Добавил:

maiminh06 Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.

Вуз:

Национальный исследовательский ядерный университет (МИФИ)

Предмет:

[НЕСОРТИРОВАННОЕ]

Файл:

Vol D - 1990 (ocr) ELECTRICAL SYSTEM & EQUIPMENT

.pdf

Скачиваний:

Добавлен:

17.07.2023

Размер:

30.18 Mб

Скачать

☆

<<< < Предыдущая 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 1718 / 10618 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 > Следующая >>>

Lou+. 2.18

Transformer design characteristics and equivalent taps

		Rating	i mpedance	I mpedance	Tap	Number	,		Equivalent tap value in 'Yu
							,

									based on System voltages
Ratio	Transformer					of			based on System voltages
Ratio	Transformer	(MVA)	on rating	on 100 MVA	range	of						\
		(MVA)	on rating	on 100 MVA	range	Steps
						Steps		Tap step		Maximum
								Tap step		Maximum	Principal	Minimum

432/	Generator	800	16	0.02	+6.67	18		1.2		15.20	8.0	-6.40
23.5					to
					-13.35
400/	Supergrid	240		0.0808	+15	14		1.43		15.01	-0.72	- 5.01
132 kV				0.0832	to
					-5
132/	Station	90/60/	14.5 H- L	0.037 H-N	±10	14		1.33		2.53	-6.78	-16.09
11.8/		60	25 L-L	0.239 L- N
11.8 kV
23.5/	Unit	60	14.5	0.278	±7.5	6		2.33		0.21	-6.78	- 1337
11.8 kV
11/	Station and	12.5	10	. 0.874	±10	8		2.39		5.22	-4.35	-13.90
3.45 kV	unit auxiliary
11/	Essential	10	a	0.874	± 10	8		2.39		5.22	-4.350	-13.90
3.45 kV	auxiliary
I ll	Chlorination	8	7	0.95	±10	a		2.39		5.22	-4.35	-13.90
3.45 kV	plant
3300/	TH H & V services	2	7.5	4.082	±5	4		2.4		0.64	-4.16	-8.96
433V	Reactor services
	IS)
	Turbine services
	Essential services
	('X' and 'Y')
3300/	Chlorination	1.6	6	4.082	±5	4		2.4		0.64	-4.16	- 8.96
433V	plant services
	Admin and
	workshop services
	Reactor lighting
	Reactor services
	(M)
3300/	Turbine lighting	1.0	4.75	5.171	15	4		2.4		0.64	-- 4.16	- 8.96
433V

Noie: The system voltages are 400, 132, 23.5, II, 3.3 and 0.415 kV.

analysis performance system Power

Electrical system analysis											Chapter 2


	I LOAD FLOW RESULTS. BUSBAR PU VOLTS & LINE MVA OADING

					.60K0

								3250

				235VG			1 003
				0
										1.10, 08 ,
			KV031							1.10, 08 ,
			' 030

		11091				3 3.501			3 3F01
						002	1 043
		I 044

053l

0319

UTS5

SS1A

0T34

WTA

CWPH TO

BHA

• 059

046

1 DSO

1 044

1 Ns

1 042

047

1 044

1 04?

HvWS	FPH
		&HS
			.1-1 00	CHL	JETTY
040	1 03?	1 047	' 034	1 342	1 053

11, 04065 29 Jun "504 09 34 14

FIG, 2.54 Voltage profile of an oil-fired power station electrical system at minimum load


LOAD FLOW RESULTSBUSBAR PU VOLTS & LINE MV			OADING

		570	Accow
			Accow

			1.000

	23101G			0 995
	1 000

02			02

HYYYS	FPH	OHS ,	1400	CHI.
HYYYS	FPH	OHS ,	1400	CHI.	JLTTY
1 003	0.544	015	0 994	005	7	013
1 003	0.544	015	0 994	005

FA5344045 29 Jun ?maze 29 35

Fro. 2.55 Voltage profile of an oil-fired power station electrical system at maximum load

1 54

Power system performance analysis

LOAD FLOW RESULTS - BUSBAR PU VOLTS & LINE MVA LOADING

2600 ¶ 320

Flo. 2.56 Voltage profile of a network with a 3.3 kV diesel generator supplying an isolated part of a SES

