1 часть / электр. хим / electrods
.pdfB&%,0;& 4.1 (*+#$#,C!30!)
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!"#$ *+0/!3-." *+0 4#$!+C&300 F |
' 4"#93#5 '#$! >0,2 /7/$/3. D+#%< |
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• J8!51.2 '!(. |
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'#$< '<*&+0'&." 0 #"$!,-." 6"#+0$< *&+#'#5 $04"0,,-;0!5. +1 = 10 – 12. |
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!"#$ 7+&$80+#'#93#7# 7+&60(&. |
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0!'2",1!#81.2 |
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D+0%&',-." NaOH 0,0 HCl. V4,0 #%+&:#'&,4- #4&$#(, "# &3&,0: *+#'#$-" 4 |
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!"#$ 7+&$80+#'#93#7# 7+&60(&. @0&*&:#3 |
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#*+!$!,-!/<G (#3;!3"+&;05 0,2 – 2,0 /7/$/3. |
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SN:;:):<:;:< |
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D#7,#K!30! 4,#!/ Na2CO3 ' &%4#+%;0#33#5 "+8%(!, +&4"'#+!30! ' 0,1 |
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;0"+&"! 3&"+0- ' 10%-/ E"&3#,!. |
!"#$ 7+&$80+#'#93#5 :&'040/#4"0 Sx |
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P"#+#'#$#+#$ |
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• @8A!#B2"1.? |
K2HPO4, |
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0 *#"!3;0#/!"+09!4(0/ |
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#*+!$!,!30!/ ' *+048"4"'00 ;0"+&"3#7# %86!+3#7# +&4"'#+&. L+&$80+#'#93&- |
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:&'040/#4"A. H3"!+'&, 0:/!+-!/<G (#3;!3"+&;05 0,013-1/7//3. D#7+!?3#4"A |
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#*+!$!,!30- ±10%. D+!$!, #%3&+8C!30- 2 /(7 F– ' &3&,0:0+8!/#/ #%N!/!. |
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!"#$ 0:%0+&"!,!3 |
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' *+048"4"'00 #+7&309!4(0G 4#!$03!305. |
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#*+!$!,!30. CFClO 0 CF2O. |
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101
102
B&%,0;& 4.1 (*+#$#,C!30!)
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TF:;=<> |
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Cl– |
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@,- 30'!,0+#'&30- ',0-30- 0#33#7# 4#4"&'& '#$ 0:/!+!30- *+#'#$-" ' |
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*+048"4"'00 0,1-0,05 |
KNO3. D+0/!3!30! $#%&'#( 40% $0#(4&3& 0,0 50% |
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&;!"#3& *#:'#,-!" 430:0"A *+!$!, #%3&+8C!30- $# 0,3 /7/$/3. 2 $0&*&:#3! |
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• )!(% 0-8D2'%& - |
(#3;!3"+&;05 0,5-300 /7/$/3 #"3#40"!,A3&- *#7+!?3#4"A #*+!$!,!30- G,#+0$#' |
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0"-"!(1%& |
3! *+!'<?&!" 5%. |
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D+!$'&+0"!,A3&- #%+&%#"(& *+#%< 484*!3:0!5 AgCl $,- 84"+&3!30- |
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/!?&.K!7# ',0-30- Br–, I–, S2–. D+-/&- *#"!3;0#/!"+0-. |
!"#$ 7+&$80+#'#93#5 |
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:&'040/#4"0. |
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W,#+0$< #*+!$!,-." 4 ;!,A. 84"&3#',!30- $03&/0(0 !! 4/!?!30- 4 '#$&/0 |
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• !"#$-2 '!(. |
$+870G 04"#930(#'. |
0(+#*+#;!44#+3<5 |
0#3#/!+. |
!"#$ |
7+&$80+#'#93#5 |
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:&'040/#4"0. |
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@,- *#$$!+C&30- *#4"#-33#5 0#33#5 40,< 7#"#'-" +&4"'#+, 4#$!+C&K05 |
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• )!(. - #8!$- |
70% HNO3 0 NaBrO3. I"#" +&4"'#+ |
4/!?0'&." |
4# |
4"&3$&+"3</0 0 |
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&3&,0:0+8!/</0 +&4"'#+&/0 ' #"3#?!300 1 : 1. 0(+#*+#;!44#+3<5 0#3#/!+. |
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!"#$ 7+&$80+#'#93#5 :&'040/#4"0. |
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B&%,0;& 4.1 (*+#$#,C!30!)
