- •Abstract
- •Foreword
- •Executive summary
- •The drive for flexibility
- •Driven by portfolio players, LNG contracting activity rebounded to its highest level in five years…
- •… underpinned by longer, larger and more flexible contracts
- •Innovation in LNG contracting to enhance regional security of supply…
- •…means traditional buyers could become a larger source of additional flexibility for the Asian LNG market
- •The transformation of the broader energy system in north-western Europe…
- •…calls for the further enhancement of downstream gas flexibility
- •Findings and recommendations
- •Key findings
- •Update on LNG market flexibility metrics
- •LNG supply security in Asia: An opportunity for traditional buyers
- •North-western Europe’s gas flex: Still fit for purpose?
- •Technical analysis
- •1. Update on LNG market flexibility metrics
- •Introduction
- •Update on LNG contract trends
- •Liquefaction activity: New wave of investment gaining momentum
- •Export source and import destination: Flexible gas gaining ground
- •Longer and larger contracts do not mean less flexibility
- •Portfolio players and flexibility
- •Analysis of contract flexibility
- •Pricing trends
- •References
- •2. LNG supply security in Asia: An opportunity for traditional buyers?
- •Introduction
- •LNG flexibility in Asia
- •Flexibility in long-term contracts
- •Options in LNG contracts
- •Valuation of options
- •Flexibility in Japanese LNG contracting
- •Innovation in contracting
- •Expansion of LNG network
- •Creating joint ventures
- •Expanding LNG outlets
- •Proximity and security of supply
- •References
- •3. North-western Europe’s gas flex: Still fit for purpose?
- •Introduction
- •Gas flexibility toolkit
- •North-western Europe’s gas demand: Seasonality and volatility
- •Current state of flexibility tools
- •Upstream deliverability
- •Import capacity
- •Midstream interconnectivity
- •Storage capacity
- •A transforming energy system
- •References
- •General annex
- •Abbreviations and acronyms
- •Acknowledgements
- •Table of contents
- •List of figures
- •List of boxes
- •List of tables
Global Gas Security Review 2019 |
2. LNG supply security in Asia: An opportunity for traditional buyers? |
References
GIIGNL (International Group of Liquefied Natural Gas Importers) (2019), GIIGNL Annual Report 2019, GIIGNL, Neuilly-sur-Seine, https://giignl.org/sites/default/files/PUBLIC_AREA/Publications/giignl_annual_report_2019compressed.pdf.
ICIS (2019), ICIS LNG Edge, https://lngedge.icis.com/ (accessed 25/06/2019) (subscription required).
IEA (International Energy Agency) (2019), Market Report Series: Gas 2019, IEA, Paris, https://webstore.iea.org/market-report-series-gas-2019.
IEA (2018), Global Gas Security Review 2018, IEA, Paris, https://webstore.iea.org/global-gas-security-review- 2018.
IEA (2017), Global Gas Security Review 2017, OECD/IEA, Paris, https://webstore.iea.org/global-gas-security- review-2017.
OGRA (Oil and Gas Regulatory Authority of Pakistan) (2019a), Consumer Gas Prices, www.ogra.org.pk/consumer-gas-prices.
OGRA (2019b), Well Head Gas Prices, www.ogra.org.pk/well-head-gas-prices.
OGRA (2019c), Regasified LNG Notified Prices, www.ogra.org.pk/rlng-notified-prices.
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