LOAD FLOW RESULTS - BUSBAR FU VOLTS & LINE MVA LOADING

																																				ADE
	JOSE
	JOSE
																																					1. 012

	1		I9						"		e
	1		I9


																				.11.1
					GI 781			;	782 161. ,- 783				411. :744	965	786	787		IV			.	78111		9/ 789 97895
							257	1	054		l 055		1 056	1 056	1_054	1 040					l	054				053		053
			0					0			al		0	.2			02						0.
																						,	C1)


												E um. E							86CY							E	eficx.		Noy			8600
													1.017 n						1 014						, ç		1 014		1 841	1	5	1 011
																									, ç					1	5
																			0.2				A3			0						02	13_3r,".41.
																					.1600'						JOCK			• 2607		02
																					.1600'						JOCK			• 2607				X
																							I 014				I 1_014		0.2 • • 011

54

	1 05																													1:170? 87071			70%
																														1:170? 87071			70%
																														0i13, 50		1.043			l 054
										1 057
				8767						1 057		0																	0.1).
												0

		0 2						0 .2																							°.	A	0.2/
								0 .2																							°.	A	0.2/
						057

1P$0060 29 Jun 1959 ■ 616

Flo. 2.57 Voltage profile with turbine and reactor off-load

165

Electrical system analysis																																																														Chapter 2


	LOAD FLOW RESULTS											BUSBAR PU VOLTS												& LINE MVA LOADING																	4os
																																				•					09					1	026
																										133										•										1	026											NM
																										133																																NM
																										1 014					7 .11																											39"
																															7 .11																											39"
																																SO																								554
																																SO																								554
																													I																											0,87?
																												• •																											I A
																							..1	5711				• •						.1591																.I 5211								J501
																							..1	5711										.1591
																							1	008										0 2941
																								9?																									'		053							0 989
																								9?
																								BSA			0					•					8.58			G								0	0					n		18
																											0																					0	0							18

																			1																						o					.	E1					G
																			1																																	G
																								1	Me		0				2.						0.994																					284
																									Me		0				2.				1	2	0.994										1		003									284	5
																										0																														5.1		2	5
	J7AE																																																							5.1
	J7AE
		008																											3502						1	2									J5CE				0						J5D2			2.5			1505
																													3502																J5CE										J5D2						1505
																													0.992													1			002										0 987						O 284
																													0.992													1			002										0 987						O 284
												0				21.68																											W									1 009
											-				05	0 972																						..16210					W			J6C0						1 009				A
	.J 6AE										-																											1 010								1 01										A
														04																								1 010								1 01
														04																																	0 •
	1	022														4 30
																4 30																																				05 \1 2
																			05				2																													05 \1 2
																			05				2
		36				07 j ,			02							03		j	,		0				07		j				0 7			J.		1 2											0.2			J10	08	J11				212		J13
		36				07 j ,			02							03		j	,		0				07						0 7			J.		1 2														J10	08	J11				212		1 003
				0979		0479				0.979				0 979				0 979					0.979											0	979			0971										1 003				1.00320 I				103312		1 003
				0979		0479				0.979				0 979				0 979					0.979				0.979							0	979			0971
			4.91.		701	III : M2						793		• -•		784	1,		7 785				III	:7E9			77 9?								73111			7129			137891							701				1R702			77I	726			0,
					022	000				1 013						010			1 029					5 0619			I 005								005			0984			0.984							1 037				026				1 029		1 O .
																0				0.	1			0.					05						9.1													0				0
										02		As				0							0.5	j							06				Oil			(D
						0				02		As				0								j											Oil			(D
						0
	0	00.00				•							BBB'?						136(10												89210										13600i						8006					3609
		1		022	:				1.022					013					1.010												1 012											352					0 994	,				0 994
					:					0									1.010												0																I.
																															0																I.
		06				07													08
		06		.j440		07													08		J686														J6CY						J6CX							.2606							600
				.j440		0 7	.	* j' 00					0.5								J686														J6CY						J6CX							.2606							600
		0 6		1 021			.	* j' 00							0				0 6		1 010														1	012					I 012						3	0 994
		0 6		1 021				.	1	02 1					1 j16.5670				0 6		1 010										1.5				1	012		00			I 012						3	0 994
										02																					1.5							00
	/414									02		143
	/414											143
	I 515					''.1.		3'1374 X					OC		13786							8790														?CY			...		8'137CX							0700				97091						8700
						''.1.		3'1374 X							13786							8790														?CY			...		8'137CX							0700				97091						8700
	06										0 2				I 042								039													1 On						1 034										0915						I 007
	06										0 2				I 042								039													1 On						1 034										0915						I 007
	0		B7AY			5 1).56						0	1	0					06				0								092.																0.4				0 3					1.0
			1	052		5 1).56								0					06												092.
																																																				494060			29 n 1988 1235 50
																																																				494060			29 n 1988 1235 50

