- •Учреждение образования
- •Contents
- •II. Match the verbs on the left with the nouns on the right and use the phrases in the sentences of your own.
- •III. Match the following nouns with the groups of adjectives.
- •IV. Match Russian and English equivalents.
- •V. Answer the questions using the active vocabulary.
- •VI. Job hunting is not easy nowadays. Read the text and say what problems Arthur had while looking for a job. Looking for a Job
- •VII. Answer the following questions.
- •VIII. Supply the missing questions.
- •IX. Answer the following questions. Work in pairs. Compare your answers with your partner’s.
- •XI. A) What’s your idea of an ideal job? What do you look for in an ideal job? Choose eight points on the list that you consider the most important.
- •XII. Seven people were asked ‘What do you like about your work?’ Here are parts of their answers. Match the parts.
- •1.2 Applying for a Job
- •II. Read the following job advertisement. Discuss the qualifications and experience that an applicant might mention in a letter. Complete the job application.
- •III. Use the words from the list to complete the letter of application.
- •IV. A resume is a summary of your personal information and experience. It is important to present it very clearly. Make your own using this one as an example.
- •1.3 Job Interview
- •Before the Interview
- •At the Interview
- •II. Work out the meanings of the following words from the context.
- •III. Read the following interview. Do you think Arthur will get a job? Why? Why not? Job Interview
- •Imagine you are having a job interview and make your own conversation with a partner using the dialogue above as an example.
- •1.4 Teaching as Career
- •I. Read the following conversation and say who/what influences people’s choice of a career. Worrying about a Child’s Future
- •II. Discuss with your partner who/what influenced your choice of profession.
- •III. Teaching is a noble and rewarding job, but there are a lot of difficulties in teaching. Read the following text and find out what problems a young teacher may face. Assistant Teacher
- •IV. Answer the questions.
- •An Ideal Language Teacher: What is He Like?
- •VI. Name the personal and technical abilities, according to the above description which are most important for the language teacher at school.
- •III. Find in the text the English equivalents for the following phrases.
- •IV. Read the following extract. Translate the underlined phrases and use them in the sentences of your own.
- •V. Compare the atmosphere of the school described above to that of the school where you had your teaching practice. Use the following words and expressions:
- •VI. Read the following conversation and give the reported version of it. After the First Lesson
- •VII. Translate into Russian.
- •VIII. Speak about your teaching practice according to the following plan.
- •1.6 Consolidation
- •III. Creative Writing
- •Education
- •2.1 Schooling
- •I. Learn the following words to use them in the vocabulary exercises.
- •II. Complete the sentences using the prompts in the brackets.
- •III. Complete the sentences choosing the appropriate phrase.
- •IV. Which verbs go with which nouns? Translate your word combinations into Russian.
- •V. Complete the following sentences using expressions of Ex. IV.
- •VI. Learn the useful expressions and then fill in the gaps with one of the words given below.
- •VII. Choose the correct word in each of the following sentences using the chart above to help you.
- •VIII. Before reading the text discuss the following questions with your partner.
- •Winston Churchill’s Prep School
- •IX. Answer the following questions.
- •X. Discuss the questions of learning dead and modern languages with your partner.
- •2.2 British Education
- •II. Read the text again and answer the questions.
- •III. Complete the sentences according to the information given in the text.
- •V. Give the English equivalents for the following words.
- •VI. Decide which words can go under these titles. You can use the words more than once.
- •VII. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate word from the list.
- •X. Look at the fact files. What do they have in common? Are there any differences? Speak about them. Facts about us schools
- •Facts about uk schools
- •XI. Answer the following questions and make the same fact file about schools and schooling in your country.
- •XII. Compare the system of elementary and secondary education in Great Britain and Belarus. Find information to support your ideas.
- •2.3 An Ideal School
- •I. Read the text and make the list of ideas which can help to create a perfect school. The Idea of Summerhill
- •II. The text goes on to describe Summerhill. Before you read it, discuss what you think the answers to these questions are.
- •III. Read the text to the end and check your answers.
- •IV. Answer the questions.
- •2.4 Applying for a University
- •I. Read the following text and name each stage of the described university admission procedure. Applying for a University Place
- •II. Find in the text the English equivalents for the following Russian phrases.
- •VI. Do you think examinations are the best way to test students’ knowledge? Give your reasons for/against exams. The ideas below will help you.
- •2.5 British Universities
- •I. Match English and Russian equivalents.
- •II. Form the derivatives from the following words.
- •III. Match the words with the definitions.
- •IV. Read the following text and say what types of universities there are in Great Britain. British Universities
- •V. Answer the questions.
- •VI. Mark the statements that are true according to the text.
- •VII. Choose the right word.
- •VIII. Think of the words to complete the passage below.
- •IX. Complete the sentences and expand the ideas to make a short summary of the text.
- •X. Read about different types of British Universities and note down the main differences between them. Types of Universities
- •XI. Say which of them you would like to study at. Prove your choice.
- •XII. Insert the articles where necessary. Oxford
- •XIII. Render the following text into English. Кембридж
- •2.6 At the University
- •I. Look through the following text and find information to prove that
- •The Nottingham Trent University
- •II. Translate the sentences with the words and phrases in italics from the text.
- •III. Describe the University you study at and the Language Department of your University using the vocabulary of the text.
- •IV. Read the conversation and suggest a suitable title for it. Find out what topic is discussed.
- •V. Answer the questions.
- •VI. Read the excerpts of the letter, written by a student at Oxford, and compare each point with the practice of teaching and learning in Belarus.
- •VII. Discuss the following questions in pairs and make a short summary to report to the group.
- •2. 7 Consolidation
- •I. Complete the sentences using the appropriate derivatives of the words given on the right.
