1 часть / электр. хим / electrods
.pdfB&%,0;& 4.3 (*+#$#,C!30!)
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Q:F:N: |
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Au |
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=3&,0:0+8!/<5 +&4"'#+ +&:%&',-." 03!+"3</ 6#3#'</ +&4"'#+#/. |
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2'!$!30! 70$+&:0348,A6&"& *#'<?&!" 4!,!("0'3#4"A &3&,0:&. |
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• V/2$8"!/-8. *!/!521-& |
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D#4,! #G,&C$!30- *+#'#$-" *#"!3;0#/!"+09!4(0! 0:/!+!30-. |
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7+&$80+#'#93#5 :&'040/#4"0 4 HFI – [Au(CN2)] . |
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>&:%&',-." NaOH 0 "0"+8." AgNO3, *#,89&." 4(&9(0 "0"+#'&30- $,- |
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• 6%/D'%1-52#$-2 '%11. |
4'#%#$3#7# 0 4'-:&33#7# CN-. D#"!3;0#/!"+09!4(#! "0"+#'&30! *+#'#$-" 4 |
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HFI 3& #43#'! Ag2S. |
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J!: *#$7#"#'(0, *+-/&- *#"!3;0#/!"+0- 4 HFI – I . |
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B&%,0;& 4.3 (*+#$#,C!30!)
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9;: =< |
Br |
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• S!8![A+/D#-- |
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D+#%8 +&4"'#+-." |
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HNO3, |
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H4*#,A:8." |
*+-/8. |
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*#"!3;0#/!"+0. 4 HFI – Br-. |
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E@< =I |
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Cd2+ |
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D+0 30:(0G (#3;!3"+&;0-G (&$/0- #%+&:8!"4- "#3(05 4,#5 |
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• 6%/D'%1-52#$-2 '%11. |
7&,A'&309!4(#7# *#(+<"0-, |
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(#++#:00. |
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(/& 1%12#21-& 0!$".8-?, |
H:%<"#93#! 4#$!+C&30! (&$/0- – *+0903& *#,89!30- 3!+#'3#7# *#(+<"0-. |
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R #%+&:;8 $#%&',-." 5 |
+&4"'#+ NaNO3 |
' (&9!4"'! +!78,-"#+& 0#33#5 |
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#!(2"O%P-, BF4-. |
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40,<. 0(+#*+#;!44#+3<5 0#3#/!+. |
!"#$ 7+&$80+#'#93#5 :&'040/#4"0 4 |
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HFI – Cd2+. |
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E@F=I |
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E+ |
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R 3&'!4(! *+#%< *+0%&',-." 0,1 +&4"'#+ NaCl 0 *!+!/!?0'&." 4/!4A |
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• R(!7"21-& |
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' "!9!30! 10 /03. 0(+#*+#;!44#+3<5 0#3#/!+. |
!"#$ 7+&$80+#'#93#5 |
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:&'040/#4"0 4 HFI – K+. |
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B&%,0;& 4.3 (*+#$#,C!30!)
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L<G |
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Cu2+ |
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E-#/.2 [/2$8"!/-8. |
>&4"'#+< *+#%< +&:%&',-." 0,1 |
+&4"'#+#/ NaNO3 ' 4##"3#?!300 |
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1:100. 0(+#*+#;!44#+3<5 0#3#/!+. |
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3%/D'%1-52#$-, '%11 |
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HFI – Cu2+. |
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D#4,!$#'&"!,A3#! (#/*,!(4#3#/!"+09!4(#! "0"+#'&30! Cu2+ 0 Zn2+ 4 |
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6%/D'%1-52#$-2 |
04*#,A:#'&30!/ HFI – Cu2+. !?&.K!! ',0-30! Fe3+ 0 Cr3+ ' 4"#93<G |
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'%11., #8!51.2 '!(. |
'#$&G /&4(0+8!"4- %86!+3#5 4/!4A., 4#$!+C&K!5 70$+#6"&,&" (&,0- 0 |
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6"#+0$ 3&"+0-. |
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D+048"4"'0! /!$0 ',0-!" 3& E,!("+09!4(0! G&+&("!+04"0(0 (+!/30-, |
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04*#,A:8!/#7# ' *#,8*+#'#$30(#'#5 *+#/<?,!33#4"0. |
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E"2A1-? |
)%+&:!; +&4"'#+-." ' 4/!40 6 |
HCl, 36%-3#7# +&4"'#+& 12)2 0 |
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/0(+#(#,09!4"' G,#+0$& :#,#"&. >&4"'#+ 8*&+0'&.", #4"&"#( +&4"'#+-." ' |
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&;!"!"3#/ %86!+3#/ +&4"'#+! (+1 5). |
!"#$ $#%&'#( L+&3&. |
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:UL)=M@ |
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123
124
B&%,0;& 4.3 (*+#$#,C!30!)
