- •Preface
- •The Author
- •Contributors
- •Table of Contents
- •1.1 Introduction*
- •1.2.1 Isotropic Crystals
- •1.2.2 Uniaxial Crystals
- •1.2.3 Biaxial Crystals
- •1.3.1 Isotropic Crystals
- •1.3.2 Uniaxial Crystals
- •1.3.3 Biaxial Crystals
- •1.3.4 Dispersion Formulas for Refractive Indices
- •1.3.5 Thermooptic Coefficients
- •1.4 Mechanical Properties
- •1.4.1 Elastic Constants
- •1.4.2 Elastic Moduli
- •1.4.3 Engineering Data
- •1.5 Thermal Properties
- •1.5.1 Melting Point, Heat Capacity, Thermal Expansion, and Thermal Conductivity
- •1.5.2 Temperature Dependence of Heat Capacity for Selected Solids
- •1.5.3 Debye Temperature
- •1.6 Magnetooptic Properties
- •1.6.1 Diamagnetic Materials
- •1.6.2 Paramagnetic Materials
- •1.6.3 Ferromagnetic, Antiferromagnetic, and Ferrimagnetic Materials
- •1.7 Electrooptic Properties
- •1.7.1 Linear Electrooptic Coefficients
- •1.7.2 Quadratic Electrooptic Materials
- •1.8 Elastooptic Properties
- •1.8.1 Elastooptic Coefficients
- •1.8.2 Acoustooptic Materials
- •1.9 Nonlinear Optical Properties
- •1.9.1 Nonlinear Refractive Index*
- •1.9.2 Two-Photon Absorption*
- •1.9.3 Second Harmonic Generation Coefficients
- •1.9.4 Third-Order Nonlinear Optical Coefficients
- •1.9.5 Optical Phase Conjugation Materials*
- •2.1 Introduction
- •2.2 Commercial Optical Glasses
- •2.2.1 Optical Properties
- •2.2.3 Mechanical Properties
- •2.2.4 Thermal Properties
- •2.3 Specialty Optical Glasses
- •2.3.1 Optical Properties
- •2.3.2 Mechanical Properties
- •2.3.3 Thermal Properties
- •2.4 Fused (Vitreous) Silica*
- •2.5 Fluoride Glasses
- •2.5.1 Fluorozirconate Glasses
- •2.5.2 Fluorohafnate Glasses
- •2.5.3 Other Fluoride Glasses
- •2.6 Chalcogenide Glasses
- •2.7 Magnetooptic Properties
- •2.7.1 Diamagnetic Glasses
- •2.7.2 Paramagnetic Glasses
- •2.8 Electrooptic Properties
- •2.9 Elastooptic Properties
- •2.10 Nonlinear Optical Properties
- •2.10.1 Nonlinear Refractive Index*
- •2.10.2 Two-Photon Absorption
- •2.10.3 Third-Order Nonlinear Optical Coefficients
- •2.10.4 Brillouin Phase Conjugation
- •2.11 Special Glasses
- •2.11.1 Filter Glasses
- •2.11.2 Laser Glasses
- •2.11.3 Faraday Rotator Glasses
- •2.11.4 Gradient-Index Glasses
- •2.11.5 Mirror Substrate Glasses
- •2.11.6 Athermal Glasses
- •2.11.7 Acoustooptic Glasses
- •2.11.8 Abnormal Dispersion Glass
- •3.1 Optical Plastics
- •3.2 Index of Refraction
- •3.3 Nonlinear Optical Properties
- •3.4 Thermal Properties
- •3.5 Engineering Data
- •4.1 Physical Properties of Selected Metals
- •4.2 Optical Properties
- •4.3 Mechanical Properties
- •4.4 Thermal Properties
- •4.5 Mirror Substrate Materials
- •5.1 Introduction
- •5.2 Water
- •5.2.1 Physical Properties
- •5.2.2 Absorption
- •5.2.3 Index of Refraction
- •5.3 Physical Properties of Selected Liquids
- •5.3.1 Thermal conductivity