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• )!(. 0-8D2'%& |
D+-/&- |
*#"!3;0#/!"+0-, |
/!"#$ |
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$#%&'#( 0,0 |
*#"!3;0#/!"+09!4(#! |
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"0"+#'&30! +&4"'#+#/ AgNO3 *+0 +1 = 2. |
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!?&." CO2, HCO3 , Br–, CN–, S2–, I–. |
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- 0"-"!(1%& |
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!"#$ L+&3&. |
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D+-/&- *#"!3;0#/!"+0-, /!"#$ $#%&'#(: %86!+ 4 +1 7,3 ' *+048"4"'00 2-3% |
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• :7!"!81%& - |
12)2. !?&.K!! |
',0-30! S2– |
0 S O2 |
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84"+&3-." #(04,!30!/ 0G |
12)2 *+0 |
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#8!51%& '!(% |
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+1=6,5–7,5, 6,#"#+!&7!3"< 3! /!?&.". S |
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= 0,02 – 0,04. |
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• J8%1(%"81.2 |
D+-/&- |
*#"!3;0#/!"+0-, |
/!"#$ |
7+&$80+#'#93#5 |
:&'040/#4"0, |
''!$!30! |
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"%#8'!". NaCl |
E"&3#,& ' +&4"'#+< *#'<?&!" 98'4"'0"!,A3#4"A &3&,0:&. |
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• M2S:4 (!8,!(. |
D+#'#$-" *+!$'&+0"!,A3#! #"$!,!30! Ti 0 Fe ' '0$! 70$+#(40$#'. D+-/&- |
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0"!-*'!(#8'% Cl– |
*#"!3;0#/!"+0-. |
!"#$ 7+&$80+#'#93#7# 7+&60(&. |
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8-8%1!'., 72/-/) |
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• :"3%1-52#$-2 |
D+-/&- *#"!3;0#/!"+0- 4 Cl--4!,!("0'3</ E,!("+#$#/ 3& #43#'! HgS/Hg2Cl2 |
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#!2(-121-&, |
' #%,&4"0 10-6-10-1 |
Cl-. |
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3%*!'.2 '.7"!#., |
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#8!51.2 '!(. |
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103
104
B&%,0;& 4.1 (*+#$#,C!30!)
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:;6@M=ULJE=L TF:;4;:=Q- ):<M>L
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)*+!$!,!30! '!K!4"' E(4"+&(;05 *!3"&3#/, 4C07&30! ' (#,%! |
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• )!(. 0-8D2'%& |
D#"!3;0#/!"+09!4(#! "0"+#'&30! +&4"'#+#/ AgNO3. |
– |
– |
, S |
2– |
. D+0 |
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!?&." Br |
, I |
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- 0"-"!(1%& |
#*+!$!,!300 10 /(7/$/3 Cl–. S |
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[5] |
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= 0,03. |
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TF:; |
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(!7P-?, !#8%8!51.?) |
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R &3&,0:0+8!/</ +&4"'#+&/ $#%&',-." +&4"'#+< (04,#"< 0 0#$0$&. |
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• Cl2 |
R#3;!3"+&;0. G,#+& #*+!$!,-." /0(+#*+#;!44#+3</ 0#3#/!+#/. @,- (#3"+#,- |
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(#3;!3"+&;05 G,#+& 30C! 10 /(7/$/3 *+0/!3-." &'"#/&"09!4(05 &3&,0:&"#+. |
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TF:;=< |
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):<:;:<@ |
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HCl |
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B&%,0;& 4.1 (*+#$#,C!30!)
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W,#+0$ '#$#+#$& 0: '#:$8G& *!+!'#$-" ' +&4"'#+. 200 , '#:$8G& |
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• )!*(+, |
*+#(&90'&." 4# 4(#+#4"A. 2,5 |
,//03. 9!+!: 3!%#,A?#5 #%N!/ 0,5 |
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+&4"'#+& |
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CH3COONa, *#,89!33<5 +&4"'#+ 0:',!(&." 0: ,#'8?(0 0 +&:%&',-.". |
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0(+#*+#;!44#+3<5 0#3#/!+. |
!"#$ 7+&$80+#'#93#5 :&'040/#4"0. |
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H=@M=<> |
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CN |
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D+#%8 &3&,0:0+8!/#7# +&4"'#+& *#$(04,-." H2SO4, #"7#3-." 0: 3!! HCN, |
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• )!(., #8!$-, |
*#7,#K&." !7# |
0,1 |
+&4"'#+#/ |
NaOH |
0 +&4"'#+ |
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"%##!/. |
0(+#*+#;!44#+3<5 0#3#/!+. L+&$80+#'#93&- :&'040/#4"A. D+!$!, |
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#%3&+8C!30- 0,3 /(7/4/3. |
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• )!*(+, |
D+-/&- *#"!3;0#/!"+0- 4 HFI – CN–, /!"#$ $#%&'#(. )*04&3< 4*#4#%< |
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84"+&3!30- /!?&.K!7# ',0-30- 48,A60$& 0 $+870G *+0/!4!5. |
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L&:##%+&:3<! *+#$8("< 47#+&30- *-"0 407&+!" 8,&',0'&." 60,A"+#/, |
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• J-3%"281.? |
(#"#+<5 +&4"'#+-." ' 5 · 10–3 |
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+&4"'#+! Pb(NO3)2 |
$,- 8$&,!3048,A60$&. U&"!/ |
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(.A |
$#%&',-." 0,1 |
+&4"'#+ |
NaOH. |
0(+#*+#;!44#+3<5 0#3#/!+. |
!"#$ |
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7+&$80+#'#93#5 :&'040/#4"0. |
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105
106
B&%,0;& 4.1 (#(#39&30!)