				FiG. 2.58 Voltage profile with generator off-load and gas circulators																																															at 55 07o full-load

	LOAD FLOW RESULTS • BUSBAR PU VOLTS & LINE MVA LOADING
																										85																				1	0E0
																																														1	0E0

																										0,990																																0.877
																																																										0.877

																																50																								84
																														•			3W																							84
																							J5A1to										3W																							0.977
																																																								0.977
																																																		.1 5C1								2501

																							0-869
																								45																										7.000						18		0.989
																								45
																	3							BM							4.0						858			G		4,1					10						Ifa				850
																																															10

																																															BSC					0

																							2.	0687							21						0.969																				0 988
																																			1,0												1.003											2.5
																o																																								5.1		2.5
																																																								5.1
	.154E
		867																											..1 51:12															J5CE				0							J502
																												•	0.964													1.032						0							0-947			19		-- 995
																869																																0				860
											-	0			0,s	0 979																						JSBE								J6CE		0				1 003				5 1
	..1045													0.4																								.981								1913
	0. 076															.3
																.3																																				0-6			1
																			06				2																													0-6			1
																			06				2
		06		J1		n			0.2				4			0-3					09				0.2	'	J 7				0 7			JB			3										0.2			J10	3.8					..11 2		213
		06		J1		n			0.2		on.		4			0-3		0.579			09				0.2	'	J 7				0 7			JB			3	0.974										1.003				I I 90.6				7 0123 1 .2		1.003
				0 979		0.979					on.			0 979				0.579					0.978				0 979							0.979				0.974
						.116				,a				0			S■						01.	, 793		A					4'
					781	lit 7 7132				,a		783 VP..!", 794					if		1 789.				a	, 793		iii,	: 787						6, :MEI					7139			971391							701				700				703		70
				' 062		1 000						04		1 013					1 009					1 009			1 005							5.909				984			0.944									5.00? T 1 028.					T 1.022			1.01
																								0
				fi												0			05					0					0.1					0.1
				fi						0 2		0		5.9		0							3.5	0							5.6										1	9
	0	866.9			, .	0			0645			E B6BY				E			8680													ENCY						E			6216					• 9601						8800
	0	0		870	, .					578			0.981			no			0.087												1.912					1					1.012						3.084				, o	0.994
		0.7				09				0			0.5		4›...				9.6												1.0							09 -									1.3
		0.7		J6AY		09			J6AX										9.6		.7666														2627						.11620									2601
				J6AY					J6AX		0								0		.7666														2627						.11620						173			2601
		0.7		0 875		0			0 876				5						0.8		0,891														I 019						1.312						173			0.994
		0.7		0 875		0			0 876				5						0.8		0,891										1			0	I 019			00			1.312									0.994
	1.44									0.3			3
	1.44												3
	10.05									760		09				7BY																				ICY						8720					' 80870.1.					97001						700
	10.05									760						7BY																				ICY						8720					' 80870.1.					97001						700
										0 893 n 2						1.012							1.009									0.F				1 029						1 034								431W		0.985						7 007
	0.1			8791						1		0										.										0.F															d
						u4.6 "1•D											°		0 6` •®															-.													0.0				0 3/					1.0
			0. 895			u4.6 "1•D								03		0	°		0 6` •®																																	1896.868			29 ,2,,n '998 12734:04
																																																				1896.868			29 ,2,,n '998 12734:04

FIG. 2.59 Voltage profile with the first II kV starting/standby feedpump being started