- •5.3.2 Viscosity
- •5.3.3 Surface Tension
- •5.3.4 Absorption
- •5.4 Index of Refraction
- •5.4.1 Organic Liquids
- •5.4.2 Inorganic Liquids
- •5.4.3 Calibration Liquids
- •5.4.4 Abnormal Dispersion Liquids
- •5.5 Nonlinear Optical Properties
- •5.5.1 Two-Photon Absorption Cross Sections
- •5.5.2 Nonlinear Refraction
- •5.5.3 Kerr Constants
- •5.5.4 Third-Order Nonlinear Optical Coefficients
- •5.5.5 Stimulated Raman Scattering
- •5.5.6 Stimulated Brillouin Scattering
- •5.6 Magnetooptic Properties
- •5.6.1 Verdet Constants of Inorganic Liquids
- •5.6.2 Verdet Constants of OrganicLiquids
- •5.6.3 Dispersion of the Verdet Constants
- •5.7 Commercial Optical Liquids
- •6.1 Introduction
- •6.2 Physical Properties of Selected Gases
- •6.3 Index of Refraction
- •6.4 Nonlinear Optical Properties
- •6.4.2 Two-Photon Absorption
- •6.5 Magnetooptic Properties
- •6.6 Atomic Resonance Filters
- •Appendices
- •Safe Handling of Optical Materials
- •Fundamental Physical Constants
- •Units and Conversion Factors
Absorption Coefficient α for Water in the Infrared (T = 298 K)—continued
λ (nm) |
α (cm-1) |
λ (nm) |
α (cm-1) |
λ (nm) |
α (cm-1) |
19.0 |
2740 |
32 |
1270 |
90 |
749 |
19.5 |
2600 |
34 |
1220 |
100 |
669 |
20.0 |
2470 |
36 |
1200 |
110 |
607 |
21.0 |
2290 |
38 |
1190 |
120 |
551 |
22 |
2130 |
40 |
1210 |
130 |
497 |
23 |
2010 |
42 |
1220 |
140 |
449 |
24 |
1890 |
44 |
1250 |
150 |
415 |
25 |
1780 |
46 |
1260 |
160 |
390 |
26 |
1690 |
48 |
1280 |
170 |
367 |
27 |
1600 |
50 |
1290 |
180 |
348 |
28 |
1520 |
60 |
1230 |
190 |
331 |
29 |
1440 |
70 |
1030 |
200 |
317 |
30 |
1370 |
80 |
859 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reference:
Hale, G M. and Querry, M. R., Optical constants of water in the 200-nm to 200-_m wavelength region, Appl. Opt. 12, 555 (1973).
Heavy Water
Absorption Coefficient α for Heavy water*
λ (nm) |
α (10-4 cm-1) |
λ (nm) |
α (10-4 cm-1) |
λ (nm) |
α (10-4 cm-1) |
400 |
31.8 |
540 |
6.3 |
680 |
3.2 |
410 |
28.5 |
550 |
5.8 |
690 |
3.3 |
420 |
26.3 |
560 |
5.3 |
700 |
4.5 |
430 |
23.4 |
570 |
5.4 |
710 |
5.1 |
440 |
20.8 |
580 |
4.9 |
720 |
5.4 |
450 |
18.2 |
590 |
4.4 |
730 |
5.9 |
460 |
15.6 |
600 |
4.2 |
740 |
6.7 |
470 |
14.1 |
610 |
4.0 |
750 |
6.9 |
480 |
13.1 |
620 |
4.0 |
760 |
6.9 |
490 |
11.6 |
630 |
3.3 |
770 |
6.5 |
500 |
10.1 |
640 |
3.2 |
780 |
6.7 |
510 |
8.9 |
650 |
3.4 |
790 |
7.4 |
520 |
8.6 |
660 |
2.9 |
|
|
530 |
7.4 |
670 |
3.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Temperature: 296 ± 1.5 K
* 99.7% D2O
Reference:
Sullivan, S. A., Experimental study of the absorption in distilled water, artificial sea water, and heavy water in the visible region of the spectrum, J. Opt. Soc. Am. 53, 962 (1963). This reference contains additional values of α at wavelengths intermediate to those given above.