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#9!'038 *!+!'#$-" ' &//0&(, (#3;!3"+&;0. (#"#+#7# #*+!$!,-." 4 |
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*#/#KA. HFI – NH3. D+#%8 #%+&%&"<'&." $04"0,,0+#'&33#5 '#$#5. +1 |
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*#,89!33#5 '<"-C(0 $#'#$-" $# 7, 04*#,A:8- 0,1 |
HCl 0,0 0,1 NaOH. |
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• R(!7"21-& |
U&"!/ *#4,!$#'&"!,A3# +&:%&',-." "'!+$8. I@B=, |
*#+#?(##%+&:38. |
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8+!&:8 0 %86!+3<5 +&4"'#+ 4 +1 8. F/!4A #4"&',-." ' :&(+<"#/ 4#48$! 3& 2 |
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9&4& 0 :&"!/ +&:%&',-." 10 +&4"'#+#/ NaOH ' #"3#?!300 50:1. |
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0(+#*+#;!44#+3<5 0#3#/!+. |
!"#$ 7+&$80+#'#93#5 :&'040/#4"0. |
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M@N;=I |
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Na+ |
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=3&,0:0+8!/8. *8,A*8 +&:%&',-." ' 1000 |
+&: 0,05 |
+&4"'#+#/ |
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• H2//\/!*1.2 0+/D0. |
(NH4)2CO3. |
0(+#*+#;!44#+3<5 0#3#/!+. |
!"#$ |
7+&$80+#'#93#5 |
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:&'040/#4"0. |
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M=N;@N |
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NO3 |
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• =*'2#81&$ |
1&'!4(8 0:/!,A9!33#5 *+#%< 4/!?0'&." 4 0,01 |
+&4"'#+#/ K2SO4. |
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0(+#*+#;!44#+3<5 0#3#/!+. |
!"#$ 7+&$80+#'#93#5 :&'040/#4"0. |
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B&%,0;& 4.3 (*+#$#,C!30!)
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• <'+*%A2P211.? |
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D+-/&- *#"!3;0#/!"+0-, /!"#$ 7+&$80+#'#93#5 :&'040/#4"0. H3"!+'&, |
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!"8!B!#B%8 $%/DX-& |
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S |
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#*+!$!,-!/<G (#3;!3"+&;05 0,006 – 0,9%. |
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= 0,12-0,042. |
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1&'!4(8 0:/!,A9!33#5 *+#%< +&4"'#+-." ' +&:%&',!33#5 H2SO4. |
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D#,89!33<5 +&4"'#+ +&:%&',-." +&'3</ #%N!/#/ 0,5 +&4"'#+& Na2SO4. |
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• R(!7"21-& |
0(+#*+#;!44#+3<5 0#3#/!+. |
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7+&$80+#'#93#5 |
:&'040/#4"0. |
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=0,1. |
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D#"!3;0#/!"+09!4(#! "0"+#'&30! NO3 |
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30"+#3#/ ' |
*+048"4"'00 |
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%86!+& Na2SO4 + 6#+/0&". S |
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=0,005. D+-/&- *#"!3;0#/!"+0-, /!"#$ |
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• ;%#8'!". 0%//%(-2'., |
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[/2$8"!/-8!' |
7+&$80+#'#93#5 :&'040/#4"0 ' *+048"4"'00 &;!"!"3#7# %86!+& 4 +1 = 5 0 |
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=0,06. H#3 NO2- *+0 4##"3#?!300 NO2- - NO3- = 1:25 3! /!?&!" |
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Na2SO4. S |
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#*+!$!,!30.. |
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• N"%'-/D1.2 '%11. |
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F"&3$&+"3<5 +&4"'#+ 4#$!+C0" KNO3, I@B= 0 &//0&(. =,0('#"38. |
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9&4"A &3&,0:0+8!/#7# |
+&4"'#+& |
*+0%&',-." |
' 4##"3#?!300 1:10 ( |
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4"&3$&+"3#/8 +&4"'#+8. |
!"#$ $#%&'#(. |
0(+#*+#;!44#+3<5 0#3#/!+. |
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125
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B&%,0;& 4.3 (*+#$#,C!30!)