156

Power system performance analysis

LOAD FLOw RESULTS - BuSBAR PU VOLTS & LINE MVA LOADING

		AM
1 012		AM
1 012
		0 977
		0 977


	84
	0 977

..1 561

0392

																																					2 5 •I '°6
																																							13841
											05		0075																										.160E
																																							.160E
																														1 013
.5.4E																														1 013									0 795
.5.4E																																							0 795
055
055

																																			J13
					15. 1	.0		" J3		"	00							06																	J13
	" J1				15. 1						00							06		J7
	" J1																			J7																1 001
						0 975		0.975			0 976			0 015						0 975
																				97
																	785 W		706	97																		70.
																	1 005		I 004	I coo			1)01			0979 0 979												l oin

																											(16C X.			86015
																					B6CY
		90615																			B6CY
																															aos.
																						. 012					1 0:2
		1	004																			. 012					1 0:2
		1	004

																																		'57—•
																								r		0 9
															06			a
																		a
																		J68%						J6C1
								.J640										J68%						J6C1
								5.004								56								I 012
								02																		09
								02


																																5 707 eme 1		7150
																									1CY
												97130
												97130																13706
												1 036													1.029							141	1..1.5 0.069	1 037
									1 Q01 02
						5 ,			1 Q01 02																				1 034
																																	0 3)	l 2

																															094)
				STAY																											094)
				' 031			0.6
				' 031

IPSA9914 29.10 198a 17.41 24

Etc. 2.60 Voltage profile with the first 11 kV starting/standby feedpump at speed and full load

, LOAD FLOW RESULTS. BUSBAR pu VOLTS & LINE MVA LOADING

1 M 91

003

I 009

								754.1	27					J581
									27

								l 011						010
								26			67				1358 G			8.7
								26




											22 1.009							0		BSC
														1 2	30				1 021
J5AE
											132
											132
							866				037
											037

			06		0.	0	0 995
					0.	0	0 995
							3


01		J2	g 2		0.4		0.3		02	,17	0.7		..111	1-3	J9
0 995		0 995	0 995		0 095			0 995		0.999			0995		0 993
								411.	4:11		JO		:			Tea 1171611
91/		9670?	7272			704	7136	68 res	4:11	7E17	JO		:			Tea 1171611
019		' 011	1 000		1 027		1.027	1.024		:1522			1 021		002 1 002
						0-		0		0				0 1
	• A 02				9.4
				E Rey		E					ascy						ESC%		881321			8600
					1 .005 co 5						•	ov		I n	1 031				1	013	i	1 013
					0.5 •	g..."•55,						1.0		'N., 0.0

, J6CY r 1 031

1.009

0700	870', 87051	790
1 054	""'		027

IP008615 01 Jul 191111 5551.11

Flu. 2,61 Voltage profile with main generator at 40% full load and gas circulators at full load

157

Electrical system analysis					Chapter 2


	I LOAD FLOW RESULTS - BUSBAR PU VOLTS & LINE MVA LOADING
		7	Bt
83			1	979
83				751
009				751
009

5 ow

										05A,			.1580						5c1
											011		1	010					5c1
											011		1	010					557
											75								557
											75
									5		1354				858 G				sc		0			1851.0
									5		1354				858 G									1851.0
											• 010	22				009						0		3 396
							0											0978				0			25
																									25
	150e																					0
	150e
	0													2	1, 50(8E4		J%.E						J502
														2				9:8					0 599
																		9:8					0 599
								868														860
						05		0 995								J680		JGCE				0 990
	1 .324					4										, .026		0. 808
	1 .324
							4	.3	0.6													89 1 2
																						89 1 2