5.2.3 Index of Refraction
© 2003 by CRC Press LLC
Index of Refraction n of Water (298 K)
λ (µm) |
n(λ) |
λ (µm) |
n(λ) |
λ (µm) |
n(λ) |
0.200 |
1.396 |
2.70 |
1.188 |
6.0 |
1.265 |
0.225 |
1.373 |
2.75 |
1.157 |
6.1 |
1.319 |
0.250 |
1.362 |
2.80 |
1.142 |
6.2 |
1.363 |
0.275 |
1.354 |
2.85 |
1.149 |
6.3 |
1.357 |
0.300 |
1.349 |
2.90 |
1.201 |
6.4 |
1.347 |
0.325 |
1.346 |
2.95 |
1.292 |
6.5 |
1.339 |
0.350 |
1.343 |
3.00 |
1.371 |
6.6 |
1.334 |
0.375 |
1.341 |
3.05 |
1.426 |
6.7 |
1.329 |
0.400 |
1.339 |
3.10 |
1.467 |
6.8 |
1.324 |
0.425 |
1.338 |
3.15 |
1.483 |
6.9 |
1.321 |
0.450 |
1.337 |
3.20 |
1.478 |
7.0 |
1.371 |
0.475 |
1.336 |
3.25 |
1.467 |
7.1 |
1.314 |
0.500 |
1.335 |
3.30 |
1.1450 |
7.2 |
1.312 |
0.525 |
1.334 |
3.35 |
1.432 |
7.3 |
1.309 |
0.550 |
1.333 |
3.40 |
1.420 |
7.4 |
1.307 |
0.575 |
1.333 |
3.45 |
1.410 |
7.5 |
1.304 |
0.600 |
1.332 |
3.50 |
1.400 |
7.6 |
1.302 |
0.625 |
1.332 |
3.6 |
1.385 |
7.7 |
1.299 |
0.650 |
1.331 |
3.7 |
1.374 |
7.8 |
1.297 |
0.675 |
1.331 |
3.8 |
1.364 |
7.9 |
1.294 |
0.700 |
1.331 |
3.9 |
1.357 |
8.0 |
1.291 |
0.725 |
1.330 |
4.0 |
1.351 |
8.2 |
1.286 |
0.750 |
1.330 |
4.1 |
1.346 |
8.4 |
1.281 |
0.775 |
1.330 |
4.2 |
1.342 |
8.6 |
1.275 |
0.800 |
1.329 |
4.3 |
1.338 |
8.8 |
1.269 |
0.825 |
1.329 |
4.4 |
1.334 |
9.0 |
1.262 |
0.850 |
1.329 |
4.5 |
1.332 |
9.2 |
1.255 |
0.875 |
1.328 |
4.6 |
1.330 |
9.4 |
1.247 |
0.900 |
1.328 |
4.7 |
1.330 |
9.6 |
1.239 |
0.925 |
1.328 |
4.8 |
1.330 |
9.8 |
1.229 |
0.950 |
1.327 |
4.9 |
1.328 |
10.0 |
1.218 |
0.975 |
1.327 |
5.0 |
1.325 |
10.5 |
1.185 |
1.00 |
1.327 |
5.1 |
1.322 |
11.0 |
1.153 |
1.20 |
1.324 |
5.2 |
1.317 |
11.5 |
1.126 |
1.40 |
1.321 |
5.3 |
1.312 |
12.0 |
1.111 |
1.60 |
1.317 |
5.4 |
1.305 |
12.5 |
1.123 |
1.80 |
1.312 |
5.5 |
1.298 |
13.0 |
1.146 |
2.00 |
1.306 |
5.6 |
1.289 |
13.5 |
1.177 |
2.20 |
1.296 |
5.7 |
1.277 |
14.0 |
1.210 |
2.40 |
1.279 |
5.8 |
1.262 |
14.5 |
1.241 |
2.60 |
1.242 |
5.9 |
1.248 |
15.0 |
1.270 |
2.65 |
1.219 |
6.0 |
1.265 |
15.5 |
1.197 |
|
Index of |
Refraction n of Water (298 K) |
—continued |
|
|
λ (µm) |
n(λ) |
λ (µm) |
n(λ) |
λ (µm) |
n(λ) |
© 2003 by CRC Press LLC
15.5 |
1.197 |
26 |
1.539 |
60 |
1.703 |
16.0 |
1.325 |
27 |
1.545 |
70 |
1.821 |
16.5 |
1.351 |
28 |
1.549 |
80 |
1.886 |
17.0 |
1.376 |
29 |
1.551 |
90 |
1.924 |
17.5 |
1.401 |
30 |
1.551 |
100 |
1.957 |
18.0 |
1.423 |
32 |
1.546 |
110 |
1.966 |
18.5 |
1.443 |
34 |
1.536 |
120 |
2.004 |
19.0 |
1.461 |
36 |
1.527 |
130 |
2.036 |
19.5 |
1.476 |
38 |
1.522 |
140 |
2.056 |
20.0 |
1.480 |
40 |
1.519 |
150 |
2.069 |
21.0 |
1.487 |
42 |
1.522 |
160 |
2.081 |
22 |
1.500 |
44 |
1.530 |
170 |
2.094 |
23 |
1.511 |
46 |
1.541 |
180 |
2.107 |
24 |
1.521 |
48 |
1.555 |
190 |
2.119 |
25 |
1.531 |
50 |
10587 |
200 |
2.130 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reference:
Hale, G M. and Querry, M. R., Optical constants of water in the 200-nm to 200-µm wavelength region, Appl. Opt. 12, 555 (1973).