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I(4"+&(;0- NO3 #%+&%#"(#5 |
#%+&:;& |
+&4"'#+#/ HBO3. D+-/&- |
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*#"!3;0#/!"+0-. |
!"#$ 7+&$80+#'#93#5 |
:&'040/#4"0, *+0%&',-." |
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• Ag2O |
(NH4)2SO4 $,- 4#:$&30- *#4"#-33#5 0#33#5 40,<. D+0 #*+!$!,!300 0,11 – |
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0,027% NO3 |
S |
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= 0,013-0,21. |
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• PbSiO3 |
I(4"+&70+8." NO3 |
'#$#5. D+-/&- *#"!3;0#/!"+0-, /!"#$ 7+&$80+#'#93# |
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:&'040/#4"0, /!"#$ 4"&3$&+"3<G $#%&'#(. D#7+!?3#4"A ±7%. |
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4L;TF:;@N> |
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- |
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ClO4 |
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FC07&." ' %#/%! D&++& $,- *!+!'!$!30- *!+G,#+&"#' ' G,#+0$<. L&: |
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• )*".'5%8.2 '2P2#8'% |
&%4#+%0+8." |
' +&4"'#+ 70$+&:0348,A6&"&, |
$#%&',-." HNO3 0 E"&3#,. |
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D#"!3;0#/!"+09!4(#! "0"+#'&30! +&4"'#+#/ Hg(NO3)2 4 +1 = 1 4 HFI – Cl-. |
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• N'2"(.2 "%$281.2 |
1&'!4(8 |
*+#%< |
+&4"'#+-." ' |
$04"0,,0+#'&33#5 '#$!. D+#'#$-" |
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*#"!3;0#/!"+09!4(#! "0"+#'&30! +&4"'#+#/ G,#+0$& "!"+&6!30,&+4#30- 4 |
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8!0/-'% |
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HFI – ClO4 . |
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B&%,0;& 4.3 (*+#$#,C!30!)
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J)=MLH |
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Pb2+ |
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•6%/D'%1-52#$-2 '%11. |
=3&,0:0+8!/<5 +&4"'#+ +&:%&',-." |
4*0+"#/ 1:1 0 *+#'#$-" |
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*#"!3;0#/!"+09!4(#! "0"+#'&30! Na2MoO4 4 HFI – Pb2+. |
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• E"%#$- |
>&4"'#+-." ' HNO3, $#'#$-" &;!"&"3</ %86!+3</ +&4"'#+#/ $# +1 5-6, |
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+&:%&',-." 4*0+"#/ (1:1). !"#$ 4"&3$&+"3<G $#%&'#(. |
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JL;L9;: Ag+ |
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• 6%/D'%1-52#$-2 '%11. |
D+#%8 +&4"'#+-." ' #"3#?!300 1:1000 $04"0,,0+#'&33#5 '#$#5. !"#$ |
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$#%&'#( 4 48,A60$4!+!%+-3</ E,!("+#$#/. |
0(+#*+#;!44#+3<5 0#3#/!+. |
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='"#/&"09!4(#! *#"!3;0#/!"+09!4(#! "0"+#'&30! 4 HFI 3& #43#'! |
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• 28%//-52#$!2 #2"27"! - |
Ag2S/AgCl. H#3 Pd2+ '3#40" *#,#C0"!,A38. 404"!/&"09!4(8. *#7+!?3#4"A |
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#0/%'. 1% 23! !#1!'2 |
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' +!:8,A"&" "0"+#'&30-. S |
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=3·10-4-4·10-4. |
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• 6!"1.2 0!"!(. |
)*+!$!,!30! 4!+!%+& 4 HFI 3& #43#'! Ag(CN)2- 4 9!"'!+"093</ |
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&//#30!'</ #43#'&30!/ "+03#30,#("&$!;0,&//#30-. 1!+&4"'#+0/<! |
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6"#+0$< #"$!,-.". @,- +&:+8?!30- ;0&30$3<G (#/*,!(4#' /!$0 0 +"8"0 |
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''#$-" $#*#,30"!,A3<! (#/*,!(4##%+&:#'&"!,0. |
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128
B&%,0;& 4.3 (*+#$#,C!30!)
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JL;@ |
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F!+8 #(04,-." $# SO42- 0 "0"+8." +&4"'#+#/ Pb(ClO4)2 4 HFI – Pb2+. |
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1&'!4(8 '<48?!33#5 *+#%< *#/!K&." ' %#/%8 D&++&, :&*#,3!338. |
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• E%A211.? +3!/D |
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D+0%&',-." +&'3<5 #%N!/ 1,4-$0#(4&3&. F!+8 #(04,-." $# SO42- 0#3#' 0 |
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2 :&'040/#4"0 #" "0*& *+#%< 4!+8 #(04,-." 4/!4A. HNO3 0 HClO4 0,0 |
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• H2//\/!*1%& 0+/D0% |
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(#,#3(8 4 Al2O3, E,.0+8." +&4"'#+#/ &//0&(&. I,.&" 4/!?0'&." 4 |
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0:#*+#*&3#,#/ ' #"3#?!300 1:4 0 "0"+8." 0,05 +&4"'#+#/ Pb(ClO4)2. |
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JRFGS@N> |
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D#"!3;0#/!"+09!4(#! "0"+#'&30! 4 HFI – Pb2+. |
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SO42- |
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>&4"'#+!30! *+#%< ' HClO4 *+0 3&7+!'&300. B0"+#'&30! +&4"'#+#/ |
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• MgO |
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S |
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=0,015-0,5. |
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Pb(ClO4)2 *+0 +1=3 ' '#$3#-E"&3#,A3#5 4+!$! (20% #%.). |
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B&%,0;& 4.3 (#(#39&30!)
