- •Introduction
- •General
- •The purposes of the DCFR
- •Contents of the DCFR
- •Revision of the interim outline edition
- •The coverage of the DCFR
- •Structure and language of the DCFR model rules
- •How the DCFR relates to PECL, the SGECC PEL series, the Acquis and the Insurance Contract Group series
- •How the DCFR may be used as preparatory work for the CFR
- •Developments after this edition
- •Academic contributors and funders
- •The pan-European teams
- •The Study Group on a European Civil Code
- •Its Co-ordinating Group
- •The Study Group’s Working Teams
- •The Study Group’s Advisory Councils
- •The Acquis Group
- •The former Commission on European Contract Law
- •The Compilation and Redaction Team
- •Funding
- •Principles
- •The underlying principles of freedom, security, justice and efficiency
- •Freedom
- •Contractual freedom
- •Non-contractual obligations
- •Property
- •Security
- •Contractual security
- •Non-contractual obligations
- •Property
- •Justice
- •Contract
- •Non-contractual obligations
- •Property
- •Efficiency
- •Efficiency for the purposes of the parties
- •Efficiency for wider public purposes
- •Conclusion
- •Table of Destinations
- •Table of Derivations
- •Model Rules
- •Annex
- •Definitions
- •Accessory
- •Acquisition finance device
- •Act of assignment
- •Agent
- •Assets
- •Assignment
- •Authorisation
- •Authority
- •Avoidance
- •Advanced electronic signature
- •Barter, contract for
- •Beneficiary
- •Benevolent intervention in another’s affairs
- •Business
- •Claim
- •Claimant
- •Co-debtorship for security purposes
- •Compensation
- •Complete substitution of debtor
- •Condition
- •Conduct
- •Confidential information
- •Construction, contract for
- •Commercial agency
- •Consumer
- •Consumer contract for sale
- •Contract
- •Contractual obligation
- •Contractual relationship
- •Co-ownership
- •Corporeal
- •Counter-performance
- •Court
- •Creditor
- •Damage
- •Damages
- •Debtor
- •Default
- •Defence
- •Costs
- •Delivery
- •Dependent personal security
- •Design, contract for
- •Direct physical control
- •Distribution contract
- •Distributorship
- •Divided obligation
- •Divided right
- •Donation, contract for
- •Discrimination
- •Durable medium
- •Duty
- •Economic loss
- •Electronic
- •Electronic signature
- •Financial assets
- •Financial instruments
- •Fraudulent
- •Fundamental non-performance
- •Global security
- •Franchise
- •Good faith
- •Good faith and fair dealing
- •Goods
- •Gross negligence
- •Handwritten signature
- •Harassment
- •Immovable property
- •Incomplete substitution of debtor
- •Indemnify
- •Independent personal security
- •Indirect physical control
- •Individually negotiated
- •Ineffective
- •Insolvency proceeding
- •Incorporeal
- •Intangibles
- •Interest
- •Invalid
- •Joint obligation
- •Joint right
- •Juridical act
- •Keeper
- •Limited proprietary rights
- •Limited-right-possessor
- •Loan contract
- •Lease
- •Loss
- •Mandate
- •Mandate for direct representation
- •Mandate for indirect representation
- •Merger of debts
- •Merger clause
- •Monetary loan
- •Movables
- •Negligence
- •Non-economic loss
- •Non-performance
- •Notice
- •Not individually negotiated
- •Obligation
- •Motor vehicle
- •Overdraft facility
- •Owner-possessor
- •Ownership
- •Performance
- •Person
- •Physical control
- •Possession
- •Possession-agent
- •Prescription
- •Presumption
- •Price
- •Proceeds
- •Possessory security right
- •Processing, contract for
- •Producer
- •Property
- •Proprietary security
- •Proprietary security, contract for
- •Public holiday
- •Reasonable
- •Reciprocal
- •Recklessness
- •Rent
- •Reparation
- •Representative
- •Ratify
- •Requirement
- •Resolutive
- •Retention of ownership device
- •Revocation
- •Right
- •Sale, contract for
- •Services, contract for
- •Signature
- •Solidary obligation
- •Solidary right
- •Security right in movable asset
- •Standard terms
- •Storage, contract for
- •Subrogation
- •Substitution of debtor
- •Supply
- •Suspensive
- •Tacit prolongation
- •Termination
- •Textual form
- •Transfer of contractual position
- •Treatment, contract for
- •Trust
- •Term
- •Trustee
- •Truster
- •Unjustified enrichment
- •Valid
- •Void
- •Voidable
- •Withdraw
- •Working days
- •Writing
- •Withholding performance
- •Index
Table of Destinations*
An entry in this table indicates a model rule which addresses the same legal issue as that dealt with in the relevant article of the PECL. It does not imply that the corresponding model rule is in the same terms or to the same effect. Relocations of Model Rules since the publication of the Interim Outline Edition (IOE) are indicated in italics in square brackets. Reference should be made to the IOE to ascertain changes in wording.