Index of refraction n of water (300 K)
λ (nm) |
n |
Ref. |
|
λ (nm) |
n |
Ref. |
214.44 |
1.4032 |
1 |
746 |
1.332 |
3 |
|
303.4 |
1.3581 |
1 |
752 |
1.332 |
3 |
|
360 |
1.353 |
3 |
758 |
1.332 |
3 |
|
404.66 |
1.342742 |
2 |
769 |
1.331 |
3 |
|
408 |
1.344 |
3 |
781 |
1.331 |
3 |
|
435.84 |
1.340210 |
2 |
794 |
1.331 |
3 |
|
449 |
1.337 |
3 |
806 |
1.331 |
3 |
|
486.13 |
1.337123 |
2 |
813 |
1.331 |
3 |
|
508.6 |
1.3360 |
1 |
820 |
1.330 |
3 |
|
546.07 |
1.334466 |
2 |
833 |
1.330 |
3 |
|
556 |
1.333 |
3 |
847 |
1.330 |
3 |
|
587.56 |
1.333041 |
2 |
862 |
1.330 |
3 |
|
589.3 |
1.332988 |
2 |
877 |
1.330 |
3 |
|
632.8 |
1.331745 |
2 |
893 |
1.329 |
3 |
|
656.28 |
1.331151 |
2 |
909 |
1.329 |
3 |
|
670.8 |
1.3308 |
1 |
926 |
1.329 |
3 |
|
690 |
1.332 |
3 |
935 |
1.329 |
3 |
|
© 2003 by CRC Press LLC
Index of Refraction n of Water (300 K)—continued
λ (nm) |
n |
Ref. |
|
λ (nm) |
n |
Ref. |
990 |
1.328 |
3 |
1471 |
1.321 |
3 |
|
1000 |
1.328 |
3 |
1493 |
1.320 |
3 |
|
1010 |
1.328 |
3 |
1515 |
1.320 |
3 |
|
1020 |
1.328 |
3 |
1538 |
1.319 |
3 |
|
1031 |
1.328 |
3 |
1563 |
1.319 |
3 |
|
1042 |
1.328 |
3 |
1587 |
1.318 |
3 |
|
1053 |
1.328 |
3 |
1613 |
1.318 |
3 |
|
1070 |
1.328 |
3 |
1639 |
1.317 |
3 |
|
1087 |
1.327 |
3 |
1667 |
1.316 |
3 |
|
1099 |
1.327 |
3 |
1695 |
1.315 |
3 |
|
1111 |
1.327 |
3 |
1724 |
1.314 |
3 |
|
1124 |
1.327 |
3 |
1754 |
1.314 |
3 |
|
1136 |
1.326 |
3 |
1786 |
1.313 |
3 |
|
1149 |
1.326 |
3 |
1802 |
1.312 |
3 |
|
1163 |
1.326 |
3 |
1818 |
1.312 |
3 |
|
1176 |
1.326 |
3 |
1852 |
1.311 |
3 |
|
1190 |
1.325 |
3 |
1887 |
1.310 |
3 |
|
1205 |
1.325 |
3 |
1927 |
1.309 |
3 |
|
1220 |
1.325 |
3 |
1961 |
1.307 |
3 |
|
1235 |
1.325 |
3 |
2000 |
1.306 |
3 |
|
1250 |
1.324 |
3 |
2041 |
1.305 |
3 |
|
1266 |
1.324 |
3 |
2083 |
1.303 |
3 |
|
1282 |
1.324 |
3 |
2128 |
1.301 |
3 |
|
1299 |
1.324 |
3 |
2198 |
1.296 |
3 |
|
1316 |
1.324 |
3 |
2273 |
1.291 |
3 |
|
1333 |
1.323 |
3 |
2326 |
1.285 |
3 |
|
1351 |
1.323 |
3 |
2381 |
1.281 |
3 |
|
1370 |
1.323 |
3 |
2439 |
1.276 |
3 |
|
1389 |
1.322 |
3 |
2500 |
1.268 |
3 |
|
1408 |
1.322 |
3 |
2564 |
1.257 |
3 |
|
1429 |
1.321 |
3 |
2632 |
1.239 |
3 |
|
1443 |
1.321 |
3 |
|
|
|
|
References:
1.Kaye, G. W. and Laby, T. H., Tables of Physical and Chemical Constants (Longmans, Green & Co., London, 1959).