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>&:,#C!30! *+#%< 10%-3#5 HNO3 *+0 3&7+!'&300. )"$!,!30! (&"0#3#' |
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3& (&"0#30"!, "0"+#'&30! +&4"'#+#/ Pb(ClO4)2 *+0 +1=4-6 ' *+048"4"'00 |
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• 9!"#!(2"O%P-2 "+(. |
NaNO3 $,- *#$$!+C&30- *#4"#-33#5 0#33#5 40,< 0 La(NO3)3 |
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#4&C$!30- 6#46&"#' ' 4+!$! 55-60% &;!"#3&. S |
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= 0,0037. |
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• 4"-"!(1.2 #+/DB-(. |
>&:,#C!30! *+#%< ' 4/!40 HNO3 c HCl (3:1) 0 G+#/&"#7+&609!4(#! |
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#"$!,!30! SO4 |
2- |
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[5] |
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O2/2*% |
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' 50%-3#/ E"&3#,!. S |
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<0,003. |
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129
!"#$%"&$%
1. |
P#/03 L.F. 2#$&. R#3"+#,A G0/09!4(#5, %&("!+0&,A3#5 |
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4*+&'#930(. – |
.Q D+#"!("#+, 2002. |
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2. |
F*+&'#93#! +8(#'#$4"'# *# *+0/!3!30. 0#34!,!("0'3<G |
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E,!("+#$#'Q D!+. 4 &37,. – |
.: 0+, 1986. |
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3. |
R. R&//&3. >&%#"& 4 0#34!,!("0'3</0 E,!("+#$&/0. – .: |
0+, |
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1980. |
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4. |
07$,0 @., B#++!34 R. D#"!3;0#/!"+09!4(05 &3&,0: '#$<.- |
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0+, 1980. |
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5. |
H#3#/!"+0- ' 3!#+7&309!4(#/ &3&,0:!. Y.=. @!/03&, 1.J. |
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R+&43#'& 0 $+. – |
.: W0/0-, 1991. |
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6. |
F.H 8+&'A!'&, 1.H. R&:303&, |
V.R. D+#G#+#'&. F*+&'#930( *# |
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(#3"+#,. '+!$3<G '!K!4"' ' '#:$8G!. – |
.Q W0/0-, 1988. |
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7. |
@/0"+0!' |
.B., |
R&:303& |
1.H., D03703& H.=. F&30"&+3#- |
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G0/09!4(05 &3&,0: :&7+-:3-.K0G '!K!4"' ' #(+8C&.K!5 4+!$!. – |
.Q |
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W0/0-, 1989. |
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8. |
)*+!$!,!30! 3#+/0+8!/<G (#/*#3!3"#' ' *+0+#$3<G 0 4"#93<G |
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'#$&G. /D#$ +!$. |
. . F!3-'03&, J.P. |
-4#!$#'&. - .Q 1&8(&, 1987. |
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9.!"#$< &3&,0:& *0K!'<G *+#$8("#'/H: 4!+00 D+#%,!/<
&3&,0"09!4(#5 G0/00, B. 8 - D#$ +!$. \.=. R,-9(#, F. . J!,!3A(#7#. - |
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1&8(&, 1988. |
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10. |
R+84A L.1., X&,<703& =. ., 2#,#(0"03& U.2. |
!"#$< |
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044,!$#'&30- /#,#(& 0 /#,#93<G *+#$8("#'./D#$ #%K. +!$&(;0!5 =. . |
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X&,<703#5. – .Q R#,#4F, 2002. |
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11. |
Y.D. J+840,#'4(05, 2.D. X0$,#'4(&-. H#3#/!"+09!4(05 /!"#$ |
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(#3"+#,- &3#+/&,A3#7# /#,#(&.// #,#93&- *+#/<?,!33#4"A. – |
1998. |
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]6. – F. 19 – 20. |
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12. |
).2. U85, =.2. B!+,!;(&-. >&;0#3&,A3<! /!"#$< #*+!$!,!30- |
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&30#3#' ' '#$&G.//W0/0- 0 "!G3#,#70- '#$<. – 1994. – B.16, ]4. – F.
130