III. Обратите внимание на образование слов, родственных со словом economics.

у
ics
ic	al	ly
ist

econom

Заполните пропуски словами из данной таблицы:

1. Marx and Keynes are two famous … .

2. Those people are studying the science of … .

3. We sometimes call a person’s work his … activity.

4. People should be very … with the money they earn.

5. The … system of a country is usually called the national … .

6. The people in that town live very … .

IV. Переведите на английский язык:

1. Состояние экономики очень тревожное.

2. Экономическая политика правительства часто подвергается справедливой критике.

3. Она очень экономная хозяйка.

4. Мировая экономика – это наука, которая изучает состояние экономики в разных странах мира.

5. Моя новая машина гораздо экономичнее старой.

V. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующим словосочетаниям:

Много (многочисленные); объем производства; сырье; не полностью используется; уровень занятости; валовой национальный продукт; уровень деятельности; опубликовать в каких-либо источниках.

VI. Перескажите текст.

Урок III.

I. Ознакомьтесь и выучите следующие слова и выражения:

inhabitants – жители, население

alargeamount– большой объем

centralplanninganddirection– центральное планирование и руководство

consumption – потребление

complicated – сложный

to have a number of common features – иметь ряд общих черт

tocomplywith– подчиняться

aproductiontargettomeet– производственная задача, которую надо выполнить

to enjoy a basic standard of living – иметь основной уровень жизни

to duplicate production – дублировать производство

to divert – отвлекать

a major problem faced by command or planned economies – основная проблема, стоящая перед командой или плановой экономикой

changes in tastes and fashions – изменения вкусов и моды

tounterproduce– не допроизводить

toregardsmthas– воспринимать что-либо

to overproduce – перепроизводить

II. Прочитайте и переведите текст. «Economic systems» Text III

An economic system is the way in which a country uses its available resources to satisfy the demands of inhabitants for goods and services. The more goods and services, the higher the standard of living.

There are three main economic systems: planned economics, market economics, and mixed economics.

Planned economies are economies with a large amount of central planning and direction, when the government takes all the decisions and decides production and consumption. Planning of this kind is very complicated but has a number of common features: 1. The state plans five years ahead what the nation is to produce. 2. Industries are asked to comply with these plans and each factory is set a production target to meet. A planned economy has several advantages and disadvantages. The advantages are:

- Every one is society receives enough goods and services to enjoy a basic standard of living.

- Nations don’t waste resources duplicating production.

- The state can ensure everyone a good education, proper health care.

The disadvantages are:

- There is no incentive for individuals to work hard planned economies.

- Any profits are paid to the government.

- Citizens cannot start their own businesses and so new ideas rarely come forward.

- Industries in planned economies can be very inefficient.

A major problem faced by command or planned economies is that of deciding what to produce. Command economies tend to be slow when responding to changes in people’s tastes and fashions. Planners are likely to under produce some items as they cannot predict changes in demand. Some products, which consumers regard as absolete and unattractive, may be overproduced.