Добавил:
Upload Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз: Предмет: Файл:
Скачиваний:
97
Добавлен:
12.03.2015
Размер:
2.6 Mб
Скачать

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

%X

#

CCTV&'$

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

.

 

 

 

 

(3.9)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

VX

 

 

 

 

 

H(9%#1&9" (3.10) 1/'(9%-8

9" /'

=18"9 , ;&" /'

99%-%#

-"7(9"!

"##()

1 8(

+%#)%&1)

#%*#(; &%82#",

&.%. !"4EE

$ %#& (!&

9#"1&

"/'%-%8)%+","

"#( +"@#"

1; &(&2

 

/"1&")##?+.

<"82*=)12

4& +

='(9#%# %+, *#(;%# % %( +"@#" #(3&

 

'(1;%?+ +%&"-"+. <' +%#))

'(1;%?3 +%&"-, 1>"-)

* &",",

;&" E=#!$ ) L'(#( 8 #%3#(,

%% +"@#"

/'%-1&(9

&2 9 9 -% ='(9#%# ) /')+"3:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

G # a " x

b ,

 

 

 

 

 

&.%.

 

 

(V

X

V

)"10E S

# a"V

b .

 

 

 

(3.10)

 

 

 

 

 

CT

 

 

CT

 

 

 

 

 

N#(;%# )

!"4EE $ %#&"9

a

 

b

#(>"-)&

1

/"+"K2F

+%&"-(

#( +%#20 > !9(-'(&"9

'(11; &?9(F& V # !a /b .

H%*=82&(&? '(1;%","

+%&"-( (/" 1'(9#%# F 1 ,'(E ;%1! +)

+%F& +%#20=F /",'%0#"1&2.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

H 1. 3.2. L'(E ;%1! 3 9(' (#& +%&"-( L'(#( /'

"/'%-%8%#

"#"9

+%&"-"+ +#","!'(?> -"7(9"!

 

 

 

<",'%0#"1&2 #(>"@-%# )

V&'$

+%&"-"+

L'(#(

"/'%-%8)%&1)

/",'%0#"1&2F *+%'%# ) "7:%+"9,

/"&%#$ (8( 48%!&'"-(

E8=!&=($ %3

9%8 ; #? S. O=#!$ ) L'(#( 8 #%3#(

"7'(K(%&1) 9 #=82 /'

*#(;%#

71

VCT # !V&'$

&"82!" 9

&"+ 18=;(%,

!",-(

S

°

1">'(#)F&

/"1&")##?%

*#(;%# ) 9 /'"$%11% *+%'%# 3. D*+%#%# % S

 

° 9#"1 & 9 '%*=82&(&

(#(8 *(

1=K%1&9%##=F

/",'%0#"1&2,

/' ;%+

 

1 =9%8 ;%# %+

*(')-(

"/'%-%8)%+"," #"#( /",'%0#"1&2 9"*'(1&(%&: E8=!&=($ ) S #( ='"9#% 2%

/' 9"- &

!

"0 7!%

9

1% -8)

-9=>*(')-#?>

"#"9

0,5%

- -8)

"-#"*(')-#?>.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

84;$)($! 30=/'2 .0%$9 – &

&'"9(#

% -" *(-(##"," /"&%#$ (8(. C18

%1&2 9"*+"@#"1&2 "$%# &2 /"&%#$ (8 9 !"#%;#"3 &";!% & &'"9(# ) (4&" /'"1&" 1-%8(&2, *(/ 1(9 /'%-9(' &%82#=F !' 9=F & &'"9(# ) 1 /"+"K2F

(9&"& &'(&"'(), +"@#" 9"1/"82*"9(&21) 4& + 1/"1"7"+.

3.4. @'!)(0=:>%% A*$:(0'3';

H(*#""7'(* % DJM "7=18"98%#" 7"820 + !"8 ;%1&9"+ "/'%-%8)%+?>

"#"9 1/%$ E !"3 (#(8 * '=%+?> "7:%!&"9. A(/' +%', -8) "/'%-%8%# )

(!& 9#"1& "#"9 !(8 ) 9 /";9%, 9 ,8=7 #% +"'), 9 !'"9 "/%'=%+","

8 9

!8%&";#"3 @ -!"1& #=@#? '(*8 ;#?% !"#1&'=!$ !(8 %9"," DJM.