|
PECL |
DCFR Model Rules |
|
|
|
Chapter 1 |
1:101 |
|
|
(1) |
I. – 1:101(1) |
|
(2) |
– |
|
(3) |
– |
|
(4) |
– |
|
1:102 |
|
|
(1) |
II. – 1:102(1) |
|
(2) |
II. – 1:102(2) |
|
1:103 |
– |
|
1:104 |
– |
|
1:105 |
II. – 1:104(1), (2) |
|
1:106 |
I. – 1:102(1), (3), (4) |
|
1:107 |
– |
|
1:201 |
|
|
(1) |
II. – 3:301(2); III. – 1:103(1) |
|
(2) |
III. – 1:103(2) |
|
1:202 |
III. – 1:104 |
*This and the following table were compiled by Daniel Smith (Osnabrück) with assistance from Dr. Stephen Swann (Osnabrück).
101
|
|
Table of Destinations |
|
|
|
|
PECL |
DCFR Model Rules |
|
|
|
|
1:301 |
|
|
(1) |
I. – 1:108(1) (with the Annex) |
|
|
[ex IOE I. – 1:103(1) |
|
|
(with Annex 1: “Conduct”)] |
|
(2) |
I. – 1:108(1) (with the Annex) |
|
|
[ex IOE I. – 1:103(1) |
|
|
(with Annex 1: “Court”)] |
|
(3) |
– |
|
(4) |
I. – 1:108(1) (with the Annex) |
|
|
[ex IOE I. – 1:103(1) (with |
|
|
Annex 1: “Non-performance”)]; |
|
|
III. – 1:102(3) |
|
|
[ex IOE III.–1:101] |
|
(5) |
– |
|
(6) |
I. – 1:106 |
|
|
[ex IOE I. – 1:105] |
|
1:302 |
I. – 1:104 |
|
|
[ex IOE I. – 1:103(1) (with |
|
|
Annex 1: “Reasonable”)] |
|
1:303 |
|
|
(1) |
I. – 1:109(2) |
|
|
[ex IOE II.–1:106(2)] |
|
(2) |
I. – 1:109(3) |
|
|
[ex IOE II.–1:106(3)] |
|
(3) |
I. – 1:109(4) |
|
|
[ex IOE II.–1:106(4)] |
|
(4) |
III. – 3:106 |
|
(5) |
I. – 1:109(5) |
|
|
[ex IOE II.–1:106(5)] |
|
(6) |
I. – 1:109(1) |
|
|
[ex IOE II.–1:106(1)] |
|
1:304 |
I. – 1:110 |
|
|
[ex IOE I. – 1:104 |
|
|
(with Annex 2)] |
|
1:305 |
II. – 1:105 |
Chapter 2 |
2:101 |
|
|
(1) |
II. – 4:101 |
|
(2) |
II. – 1:106(1) |
|
|
[ex IOE II.–1:107] |
102
Table of Destinations
|
PECL |
DCFR Model Rules |
|
|
|
|
2:102 |
II. – 4:102 |
|
2:103 |
II. – 4:103 |
|
2:104 |
|
|
(1) |
II. – 9:103(1) |
|
(2) |
II. – 9:103(3)(b) |
|
2:105 |
II. – 4:104 |
|
2:106 |
II. – 4:105 |
|
2:107 |
II. – 1:103(2) |
|
2:201 |
II. – 4:201 |
|
2:202 |
II. – 4:202(1)-(3) |
|
2:203 |
II. – 4:203 |
|
2:204 |
II. – 4:204 |
|
2:205 |
II. – 4:205 |
|
2:206 |
II. – 4:206 |
|
2:207 |
II. – 4:207 |
|
2:208 |
II. – 4:208 |
|
2:209 |
|
|
(1) |
II. – 4:209(1) |
|
(2) |
II. – 4:209(2) |
|
(3) |
I. – 1:108(1) (with the Annex) |
|
|
[ex IOE I. – 1:103(1) (with |
|
|
Annex 1: “Standard terms”)] |
|
2:210 |
II. – 4:210 |
|
2:211 |
II. – 4:211 |
|
2:301 |
|
|
(1) |
II. – 3:301(1) |
|
(2) |
II. – 3:301(3) |
|
(3) |
II. – 3:301(4) |
|
2:302 |
II. – 3:302(1), (4) |
Chapter 3 |
3:101 |
|
|
(1) |
II. – 6:101(1) |
|
(2) |
– |
|
(3) |
II. – 6:101(3) |
|
3:102 |
– |
103
|
|
|
Table of Destinations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
PECL |
DCFR Model Rules |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3:201 |
|
|
|