- •II. Fill in the blanks. The first letter of each missing word is given.
- •III. Match the English idioms with their Russian equivalents. Use the English idioms in the situations of your own.
- •IV. Translate into English using the vocabulary of Unit 2.
- •III. Creative Writing
IX. Answer the following questions.
In the first paragraph, what is the contrast that the writer makes between his new school and how he felt on his first day there?
What were some of his fears?
What did he do with his ‘three half-crowns’? Why?
Why didn’t Churchill understand the task that the Form Master set him? Do you think he knew what Latin was? Did he know what declensions are?
Why did the Form Master threaten to punish Churchill?
Churchill obviously felt very miserable on his first day at school. Find the words in the text that describe his negative attitude to the day.
X. Discuss the questions of learning dead and modern languages with your partner.
Have you ever learnt Latin or Greek?
How was it taught?
Have you ever learnt a modern language in the way Churchill had to learn Latin?
What do you think of learning in that way?
2.2 British Education
I. The system of education in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is considered to be one of the most complicated in the world. Look through the following text and find information proving this statement.
Education in Britain
The school system in the UK can proudly call itself one of the most complicated in Europe. Not only it is not the same across the kingdom but also a number of changes that have taken place in the last 50 years have made it equally confusing for a British person and for a foreigner.
Let’s start from the beginning. There are two types of schools in the UK: state schools where education is free and private schools where you have to pay.
Most state schools are given money by the government. Somestateschoolsaregrant-maintained(школа, контролируемая и субсидируемая группой людей, но не отделом местной власти).These schools are supported by the central government and are considered by some people to provide a better education. There are some church schools that also receive money from the government and offer free education. In Scotland and Ireland most schools are still managed by local authorities.
There are three stages in the state educational system: primary education, secondary education and further education.
British children legally have to start school at the age of five. All children between the ages of 5 and 16 must, by law, receive secondary school education. This education is compulsory.
The first step of compulsory education in Britain is primary schooling for children between 5 and 11. The first two years are the years of infant school (младенческая школа, первая ступень начального образования) where the children are encouraged to read, to write in their own words, to understand and make use of numbers. Many children attend informal pre-school playgrounds organized by parents in private houses. Teachers and students in training work there. Kids are in the nursery classes while their parents work. At the age of 7 children go to the junior school (младшая школа, вторая ступень начального образования) where the teaching becomes more formal. They work in arithmetic, history, geography, nature study and music and English. The infant and junior schools may be regarded as two levels of primary education.
Children begin their secondary education at about eleven years age. There are different types of secondary schools in England and Wales. The most popular are comprehensive schools. These are large state schools for boys and girls of all abilities aged 11-16 (or 18). Comprehensive schools were introduced in the 1960s with the aim to replace the system of dividing children between more academic (grammar) schools and less academic (modern) schools. There are some Grammar schools that still exist now. They teach more academic subjects than comprehensive schools.
According to the National Curriculum, introduced in 1988, children at the age of 7, 11, 14 and 16 are tested. At the age of 14 children complete their Standard Assessment Tasks (SATs). At the end of their fifth year of secondary education most children of all abilities aged 16 take General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) exams in a particular level. Children, who need to pass “A” (Advanced) level exam to enter a University or a College of Further education, continue their studies at the sixth-form class up to the age 18.
Until the year of testing schools are allowed to choose the subjects to teach and the ways of teaching those subjects. Besides, schoolchildren are given the opportunities to choose the subjects to learn. The English School Syllabus (программа обучения) is divided into Art (or Humanities) and Sciences. Art pupils study English Language and Literature, History, Foreign languages, Music, Art, Drama. Science pupils study Chemistry, Physics, Mathematics, Economics, Technical Drawing, Biology, Geography. Besides, secondary school students must do general education subjects like Physical Education (PE), Home Economics for girls and Technical subjects for boys, General Science and Computers which take the leading position in education.
There is a wide network of further education institutions in Britain. They give students the chance to increase their theoretical background and professional training. Students may get their further education after they have passed their GCSE exam taken at the age of 16. Further education includes sixth-form colleges and classes where students work for “A” level exams necessary to enter a university. Many further education courses prepare people for jobs.
Outside the state system of education there exists the system of private schools. The only thing is that private schools in Britain are called public. Why? A long time ago when education was a privilege of the rich, the only schools where poor people could go were funded by charities. As it was public money, the schools for the poor were called public schools. But in the course of history many public schools became very successful and turned into expensive private schools but the conservative British continued to call them public schools.
Until very recently public schools were either all-boys or all-girls. Public schools can be full boarding (pupils live there all academic year except for holidays), normal (pupils go home every day) and mixed (some pupils go home every weekend and some stay).
The first thing you need to have is money as some public schools charge up to 20,000 pounds a year. There are some grants for bright pupils as well but the places are few and the competition is very strong as public schools are believed to provide a better education in comparison with state schools. Therefore, it comes as no surprise that only 6% of the people in the UK can afford it. The other important criterion is that you have to belong to the right class as the class system in Britain is still very important. Mostly, public education is a privilege of the upper middle and upper classes, as they are known to give the right social background for top jobs in the Establishment.
Some public schools are rather old and very famous. One of them is Eton College. Because Eton is so popular it is very difficult for parents to get a place for their sons. So some parents put their sons’ names on the waiting list while they are still babies! Those who studied at Eton College call themselves Old Etonians. A great number of former public school students become the students of the most famous and prestige universities. Oxford and Cambridge Universities are the first among them.
Most people in Britain are concerned about education. They think that education should be free of charge in all stages and levels. The state is expected to pay much more attention to students who now pay their own fees at university as well as their living expenses. Poorer students should receive enough financial help from the state to be able to acquire better knowledge.