P8)

-9=> /%'9?> 1=K%1&9%##? /'";#"1&2 +%+7'(#?, 1/"1"7#"1&2 9?-%'@ 9(&2

7"820 % #('=@#?% -(98%# ) #( 7"820"3 ,8=7 #% 9 +"'%

*(K K(&2 "&

/"-*%+#?>

@ 9"?>, ;%'9%3

#(1%!"+?> 9 /";9%.

P8)

4& > $%8%3 9

+%+7'(#= 99"-)& /'";#?3 !('!(1. P8) "/'%-%8%# ) Q 9 !'"9

#%"7>"- +?

48%!&'"-? +(8?> '(*+%'"9. 5 18=;(% 7 "> + ;%1! >

*+%'%# 3 9 !8%&!%

&'%7=%&1) + !'"48%!&'"-, 1 /"+"K2F !"&"'"," 9#=&'

 

!8%&! *+%')F&

(!& 9#"1&2

"#"9 A+, Q+, Na+, Cl-, Ca2+

-'. Q"#; ! &(!"," + !'"!(&%&%'(

+%%& - (+%&' 0,5 – 1 + !'"+%&'. A( ' 1.3.3 1>%+(& ;%1!

*"7'(@%# &(!"3

+ !'"48%!&'"-, %," !"'/=1 9?/"8#%#

* *(!(8%##","

1&%!8(, @ -!()

+%+7'(#( #(>"- &1) #( !"#; !% – ,8%,

9" 9#=&'%## 3 9"-#?3 '(1&9"'

/",'=@%# 9#=&'%## 3 91/"+",(&%82#?3 48%!&'"-.

72

H 1.3.3. Q"#1&'=!$ + !'"48%!&'"-"9 -8) 9#=&' !8%&";#?>

*+%'%# 3R

1 – 'Q-1&%!8"; 2 – *"8)$ ) (8(!); 3 – 9#=&'%## 3 '(1&9"'; 4 – 'A- 8 'Na-

1&%!8"; 5 – *"8)$ ) (1&%!8"); 6 – 1&%!8)##() /8(98%#() +%+7'(#(; 7 – $%+%#&; 8 –

*(!(8%##"% 1&%!8"; 9 – @ -! 3 "#""7+%## !

<'

1"*-(#

+ # (&F'#?>

48%!&'"-"9 ";%#2

4EE%!& 9#?+

"!(*(8"12 "1=K%1&98%# % &9%'-"," !"#&(!&( +%@-=

"#"1%8%!& 9#"3

+%+7'(#"3

 

&"!""&9"-"+ 48%!&'"-(.

M& + 1!8F;(%&1)

9#=&'%## 3

'(1&9"' 9 DJM, ( *#(; &, &(! % 48%!&'"-? +"@#" /' +%#)&2 9 8F7"+

/"8"@%#

, -(@% «99%'> #",(+ » 9 =18"9 )> #%9%1"+"1& . I# #% 7")&1)

91&')> 9(# 3

> /"&%#$

(8? #% *(9

1)& "& 1"1&(9( 9#=&'%##%," '(1&9"'(.

A"9?+ #(/'(98%# %+ 9 "#"+%&'

)98)%&1) '(*'(7"&!( DJ<6,

9

!"&"'?> !"#&(!& +%@-=

"#"1%8%!& 9#"3 +%+7'(#"3

 

&"!""&9"-"+

"1=K%1&98)%&1) ;%'%* /"8=/'"9"-# !. 5 18=;(% &9%'-"," !"#&(!&( 9 DJM

1(+"% "1#"9#"% – 4&" "7%1/%; &2 "7'(& +?3 /%'%>"-

"& "##"3

/'"9"- +"1&

+%+7'(#? ! 48%!&'"##"3 /'"9"- +"1& &"!""&9"-(. <'"K%

91%," &(!"3 /%'%>"- '%(8 *=%&1) 9 48%!&'"-(> 1 &9%'-?+

+%+7'(#(+

#(

73

"1#"9% 1"8%3 1%'%7'(, !"&"'?% "78(-(F& "-#"9'%+%##" "##"3,

48%!&'"##"3 /'"9"- +"1&2F.

A( ' 1. 3.4 – 3.9 /'%-1&(98%#? 9"*+"@#?% E"'+? *+%' &%82#?> 48%!&'"-"9.

