an

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