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6@F:6LM=<>, |
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• :"3%1-52#$-2 |
FC07&30! *+#%< ' )2, *#7,#K!30! +&4"'#+#/ N2H4·H2SO4, #(04,!30! I- 0 Br- |
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#!2(-121-& Cl , |
$# I2 0 Br2 0 0G #"$!,!30! $04"0,,-;0!5. D#"!3;0#/!"+09!4(#! "0"+#'&30! |
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Br , I |
+&4"'#+#/ AgNO3 +&:$!,!33<G 7&,#7!30$#' *#4,! '#44"&3#',!30- I2 0 Br2 |
$# |
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4##"'!"4"'8.K0G 0#3#', S |
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= 0,05. |
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4.2. 4-P2'.2 0"!(+$8.
H#3#/!"+09!4(0! /!"#$< ' &3&,0:! *0K!'<G *+#$8("#' *+!$4"&',!3< ' ,0"!+&"8+! [9 – 11]. 1&0%#,A?!! +&4*+#4"+&3!30! ' #;!3(! (&9!4"'& *0K!'<G *+#$8("#' *#,890,0 HFI 3& 30"+&"<, (&,05,
(&,A;05, 3&"+05, 7&,#7!30$< 0 $+. ("&%,. 4.2). I,!("+#$< *+0/!3-." $,- G&+&("!+04"0(0 "!+/#84"#590'#4"0 /#,#(&, #;!3(0 6&,A4060(&;00 0 (&9!4"'& *0K!'<G *+#$8("#' 0 $+.
X0+#(#! *+0/!3!30! *+0 &3&,0:! *0K!'<G *+#$8("#' *#,890, 30"+&"3<5 HFI. V7# *+0/!3-." $,- #*+!$!,!30- NO3 -0#3#' ' +&4"0"!,A3<G *+#$8("&GQ 4'!C0G 0 '<48?!33<G #'#K&G, *,#$&G,
E(4"+&("&G 0: 48G0G +&4"!305, (#+/&G, /-43<G 0 /#,#93<G *+#$8("&G,
*+#$8("&G $!"4(#7# *0"&30- 0 *0"A!'#5 '#$!. !?&.K!! ',0-30! G,#+0$-
0#3#' 84"+&3-." ''!$!30!/ 48,A6&"& 4!+!%+&, & 30"+0" – 48,A6&/03#'#5 (04,#"<. )"/!9&!"4- '<4#(#! 4#$!+C&30! 30"+&"#' ' +&330G #'#K&G.
B#(4093#4"A 30"+&"#' 0 30"+0"#' '<:'&3& "!/, 9"# ' #+7&30:/! "!*,#(+#'3<G C0'#"3<G 30"+&"< *+!'+&K&."4- ' 30"+0"< 0 $&,!! ' (&3;!+#7!33<! 30"+#:#&/03<. 10"+&"3<! E,!("+#$< 3&0%#,!! E66!("0'3< $,- /!"#$#' (#3"+#,- 4!,A4(#G#:-54"'!33<G *+#$8("#' 0 *+#$8("#' /-43#5 0 /#,#93#5 *+#/<?,!33#4"0.
)*04&3< /!"#$< #*+!$!,!30- G,#+0$-0#3#' ' +<%!, +&4"0"!,A3<G "(&3-G, /#,#(!, /-43<G E(4"+&("&G, 4#(&G, "#/&"&G. !"#$ '(,.9&!" *+!$'&+0"!,A38. #%+&%#"(8 #%+&:;#' HClO4 4 *#4,!$8.K0/ #*+!$!,!30!/ G,#+0$#' /!"#$#/ $#%&'#( 0,0 *# 7+&$80+#'#93#/8 7+&60(8. >!:8,A"&"< *#"!3;0#/!"+09!4(#7# #*+!$!,!30- 4#7,&48."4- 4 $&33</0 &+7!3"#/!"+09!4(#7# "0"+#'&30-.
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100 7 "#3(# +&:/#,#"#7# #%+&:;& 4/!?0'&." 4 300 4/3 '#$<, '4"+-G0'&." ' |
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109
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