- •Preface
- •The Author
- •Contributors
- •Table of Contents
- •1.1 Introduction*
- •1.2.1 Isotropic Crystals
- •1.2.2 Uniaxial Crystals
- •1.2.3 Biaxial Crystals
- •1.3.1 Isotropic Crystals
- •1.3.2 Uniaxial Crystals
- •1.3.3 Biaxial Crystals
- •1.3.4 Dispersion Formulas for Refractive Indices
- •1.3.5 Thermooptic Coefficients
- •1.4 Mechanical Properties
- •1.4.1 Elastic Constants
- •1.4.2 Elastic Moduli
- •1.4.3 Engineering Data
- •1.5 Thermal Properties
- •1.5.1 Melting Point, Heat Capacity, Thermal Expansion, and Thermal Conductivity
- •1.5.2 Temperature Dependence of Heat Capacity for Selected Solids
- •1.5.3 Debye Temperature
- •1.6 Magnetooptic Properties
- •1.6.1 Diamagnetic Materials
- •1.6.2 Paramagnetic Materials
- •1.6.3 Ferromagnetic, Antiferromagnetic, and Ferrimagnetic Materials
- •1.7 Electrooptic Properties
- •1.7.1 Linear Electrooptic Coefficients
- •1.7.2 Quadratic Electrooptic Materials
- •1.8 Elastooptic Properties
- •1.8.1 Elastooptic Coefficients
- •1.8.2 Acoustooptic Materials
- •1.9 Nonlinear Optical Properties
- •1.9.1 Nonlinear Refractive Index*
- •1.9.2 Two-Photon Absorption*
- •1.9.3 Second Harmonic Generation Coefficients
- •1.9.4 Third-Order Nonlinear Optical Coefficients
- •1.9.5 Optical Phase Conjugation Materials*
- •2.1 Introduction
- •2.2 Commercial Optical Glasses
- •2.2.1 Optical Properties
- •2.2.3 Mechanical Properties
- •2.2.4 Thermal Properties
- •2.3 Specialty Optical Glasses
- •2.3.1 Optical Properties
- •2.3.2 Mechanical Properties
- •2.3.3 Thermal Properties
- •2.4 Fused (Vitreous) Silica*
- •2.5 Fluoride Glasses
- •2.5.1 Fluorozirconate Glasses
- •2.5.2 Fluorohafnate Glasses
- •2.5.3 Other Fluoride Glasses
- •2.6 Chalcogenide Glasses
- •2.7 Magnetooptic Properties
- •2.7.1 Diamagnetic Glasses
- •2.7.2 Paramagnetic Glasses
- •2.8 Electrooptic Properties
- •2.9 Elastooptic Properties
- •2.10 Nonlinear Optical Properties
- •2.10.1 Nonlinear Refractive Index*
- •2.10.2 Two-Photon Absorption
- •2.10.3 Third-Order Nonlinear Optical Coefficients
- •2.10.4 Brillouin Phase Conjugation
- •2.11 Special Glasses
- •2.11.1 Filter Glasses
- •2.11.2 Laser Glasses
- •2.11.3 Faraday Rotator Glasses
- •2.11.4 Gradient-Index Glasses
- •2.11.5 Mirror Substrate Glasses
- •2.11.6 Athermal Glasses
- •2.11.7 Acoustooptic Glasses
- •2.11.8 Abnormal Dispersion Glass
- •3.1 Optical Plastics
- •3.2 Index of Refraction
- •3.3 Nonlinear Optical Properties
- •3.4 Thermal Properties
- •3.5 Engineering Data
- •4.1 Physical Properties of Selected Metals
- •4.2 Optical Properties
- •4.3 Mechanical Properties
- •4.4 Thermal Properties
- •4.5 Mirror Substrate Materials
- •5.1 Introduction
- •5.2 Water
- •5.2.1 Physical Properties
- •5.2.2 Absorption
- •5.2.3 Index of Refraction
- •5.3 Physical Properties of Selected Liquids
- •5.3.1 Thermal conductivity
- •5.3.2 Viscosity
- •5.3.3 Surface Tension
- •5.3.4 Absorption
- •5.4 Index of Refraction
- •5.4.1 Organic Liquids
- •5.4.2 Inorganic Liquids
- •5.4.3 Calibration Liquids
- •5.4.4 Abnormal Dispersion Liquids
- •5.5 Nonlinear Optical Properties
- •5.5.1 Two-Photon Absorption Cross Sections
- •5.5.2 Nonlinear Refraction
- •5.5.3 Kerr Constants
- •5.5.4 Third-Order Nonlinear Optical Coefficients
- •5.5.5 Stimulated Raman Scattering
- •5.5.6 Stimulated Brillouin Scattering
- •5.6 Magnetooptic Properties
- •5.6.1 Verdet Constants of Inorganic Liquids
- •5.6.2 Verdet Constants of OrganicLiquids
- •5.6.3 Dispersion of the Verdet Constants
- •5.7 Commercial Optical Liquids
- •6.1 Introduction
- •6.2 Physical Properties of Selected Gases
- •6.3 Index of Refraction
- •6.4 Nonlinear Optical Properties
- •6.4.2 Two-Photon Absorption
- •6.5 Magnetooptic Properties
- •6.6 Atomic Resonance Filters
- •Appendices
- •Safe Handling of Optical Materials
- •Fundamental Physical Constants
- •Units and Conversion Factors
APPENDIX IV
Fundamental Physical Constants
Quantity |
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Symbol |
Value |
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speed of light in vacuum |
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c |
299 792 458 m/s |
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permeability of vacuum, 4π x 10-7 |
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µ0 |
1.256 |
637 061 4 × 10-6 N/A2 |
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permittivity of vacuum, 1/µ0c2 |
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ε0 |
8.854 |
187 817 × 10-12 F/m |
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Planck constant |
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h |
6.626 075 5 × 10-34 J s |
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elementary charge |
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e |
1.602 |
177 33 × 10-19 C |
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magnetic flux quantum, h/2e |
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Φ0 |
2.067 |
834 61 × 10-15 Wb |
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electron mass |
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m |
9.109 |
389 7 × 10-31 kg |
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e |
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623 1 × 10-27 kg |
proton mass |
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mp |
1.672 |
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fine structure constant, µ0ce2/2h |
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α |
7.297 |
353 08 × 10-3 |