	3	n	o 7	JO	82		0.3		n	05	0.2	0 7	ja	1 3		jg		02	210 06			.111		Ill	413
	3	n	o 7	JO	82		0.3		n	05	0.2	0 7	ja	1 3		jg			0.260			0.95021 6 0.500L2			0 989
		0 995		0 995	8995	0.995			0 995	0 925		0 995	0 995			0.990
		70,				a			094			- ?sr		4.• 789 87081				W			.at				(54.
		70,		782 it .783		419	784		:7E05		: Mr	- ?sr		4.• 789 87081				W			.at	702	.11%	703	(54.
		0 , 9		017			1327		1 021		026	I 022	1 023			1.092	002		.022			• 011		1213	0997
							0				0			t					0			0
					00	0				S		125	0 0
	0049				esAx	asay						126C-0					12600	9900			BGDX
	, 024				024	025						O.884					0 884	003			1.003
					a	5	o						O			0.9	0	2	L...."		-
R	0.6			07	a	5	o		-5										I O 2		' .6
	0.6	6AY		07	•AAA	J689			-5				./601,				.1600	2	J600
	00	, 024		0 7 I 024		0_5	025			025			*683				9.683	2	• 002
																0.9
	VI				500
	, 02				• I 02 a		978			9798				?CV			8709		8708 207001						zo9
					9760	00	978			9798				?CV			8709		8708 207001						zo9
	08				' 00202		1 959		0.1	I 056			0900				0.900					""			1.016
	0 1 137Ay				9				0.1			0_9						0 9‘...{.		0 3/.1.				i 0).
		I 054		01).„		0.3
																					12896616 01 .101 .1984 15.52.10

Fla. 2.62 Voltage profile with second 11 kV starting/standby feedpump being started

LOAD FLOW RESULTSBUSBAR PU VOLTS & LINE MVA LOADING

																	159						B1
														83																				321
														' 009																			3


														5		394																		0 939
														5		394																		0 939
																																		74
													J560													19.- J5C ,											.1 501
													I oil													19.- J5C ,											.1 501
													26															096									006
													26
															97										26					1667 7
															97										26					1667 7
													85A		22			8513			57						SEC				G						305
														010	22			0C9									SEC				G						305
154E.																							' 005													S I
																							' 005



' C 113															02							J5CE													J503 .		20		JsDE
															007			', 586			7 005													1 904			20		004
										966					007			', 586			7 005									860				1 904					004


							0.9			0 995							2696						J6CE							0999
• 024							04										1 926						1 016																013
							04																																013
				9
										3																				0 6				2
										3																				0 6				2
										09		2
		0.7	J2	a 2			2.4		12.0 „			06	90	0 2			I 3							2 2				.110 0.6 J11								J12		OIl
		0.7		a 2			2.4		12.0 „			06	90	0 2			I 3							2 2				.110 0.6 J11								J12		OIl
										0 995			0 995	9995	8995		0096											0 929		028998 0.90912								0 999
		995	0 995		0 995		0 999			0 995			0 995	9995	8995		0096
												a					.0'
						zas						a				784I	0'															702		703
		781	782			zas			▪	785			705	797		784I		782 87E611										701				702		703				7.26
		010	917		030		, 027			1 027			026	022	023		1.002 1902											032				024		029				7.26
										0.1			0		9,1
				0 2			01					OS			06
				0 2			01					OS			06
																			7		0 _			8601						8600

	MAY			Ei5AX		E 568y					0686					NC?				198cx_
	MAY			Ei5AX		E 568y					0686					NC?				198cx_
1 021				1 024			1 025	n			I 025				1 015						OIS		1 0 , 2					7	0	012
1 021				1 024			1 025	n			I 025										%."}"••■• 1 2								0
							0 5					1-1:■-•■••			¶ 0															0
							0 5								¶ 0															0
36			00							08										J6CX								J609
36			00							08		.051331
06 1021			0 7 1 024				08	025		-6		.051331											1 2
06 1021			0 7 1 024				08	025		-6		• 029					1 014						1 2					1.011
								0
1,r4				02
1,r4
I 02				8700				8783				13790				‘18".87CY					`Et7CX							13709 8709?									700
0 60i 8769				1 05392				1 059				1 055					1 031				03B								25 1Q09								1 .326
0 60i 8769						0 l										O		0.12.F					09							03				0
		• 054	08				03																								31286908 01 Jo 1946 1593 19
																															31286908 01 Jo 1946 1593 19

FIG. 2.63 Voltage profile with second 11 kV starting/standby feedpump at speed and full load

