2.6 Chalcogenide Glasses

Chalcogenide Glass-Forming Systems

System

Example glass (atomic %)

As-S

As 40, S 60

As-Se

As 40, Se 60

Ge-S

Ge 20, S 80

Ge-Se

Ge 20, Se 80

Ge-As-S

Ge 25, As 15, S 60

Ge-As-Se

Ge 33, As 12, Se 55

Ge-As-Te

Ge 10, As 20, Te 70

Ge-Se-Te

Ge 22, Se 20, Te 58

Ge-Sb-Se

Ge 28, Sb 12, Se 60

Ge-P-S

Ge 70, P 5, S 25

Ge-As-Se-Te

Ge 30, As 13, Se 27, Te 30

Glass

Refractive Index (nλ), λ in µm

[dn/dT]λ

(atomic %)

n2

n3

n4

n5

n8

n10

n12

(10–5K–1)

As40, S60

2.4268

2.4152

2.4116

2.4074

2.3937

2.3822

–

[0.9]5

As40, Se60

–

–

–

–

2.7789

2.7789

2.7738

–

Ge20, Se80

–

–

–

–

2.4071

2.4027

2.3973

–

Ge25, As15, Se60

2.22

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Ge10, As20, Se70

–

–

–

–

2.4649

2.4594

2.4526

–

Ge10, As30, Se60

–

–

–

–

2.6256

2.6201

2.6135

–

Ge10, As40, Se50

–

–

–

–

2.6108

2.6067

2.6016

Ge33, As13, Se55

2.5310

2.5184

2.5146

2.5112

2.5036

2.4977

2.4902

[7.2]10.6

Ge10, As20, Te70

–

–

–

3.55

–

–

–

–

Ge28, Sb12, Se60

–

2.6266

2.6210

2.6173

2.6088

2.6023

2.5942

[9.1]10

Ge30, As13, Se27, Te30 –

2.8818

2.8732

2.8688

2.8610

2.8563

2.8509

[15]10

Thermal

Young’s

Fracture

Glass

Tg

expansion

Density

Hardness

modulus

toughness

(atomic %)

(°C)

(10–6/°C)

(g/cm3)

(kg/mm2)

(G Pa)

(N mm–3/2)

As40, S60

180

21.4

3.15

109(K)

15.9

–

As40, Se60

178

21.0

4.62

–

–

–

Ge20, Se80

154

24.8

4.37

147(V)

–

–

Ge25, As15, Se60

425

12.8

3.00

200(K)

–

–

Ge10, As20, Se70

159

24.8

4.47

154(V)

16.5

6.7 ± 0.4

Ge10, As30, Se60

210

190

4.51

176(V)

18.0

7.1 ± 0.6

Ge10, As40, Se50

222

20.9

4.49

173(V)

15.9

7.4 ± 0.8

Ge 33, As13, Se55

362

12.0

4.40

170(K)

22.1

–

Ge10, As20, Te70

–

18.0

–

111(K)

–

–

Ge28, Sb12, Se60

277

13.5

4.67

159(K)

21.5

–

Ge30, As13, Se27, Te30

262

12.8

4.91

226(V)

–

–

K, Knoop; V, Vickers

As-based

Ge-based

Te-based

Other

systems

systems

systems

systems

As-S-Cl

Ge-S-Br

Te-Cl

Sb-S-Br

As-S-Br

Ge-S-I

Te-Br

Sb-S-I

As-S-I

Ge-S-Ag-I

Te-S-Cl

Sb-Se-I

As-Se-Br

Ge-As-S-I

Te-S-Br

Si-S-Cl

As-Se-I

Ge-Se-Br

Te-S-I

Si-S-I

As-Se-In-I

Ge-Se-I

Te-Se-Cl

Si-Se-I

As-Te-Br

Ge-Te-I

Te-Se-Br

Cs-Al-S-Cl

As-Te-I

Te-Se-I

Cs-Ga-S-Cl

Te-Se-As-I

Thermal

Glass

Tg

expansion

Density

Hardness

nλ

(atomic %)

(°C)

(10–6/°C)

(g/cm3)

(kg/mm2)

(λ in µm)

As 30, S 60, Br 10

120

–

3.1

110

–

As 30, Se 60, Br 10

70

–

4.33

110

–

As 30, Te 60, Br 10

95

–

4.92

110

–

As 40, S 50, Cl 10

145

46.7

2.62

71

–

As 30, S 60, Cl 10

122

49.0

4.26

40

–

Ge 30, S 60, Br 10

322

–

–

–

1.883 (0.63)

Ge 30, S 60, I 10

370

–

2.90

–

2.0 (0.63)

Te 60, Cl 40

82

31.0

4.63

–

–

Te 60, Br 40

73

–

–

–

–

Te 60, I 40

44

–

–

–

–

Te 50, Sl6.7, Cl 33.3

80

33.0

–

–

–

Te 50, Se16.7, Cl 33.3

81

–

4.2

–

–

Te 30, S 50, Cl 20

73

74

–

–

–

Te 30, S 50, Br 20

64

60

–

–

–

Te 50, S 16.7, Br 33.3

71

33

–

–

–

Te 50, Se 30, Br20

–

–

–

–

2.86 (10.6)

Te10, Se 70, I 20

53

44.6

4.6

–

–

Te 30, Se 25, I 45

49

–

–

–

–

Te 30, Se 30, I 40

48

62.7

5.0

–

2.80 (10.6)

Te 20, Se 30, As 40 I 10

120

–

4.71

–

2.87 (10.6)