 

 

*

 

+

 

,

 

6

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3"

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2

1

H 1. 3.4. 6 /? @ -!"1?> 48%!&'"-"9:

) – 48%!&'"- 1 /"' 1&"3 +%+7'(#"3, /'"/ &(##"3 @ -! + #"#""7+%## !"+ (1), 1

9#=&'%## + '(1&9"'"+ (2) 9#=&'%## + 1'(9# &%82#?+ 48%!&'"-"+ (3); * - 48%!&'"- 1 #%/"1'%-1&9%##?+ !"#&(!&"+ +%@-= "',(# ;%1!"3 9"-#"3 E(*(+ 1 @ -!"3

+%+7'(#"3 (1), 1" 1'(9# &%82#?+ 9#%0# + (4) 9#=&'%## + (3)

48%!&'"-(+ , 1

9#=&'%## + (2') 118%-=%+?+ (2") '(1&9"'(+ ; + - 48%!&'"- E '+?

Irion 1 @ -!"3

+%+7'(#"3 (1), #(1?K%##"3 @ -! + #"#""7+%## !"+, !"&"'?+ &(!@% *(/"8#)%&1)

/'"1&'(#1&9" (5), 1 9#=&'%## + '(1&9"'"+ (2) 91/"+",(&%82#?+ 48%!&'"-"+ (3); , -

48%!&'"- 1 @ -!"3 +%+7'(#"3 1 ;=91&9 &%82#"3 /"9%'>#"1&2F

(1) !"#&(!&"+ *

#%'@(9%FK%3 1&(8 (6); 7- , -'"E"7 * '"9(##?3 ,'(E &; 8 -

/"' 1&?3 ,'(E &

74

H 1. 3.5. M8%!&'"-? 1 &9%'-"3 +%+7'(#"3:

( - 48%!&'"- 1 &9%'-?+ 9#=&'%## + !"#&(!&"+; * - 48%!&'"- 1" 1'(9# &%82#?+ 48%!&'"-"+ 9" 9#=&'%##%+ '(1&9"'% 48%!&'"8 &(; 1 - "#"1%8%!& 9#() +%+7'(#(; 2 -

'(1&9"' 48%!&'"8 &(; 3 - 1'(9# &%82#?3 48%!&'"-; 4 - !(7%82

H1. 3.6. M8%!&'"- 1 &9%'-"3 +%+7'(#"3:

1 - 48%!&'"-#"-(!& 9#?3 +(&%' (8; 2 - /"' 1&?3 ,'(E &, , -'"E"7 * '"9(##?3 &%E8"#"+; 3 - &%E8"#"9?3 !"'/=1; 4 - !"#&(!& * #%'@(9%FK%3 1&(8

75

1

2

3

4

H 1.3.7. D"#1%8%!& 9#?3 48%!&'"- 1 !' 1&(88 ;%1!"3 +%+7'(#"3R

1 – 9#=&'%## 3 48%!&'"-; 2 – !"'/=1; 3 – 9#=&'%## 3 '(1&9"'; 4 – +%+7'(#(

1

2

4

5

3

H1.3.8. L(*";=91&9 &%82#?3 48%!&'"-R

1 – #- !(&"'#?3 48%!&'"-; 2 – 48%!&'"- 1'(9#%# ); 3 – ,(*"/'"# $(%+() +%+7'(#(; 4 – /8(1& !"9() &'=7!(; 5 – 9#=&'%## 3 '(1&9"'

76

)

*

+

,

 

 

 

 

-

.

/

0

 

 

 

 

H 1. 3.9. 5"*+"@#?% E"'+? *+%' &%82#?> 48%!&'"-"9R

) – 0('""7'(*#() ("7?;#" -8) 1&%!8)##?> +%+7'(##?> 48%!&'"-"9); *

,8""7'(*#() ("7?;#" -8) 1&%!8)##?> +%+7'(##?> 48%!&'"-"9); + – /8"1!()

(1&%!8)##?% +%+7'(#? &9%'-?% 48%!&'"-?); , – !"#9%!$ "##() (1&%!8)##?% +%+7'(##?% 48%!&'"-?); - – '(1/"8"@%# % 9 /"&"!% (1&%!8)##?% +%+7'(##?% 48%!&'"-?); . – '(1/"8"@%# % 9 /"&"!% (&9%'-?% 48%!&'"-?); / – '(1/"8"@%# % 9 /"&"!%

(@ -!"1?% 48%!&'"-?); 0 – !"#1&'=!$ ) -8) + !'" *+%'%# 3 (&9%'-?% 48%!&'"-?)