158

Power system performance analysis

	1		024

						708

					1 027
06					1 027

		0.1 6741		1.0
			1 057

14634468 01 44 1511411610.50

FIG. 2.64 Voltage profile with the unit at full load

NETWORK DIAGRAM DRAWING AND MODIFYING

TYPE '/I 1 IF YOU NEED ANY HELP

Flo. 2.65 Example of computer generated draughting

159

Electrical system analysis																					Chapter 2


			LINE DATA 1															PAGE 1 OF 3
			335-52'07 136-21:2			AES:57-73 24527-31:							535C-2U 252-3-23			232-2-211
			4:147	01%32


			3-12	0.1 3:32
			3:177
										.1342:
						1	11189		3,25152
						1	11189		3.243:3
			1331			:,03424			3.334:1
			1:31:	. 3 ....		3.33614			1	:41:0
			1:31:	. 3 ....		3.31211			3	3	595
			1:211	1.317113		0.39475			0.343133 1
			1:531			3.31203			1.3		3	6
			:3	1,521		0.0:1331			3.12236
			:3	1,521		0.0:1331			3.12236
			1:331	3.313I		0.394		5	1.44513
			1:330	11331-		0.01146			1.32514
			1:532	11 532		0.0:746			2.32534
			1:332	3,3532		3-39475			0.89503
			1:532	:4		0.04971			0.08645
			11552	3.331		1.00166			1.144:59
			11552	1.33323		2.09516			0.88148
			11332	3.32325		0.09516			0	. 0614 0
			11312	32		0.29369			0.58109
			J2	3.3E3		0.03972			3.04959
			3.3111311	710:3		1.03471			4.09126
			3.73313	73513		1.03471			4.09126
			3.33313	13231		1.11079			4.23695
			3.3531	2324:		1.14329			5,34695
			3.1231	4,X31.1		3.31302			0.34:75
			5.3531	2,511		1.21756			4.11111
			OPTIONS:
			REDISPLAY						SYSTEM BASE MVA=							100.0
			NEXT PAGE
			HELP
			RETURN
																	1206860 01 :ul 1485 :6:22:24
																	1206860 01 :ul 1485 :6:22:24
												FIG, 2.66 Example of line data entry

			INDUCTION MOTOR DATA 1															PAGE	1 OF	1
		535250/JD		2251211-143 31.12-22				5166-0			37-3-211			52-X-PU ROT-R-24.1 001-6-PU 5-OUT-T1 514-IN-21 3-2121-12 361-15- 122
	11331
	11331			5.401				92.934				1.0330		1.3146	0.1556	1.3146
	1133:			5.370				92.994				0.3330		1.8146	1,1558	1.3146
	1:351			1	.120			92.994				0.3330		1.8146	1,1558	1.3146
	1:351				.120			79.628				0.3546		1.8504	0.1095	1.0512
	11351			7.100				19.628				0.0596		1.0504	0.1045	1.0512
	1:311			1.493				182.220				3.1155		7.7041	0.5014	7.7043
			1511	1.480				79.628				3.0596		1.8504	0.1095	1.0512
	11531			1.480				162.220				3.3155		7.7011	0.5014	7.7047
	11332			5.910				92.494				0.0910		1.8146	0.1558	1.3146
	11312			, ,300				71.628				0.0596		1.8504	0.0095	1.0502
	:5			11460				182.220				0.3155		2.1047	0.5014	1.1041
	06			7,001				13.628				0.0546		1.8504	0.1395	1.1512
	06			5.511				92.994			0.0930			1.11146	1.1558	1.3146
	3.10313			11750				131.214			0.3195			5.5015	0.2520	3.8280
	3.12315			1.000				229.520			0.5542			1.6271	0.4413	10.9916
	3		133:3	0.350				241.710			0,5886			11.1344	0.4640	11.5700
	3		33113	1.120				229.620			0.5542			9,6217	0.4413	11.4916
	1,13323			0.950				241.110			0.5686			10.1344	1.4640	11.5100
	3.33324			1.100				229.620			2.5592			4.6277	0.4413	10.4916
	:9			1.750				131.214			0.1195			5.5015	0.2520	3.8280
	3.322			1.000			229.620				0.9592			9.5271	0.4413	10.4916
	3.322			1.050			252.525				0.8499			12.3045	1.3836	1.6053
	3.322			1.390			214.110				0.1258			1.6275	3.6239	6.2429
	3.121			1,050			252.525				0.4999			12.3049	1.1836	7.8053
		1.1E1		2.950				96.281			0.3486			3.4515	0.3661	3.0505
		3.3E4		2,150			252.525				0.9999			12.3049	1.0636	7.8053
		5.5E4		2,150				86.297			5.1416			1.4515	0.3661	3.0505
	:10			1.330			214.700				0.8259			7.9275	1.8258	6.0409
	.111			1.150			252.5251				0.8990			12.3049	1.0836	7.8051
		J14		1.391				9.529			0.0536			1.0504	3.1095	1.2512
		J:3		1.391			102.220				0.3155			7,7047	3.5014	7,7147
		OPTIONS:							SYSTEM RASE MVA2							100.0
		REDISPLAY							SYSTEM RASE MVA2							100.0