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inverse fine-structure constant |
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1/α |
137.035 989 5 |
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Rydberg constant, mecα2/2h |
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Ry, R∞ |
10 973 731.534 m-1 |
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Bohr radius, α/4πR |
∞ |
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0 |
0.529 |
177 249 × 10-10 m |
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a |
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Hartree energy, e2/4πε0a0 = 2R∞hc |
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Eh |
4.359 |
748 2 × 10-18 J |
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in eV, Eh/e |
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27.211 396 1 eV |
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Compton wavelength, h/mec |
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λC |
2.426 |
310 58 × 10-12 m |
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classical electron radius, α2a |
0 |
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r |
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2.817 |
940 92 × 10-15 m |
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e |
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015 4 × 10-24 J/T |
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Bohr magneton, eh/4πm |
e |
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µ |
B |
9.274 |
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nuclear magneton, eh/4πm |
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µ |
N |
5.050 |
786 6 × 10-27 J/T |
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p |
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770 1 × 10-24 J/T |
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electron magnetic moment |
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µe |
9.284 |
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magnetic moment anomaly, µ |
e/ |
µ |
B |
– 1 |
a |
1.159 |
653 193 × 10-3 |
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e |
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electron g factor, 2(1 + ae) |
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ge |
2.002 |
319 304 386 |
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proton gyromagnetic ratio |
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γp |
2.675 |
221 28 × 108 s-1T-1 |
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Avogadro constant |
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N |
6.022 |
136 7 × 1023 mol-1 |
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A |
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Boltzmann constant, R/NA |
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k |
1.380 |
658 × 10-23 J/K |
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Faraday constant, NAe |
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F |
96 485.309 C/mol |
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molar gas constant |
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R |
8.314 |
510 J/mol K |
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Stefan-Boltzmann constant |
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s |
5.670 |
51 × 10-8 W/m2 K4 |
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References: |
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Cohen, E. R., and Taylor, B. N., The 1986 |
adjustment of the fundamental |
physical constants, Rev. |
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Mod. Phys. 59, 1121 (1987).
Taylor, B. N., and Cohen, E. R., Recommended values of the fundamental physical constants: a status report, J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. 95, 497 (1990).
For updated values see NIST Web site: physics.nist.gov/constants.
© 2003 by CRC Press LLC
APPENDIX V
Units and Conversion Factors
Energy E(eV)
Multiply E(eV) by 1.6022 × 10-19 to convert to E(J)
Multiply E(eV) by 8065.5 to convert to E(cm-1)
Photon energy (eV) = 1.2398/λvacuum(µm)
Linear absorption coefficient α (cm-1) = (4πn × 104/λ)k, where n is the index of refraction of the material, the wavelength λ is in microns (µm), and k is the complex index of refraction.
Two-photon absorption coefficient β (m/W)
β (m/W) = (N/E)σ2, where N is the number density of molecules per cm3, E is the photon energy (J), σ2 is the two-photon absorption cross section (cm4 s/molecule). Multiply β (m/W) by 10-9 to convert to the CGS system (cal/cm s/erg)
Nonlinear index of refraction γ (m2/W)
Multiply γ (m2/W) by 2.386 × 106n to convert to the esu system, where n is the index of refraction of the material.
n2[cm3/erg] = 238.7n γ[cm2/W]
Linear electrooptic coefficient r (m/V)
Multiply r (m/V) by 2.9979 × 104 to convert to the CGS system (cm/statvolt)
Kerr constant B (10-16m V2)
Multiply B (10-16m V2) by 8.988 × 106 to convert to the CGS system (cm/statvolt2)
Verdet constant V (rad/T m)
Multiply V (rad/T m) by 3.438 × 10-3 to convert to the CGS system (min/Oe cm)
Temperature T(K)
Temperature T(˚C) = T(K) – 273.15
Specific heat capacity cp (J/kg K)
Multiply cp (J/kg K) by 2.388 × 10-4 to convert to the CGS system (cal/g K)
Thermal conductivity κ (W/m K)
Multiply κ (W/m K) by 2.388 × 10-3 to convert to the CGS system (cal/cm s K)
Hardness (Knoop or Vickers)
1 kgf/mm2 = 9.8066 N/mm2
Pressure, mechanical stress (Pa)
1Pa = 1 N/m2 = 1 kg/m s2 105 Pa = 1 bar
1psi = 6.9 x 103 Pa
© 2003 by CRC Press LLC