S('(!&%' 1& ! DJM -(#? 9 /' 8"@%# .

/,.+!,01.2& 3,4!,'2

 

1.

I/ 0

&% /' #$ / "/'%-%8%# ) !"#$%#&'($

9%K%1&9 +%&"-"+

,'(-=

'"9";#"," ,'(E

!(.

 

 

 

2.

Q(! %

E(!&"'? #%"7>"- +" =; &?9(&2

/'

/"1&'"%#

,'(-=

'"9";#"," ,'(E

!(?

 

 

77

3.

I/ 0 &% +%&"- != /' ,"&"98%# ) 1&(#-('?> '(1&9"'"9 -8)

/"1&'"%# ) ,'(-= '"9";#"," ,'(E !(.

 

 

 

4.

I/ 0 &% /' #$ / "/'%-%8%# ) (!& 9#"1&

"#"9

+%&"-"+

,'(-= '"9";#"," ,'(E !(.

 

 

 

 

 

5.

T!(@ &% /'% +=K%1&9(

#%-"1&(&! :

 

 

 

• +%&"-( ,'(-= '"9";#"," ,'(E !(;

 

 

 

• +%&"-( -"7(9"!.

 

 

 

 

 

6.

P8) !(!","

!"#$%#&'($ "##"," - (/(*"#(

/' +%#)%&1)

='(9#%# % P%7()-SF!!%8)?

 

 

 

 

7.

<%'%; 18 &%

/"18%-"9(&%82#"1&2

"/%'($ 3

/'

/"&%#$ "+%&' ;%1!"+

"/'%-%8%#

!"#$%#&'($

 

118%-=%+","

!"+/"#%#&(R

 

 

 

 

 

• /" ,'(-= '"9";#"+= ,'(E !=;

 

 

 

 

+%&"-"+ -"7(9"!.

8.I/ 0 &% /' #$ / /"&%#$ "+%&' ;%1!"," & &'"9(# ) 1 DJM?

9.Q(! 98 )%& &%+/%'(&='( #( /"&%#$ "+%&' ;%1! % *+%'%# ) 1

DJM #( '%*=82&(& (#(8 *(?

 

 

 

10.

I/ 0 &% '(1;%?3

,'(E ;%1! % 1/"1"7? +%&"-( -"7(9"!.

11.

J"1&(92&%

1>%+=

=1&(#"9!

-8) /"&%#$ "+%&'

;%1!","

& &'"9(#

), /%'%; 18

&% "1#"9#?% %% 78"!

=!(@ &% > #(*#(;%#

%.

12.U&" &(!"% 48%!&'"- 1'(9#%# )?

13.I/ 0 &% /' #$ / '(7"&? >8"' -1%'%7')#"," !(8"+%82#"," 48%!&'"-"9 1'(9#%# ).

14.

<%'%; 18 &%

/"18%-"9(&%82#"1&2

"/%'($ 3

/'

/"&%#$ "+%&' ;%1!"+ & &'"9(#

1 DJM.

 

 

 

15.

<' 9%- &%

/' +%'?

DJM,

1/"82*=%+?>

/'

/"&%#$ "+%&' ;%1!"+ & &'"9(# .

 

 

 

16.

I/ 0 &% /' #$ /

(9&"+(& ;%1!","

/"&%#$ "+%&' ;%1!","

& &'"9(#

).

 

 

 

 

 

78

17.I/ 0 &% /"-,"&"9!= DJM ! '(7"&% #( !"#!'%"+ /' +%'%.

18.Q(! % &'%7"9(# ), /'%-:)98)F&1) ! 48%!&'"-= 1'(9#%# )?

19. I/ 0 &%

19"31&9(

DJM,

>('(!&%' *=FK %

%,"

4!1/8=(&($ "##?% >('(!&%' 1& ! .

20. 5 ;%+ 1>"-1&9" '(*8 ; ) +%@-= '(*#?+ & /(+ DJM?

21.<'%-1&(92&% !"#1&'=!$ F DJM: - 1 &9%'-"3 +%+7'(#"3; - 1 @ -!"3 +%+7'(#"3; - ,(*"9",";

- E%'+%#",".