HELP

RETURN

1P51860 01 Jul 1980 16;22,44

FIG. 2.67 Example of induction motor data entry

160

								Power system performance analysis


	TRANSFORMER DATA 1							PAGE 1 OF 2
	31.75 - 5353 1175 - .53C		TA2-3TA2:	MIN-TAP TAP-STEP		MAE - TAP	V-SPEC ? - s2:r7

: 71022			1.13	-6.43		15.20
: 71022			8.01		1.20	15.20
4:1 , 2			8.01		1.20	15.20
3 15 , 3 .			-4.4:		2.33
4:34'2		1531	-2.62		1.04	2.51
		' 3	-2.52		1.04	2.58
				-13.71	2.33	3.21
				-4,35	1.11
			-4.35	-0.32
33:			-4.35	-4.35
33:			-4.36	-4.35	:).01
			-4.36	-4.35	:).01
_1531		1.353:	-4.35	-4.35	.3.11
11532		3.3532	-4.35	-4.35	0.01
11332			-4.35	-4.35	0.21
11332			-4.35	-4.35	5.01
1 _572		3.3'2323	-4.35	-4.35	5.01
1 _572		1.3T32A	-4.35	-4.35	0.01
111:32		1.3T32A	-4.35	-4.35	0.01
1 1532		22	-4.36	-4.35	5.01
	3.51331A	14310	-4.15		0.11
3.13313		74310	-4.15	-4.15	0.01
	3.3631B	064231	-4.16	-4.16
3.3531		FUEL:	-4.16	-4.16	3.01
3.3531		AX3L1	-4.15		0.31
1.3531		3A01	-4.16	-4.16	0.01
3.3532		?HEAT	-4.16	-4.15	0.01
1.3532		RAN	-4.16	-4.16	1.01
3.3532		325602	-4.16	-4.15	0.7:
3.3532		FUEL;	-4.16	-4.16	0.01
3.113125		04012	-4.16	-4.16	0.01
1.312324		114320	-4.16	-4.16	0.01
3.112720		161326	-4.16	-4.16	0.01
	3.3E3	E3	-4.16	-4.16	0.01
	OPTIONS:
(RED ISP LAY				SYSTEM BASE MVAm			100.0
	NEXT PAGE
	HELP
	RETURN
							12556514 01 261		1489	6122.56

FIG, 2.68 Example of transformer data entry

ANALYSIS PARAMETERS			PAGE 1 OF 1
5.85E WA
5.85E WA	100.0	14VA
0153 FION CONL,ERSENCE ACCURACY	0.010	MVA
HAX:NUM LOAD FLOW ITERATIONS	25
SLACK RUSOAR	400KV
FAULT TIME	0.100	SEC
SYSTEM FRE.TUENCy	50.0
REFERENCE MACHINE 6V535.0 NAME	40061
RETERENCE HACHINE IDENTIFIER
5102Y DTRATIDH TIME	1.00	SEC
5124311.174 51E0 LENGTH	0.010	SEC
56153 ANSLE / POLE 53:5' 0:625	540	DECREES OR POLE PAIRS
3103 555123. MACHINE SPEEDS?
R3.114TO311 SYSTEM DATA1
6T5.310:71 20I510U5 1117E01563	0.040	SEC
21 500121 15052628 VOLTAGES?
RAINT.= AVR DATA?
3R0513131 GOVERNOR DATA?