2.James, A. M. and Lord, M. P., Macmillan's Chemical and Physical Data (Macmillan, London, 1992).
3.Palmer, K. F. and Williams, D., J. Opt. Soc. Am. 64, 1107 (1974).
© 2003 by CRC Press LLC
Index of Refraction of Water at Different Temperatures and Wavelengths
|
|
Wavelength (nm) |
|
|
|
|
T (ºC) |
226.50 |
361.05 |
404.41 |
589.00 |
632.80 |
1013.98 |
0 |
1.39450 |
1.34896 |
1.34415 |
1.33432 |
1.33306 |
1.32612 |
10 |
1.39422 |
1.34870 |
1.34389 |
1.33408 |
1.33282 |
1.32591 |
20 |
1.39336 |
1.34795 |
1.34315 |
1.33336 |
1.33211 |
1.32524 |
30 |
1.39208 |
1.34682 |
1.34205 |
1.33230 |
1.33105 |
1.32424 |
40 |
1.39046 |
1.34540 |
1.34065 |
1.33095 |
1.32972 |
1.32296 |
50 |
1.38854 |
1.34373 |
1.33901 |
1.32937 |
1.32814 |
1.32145 |
60 |
1.38636 |
1.34184 |
1.33714 |
1.32757 |
1.32636 |
1.31974 |
70 |
l.38395 |
1.33974 |
1.33508 |
1.32559 |
1.32438 |
1.31784 |
80 |
1.38132 |
1.33746 |
1.33284 |
1.32342 |
1.32223 |
1.31576 |
90 |
1.37849 |
1.33501 |
1.33042 |
1.32109 |
1.31991 |
1.31353 |
100 |
1.37547 |
1.33239 |
1.32784 |
1.31861 |
1.31744 |
1.31114 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reference:
From Schiebener, P., Straub, J. Levelt Sengers, J. M. H., and Gallagher, J. S., J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 19, 677 (1990) and the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 75th edition, Lide, D. R., Ed. (CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1994).
Temperature Derivative of the Index of Refraction n of Water
λ (nm) |
dn/dT × 106 (K–1) |
Ref. |
λ (nm) |
dn/dT × 106 (K–1) |
Ref. |
226.50 |
–128 (293–303 K) |
1 |
589.3 |
–80 (293 K) |
4 |
361.05 |
–113 (293–303 K) |
1 |
|
–97 (293–298 K) |
2 |
404.41 |
–110 (293–303 K) |
1 |
632.8 |
–96 (293–298 K) |
2 |
404.66 |
–101 (293–298 K) |
2 |
|
–98.5 (298 K) |
3 |
435.84 |
–100 (293–303 K) |
1 |
|
–106 (293–303 K) |
1 |
486.13 |
–99 (293–298 K) |
2 |
656.28 |
–96 (293–298 K) |
2 |
546.07 |
–98 (293–298 K) |
2 |
706.52 |
–95 (293–298 K) |
2 |
|
–100 (298 K) |
3 |
1013.98 |
–100 (293–303 K) |
1 |
587.56 |
–97 (293–298 K) |
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
References:
1.Schiebener, P., Straub, J., Levelt Sengers, J. M. H., and Gallagher, J. S., J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 19, 677 (1990).
2.Kaye, G. W. and Laby, T. H., Tables of Physical and Chemical Constants (Longman Group, London, 1986).
3.Hauf, W. and Grigull, U., Optical Methods in Heat Transfer (Academic Press, New York, 1970).
4.Kaye, G. W. and Laby, T. H., Tables of Physical and Chemical Constants (Longmans, Green & Co., London, 1959).
© 2003 by CRC Press LLC