22.<'%-8"@ &% !"#1&'=!$ F DJM -8) /'"9%-%# ) 7 "> + ;%1! > +%- $ #1! > 118%-"9(# 3.

23.<'%-8"@ &% DJM -8) "/'%-%8%# ) "',(# ;%1! > "#"9.

24. <'%-8"@ &% +%&"- ! "/'%-%8%# ) ,8F!"*?,

+";%9 #? 9

7 "@ -!"1&)>. I7:)1# &% +%>(# *+ E"'+ '"9(# )

48%!&'"-#","

/"&%#$ (8( 1 -(##?+ DJM.

 

79

B"43$* 4. C0%9$!$!%$ 87D ; "!"*%4$

4.1. E'3", .'#;", ;'43=-

M!1/'%11#"1&2, #(-%@#"1&2, 9"*+"@#"1&2 "/'%-%8%# ) 7%* #('=0%# )

$%8"1"1& "7:%!&( /' 98%!8 9# +(# % 1/%$

(8 1&"9 ! "#"+%&'

 

-8)

118%-"9(# ) "7:%!&"9

"!'=@(FK%3 1'%-?.

I&-%82#?% +%&"-

!

1

/' +%#%# %+ DJM 9"08

9 +%@-=#('"-#?% ,"1=-('1&9%##?% 1&(#-('&?.

5 /' '"-#?> "7:%!&(> (#(/' +%', 9 /";9(>) -8) '(*8 ;#?> /'"$%11"9 "7?;#" '%0(FK=F '"82 ,'(%& (!& 9#"1&2, !"&"'() "&'(@(%& '%(82#"%

=;(1& %

"#"9 9 /";9""7'(*"9(#

/ &(#

'(1&%# 3. 5 +"'1!"3 9"-%

Ca2+, S2-,

CO32! , HCO3! -

48%!&'"-?

/"*9"8)F& *=;(&2 !('7"#(?%,

1=82E(?%

1=82E -#?%

'(9#"9%1 ). DJM

=1/%0#" /' +%#)F& -8)

"/'%-%8%# ) 1"-%'@(# ) "1#"9#?> +(!'"!"+/"#%#&"9 +"'1!"3 9"-?: Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cl. P8) (#(8 *( "7:%!&"9 "!'=@(FK%3 1'%-? 9(@#?+ )98)%&1)

&"& E(!&, ;&" &"!1 ;#"1&2 9%K%1&9 *(9 1 & "&

> > + ;%1!"3 E"'+?

#(>"@-%# ) 9 /'"7%. D+%##" 1 4&"3 &";!

*'%# ) 18%-=%& '(11+(&' 9(&2

"1#"9#?% '(*8 ; ) +%@-= 19"7"-#?+

"#(+

"#(+ , 19)*(##?+

9

!"+/8%!1#?% 1"%- #%# ). G"820 #1&9"

#1&'=+%#&(82#?> +%&"-"9 (#(8 *(

/"*9"8)F& "/'%-%8 &2 "7K=F !"#$%#&'($ F 9%K%1&9, /"4&"+=

"#"+%&' ),

1/"1"7#() "$%# &2 (!& 9#"1&2 19"7"-#?>

"#"9,

,'(%& 7"820=F '"82 9

*=;%#

!"8 ;%1&9%##","

'(1/'%-%8%# )

-(##?> "#"9

+%@-=

 

>

'(*8 ;#?+

> + ;%1! + E"'+(+ .

 

 

 

 

 

 

J"*-(#? (9&"+(& ;%1! % =1&'"31&9( -8) /'"9%-%# ) 118%-"9(#

3.

5

&(78. 4.1 /'%-1&(98%#? #%!"&"'?% -(##?% /' +%#%# ) DJM 9

118%-"9(#

 

"7:%!&"9 "!'=@(FK%3 1'%-?.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

DJM #( "#? &)@%8?> +%&(88"9 /%'1/%!& 9#? -8) #(>"@-%# )

> 9

'(*8 ;#?> > + ;%1! > E"'+(> 9 '(1&9"'(>.

5 !(;%1&9% /' +%'( /"-"7#","

1/"82*"9(# ) DJM 9 > +

"!'=@(FK%3 1'%-? +"@#" /' 9%1& '(7"&= 1

1/"82*"9(# %+ DJM-Ju2+. 6"!1 ;#"1&2 +%-

/" ""0%# F ! "7 &(FK +

80

Соседние файлы в папке электр. хим