	OPTIONS:
'	REDISPLAY	SYSTEM BASE MVAm	100.0
I	HELP
11RETURN				1255660 01 Jul 1904 16:23:04 ,
11RETURN				1255660 01 Jul 1904 16:23:04 ,

FIG. 2.69 Example of analysis parameters

161

Electrical system analysis		Chapter 2

SUB TRANSIENT

PERIOD

SLOWLY DECAx;NG TRANSIENT pERioo

STEADY STATE

PERIOD

Fin. 2.70 Traosient short-circuit of a synchronous rnachlne — only one phase envelope shown

\, oltage and current in the other two phases. However, when a network has unbalanced loading between phases, or is subject to an electrical fault involving one or two phases only, then phase symmetry is destroyed.

Method of symmetrical components

The method of symmetrical components [10] was developed to reduce the complexity of unbalanced fault analysis and is widely used in computer programs. This method represents an unbalanced system of voltages and currents by the superposition of two symmetrical three-phase systems of opposite phase sequence and a zero phase sequence system, i.e., a single-phase alternating system.

Three components are defined:

V a		Vo	+	V1 +	V2
Vb	=	VO		a 2 V1	+ aV2
V c	=	Vo	+	aVi	+ a 2 V2
Or

Vo	= 1/3 (V,	Vb	Vc)
V I = 1/3 (V,		aVb + cx 2 V c )
V2	– 1/3 (Va	+ a 2 Vb + Vc)

Where

V a , Vb, V, are network voltages in phases a, b, c

V i	positive sequence component voltage

V2 = negative sequence component voltage

Vo – zero sequence component voltage

a is a phase rotation of 120 0 = exp j 2r/3 a 2 is a phase rotation of 240 ° = exp j 47r/3

(a 3 is a phase rotation of 360 0 = exp j 27r = 1) or 0°

Similar equations can be written for network currents. The component V1 is the normal value of the phase voltage for a balanced system with normal phase sequence (a, b, c) and is called the positive phase sequence component of voltage. Component V2 has the opposite

phase sequence (a, c, b) — this is indicated by the phase rotation coefficients a and a 2 — and is called the negative phase sequence component of voltage. Component Vo has no phase displacement between phases a, b and c — there are no phase rotation coefficients present — and is called the zero phase sequence component of voltage.

The total power in an unbalanced system is the sum of the symmetrical component powers.

The reason for the symmetrical component transformation being so useful in analysis is that, for most types of equipment used in power systems, their positive, negative and zero sequence components are independent of each other, or 'decoupled'. This means the associated matrices used during analysis are diagonal and, in consequence, are easily manipulated mathematically.

The values of the various sequence component impedances for generators, overhead lines, cables, transformers, and other electrical apparatus can be obtained by test or from analysis. Positive and negative phase sequence component impedances are identical for static apparatus. Zero sequence impedance is associated with earth return paths and may be greater or less than the positive sequence impedance.

Driving voltage is only associated with the positive phase sequence component network. It follows that negative and zero sequence component currents can flow only when their networks are connected to the positive phase sequence component network. The connections between the various networks under fault conditions and the associated equations are given on Fig 2.71,

This assumes negligible impedance at the point of fault but this is not always so. In practice, fault impedance is sometimes considered in single line to earth faults and this requires an impedance of 3 x fault impedance to be inserted in the zero sequence network. However, design analysis is usually concentrated on worst conditions and this means setting fault impedances to zero. If fault impedance (Zr) is to be taken into account, for single-line to earth faults, 3Zf is inserted in the zero sequence network. For a doubleline to earth fault, the impedance between phases (Zr) is inserted in each phase network and 3Z f in the zero sequence network. For a three-phase to earth fault Z p is inserted in each phase network, 3Z 8 in the zero sequence network (Z 8 is the impedance to ground) and an additional parallel path is introduced having an impedance of (Zf – Z p )/3 (Fig 2,72).

Generator representation

Programs are written to calculate generator fault current contribution according to the amount of machine data entered by the analyst. For complete representation of fault current decrement with time, synchronous, transient and subtransient data must be entered. If only one value of machine reactance is entered, the

162

<<< < Предыдущая 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 1718 / 10618 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 > Следующая >>>