(1) |
II. – 6:103(2) |
|
|
(2) |
II. – 6:104(2) |
|
|
(3) |
II. – 6:103(3) |
|
|
3:202 |
II. – 6:105 |
|
|
3:203 |
II. – 6:108 |
|
|
3:204 |
|
|
|
(1) |
II. – 6:107(1) |
|
|
(2) |
II. – 6:107(2), (3) |
|
|
3:205 |
II. – 6:109 |
|
|
3:206 |
II. – 6:104(3) |
|
|
3:207 |
II. – 6:111(1), (2) |
|
|
3:208 |
– |
|
|
3:209 |
|
|
|
(1) |
II. – 6:112(1) |
|
|
(2) |
II. – 6:112(3) |
|
|
(3) |
II. – 6:112(4) |
|
|
3:301 |
II. – 6:106 |
|
|
3:302 |
– |
|
|
3:303 |
– |
|
|
3:304 |
– |
Chapter 4 |
4:101 |
II. – 7:101(2) |
|
|
|
4:102 |
II. – 7:102 |
|
|
4:103 |
II. – 7:201 |
|
|
4:104 |
II. – 7:202 |
|
|
4:105 |
II. – 7:203 |
|
|
4:106 |
II. – 7:204 |
|
|
4:107 |
II. – 7:205 |
|
|
4:108 |
II. – 7:206 |
|
|
4:109 |
II. – 7:207 |
|
|
4:110 |
|
|
|
(1) |
II. – 9:403-9:405 |
|
|
|
[ex IOE II.–9:404-9:406]; |
|
|
|
II. – 9:407(1) |
|
|
|
[ex IOE II.–9:408(1)]; |
104
Table of Destinations
|
PECL |
DCFR Model Rules |
|
|
|
|
|
II. – 9:408 |
|
|
[ex IOE II.–9:409] |
|
(2) |
II. – 9:406(2) |
|
|
[ex IOE II.–9:407(2)] |
|
4:111 |
II. – 7:208 |
|
4:112 |
II. – 7:209 |
|
4:113 |
|
|
(1) |
II. – 7:210 |
|
(2) |
– |
|
4:114 |
II. – 7:211 |
|
4:115 |
II. – 7:212(2) |
|
4:116 |
II. – 7:213 |
|
4:117 |
II. – 7:214 |
|
4:118 |
II. – 7:215 |
|
4:119 |
II. – 7:216 |
Chapter 5 |
5:101 |
II. – 8:101 |
|
5:102 |
II. – 8:102(1) |
|
5:103 |
II. – 8:103(1) |
|
5:104 |
II. – 8:104 |
|
5:105 |
II. – 8:105 |
|
5:106 |
II. – 8:106 |
|
5:107 |
II. – 8:107 |
Chapter 6 |
6:101 |
|
|
(1) |
II. – 9:102(1) |
|
(2) |
II. – 9:102(2) |
|
(3) |
II. – 9:102(3), (4) |
|
6:102 |
II. – 9:101(2) |
|
6:103 |
II. – 9:201(1) |
|
6:104 |
II. – 9:104 |
|
6:105 |
II. – 9:105 |
|
6:106 |
II. – 9:106 |
|
6:107 |
II. – 9:107 |
|
6:108 |
II. – 9:108 |
|
6:109 |
III. – 1:109(2) |
105
|
|
Table of Destinations |
|
|
|
|
PECL |
DCFR Model Rules |
|
|
|
|
6:110 |
|
|
(1) |
II. – 9:301(1) |
|
(2) |
II. – 9:303(1), 2nd. sent. |
|
(3) |
II. – 9:303(2), (3) |
|
6:111 |
III. – 1:110 |
Chapter 7 |
7:101 |
III. – 2:101(1), (2) |
|
7:102 |
|
|
(1) |
III. – 2:102(1) |
|
(2) |
III. – 2:102(2) |
|
(3) |
III. – 2:102(1) |
|
7:103 |
III. – 2:103 |
|
7:104 |
III. – 2:104 |
|
7:105 |
III. – 2:105 |
|
7:106 |
III. – 2:107(1), (2) |
|
7:107 |
III. – 2:108 |
|
7:108 |
III. – 2:109(1)–(3) |
|
7:109 |
|
|
(1) |
III. – 2:110(1) |
|
(2) |
III. – 2:110(2), (3) |
|
(3) |
III. – 2:110(4) |
|
(4) |
III. – 2:110(5) |
|
7:110 |
III. – 2:111 |
|
7:111 |
III. – 2:112(1) |
|
7:112 |
III. – 2:113(1) |
Chapter 8 |
8:101 |
III. – 3:101 |
|
8:102 |
III. – 3:102 |
|
8:103 |
III. – 3:502(2) |
|
8:104 |
III. – 3:202; III. – 3:203(a) |
|
8:105 |
|
|
(1) |
III. – 3:401(2) |
|
(2) |
III. – 3:505 |
|
8:106 |
|
|
(1) |
III. – 3:103(1) |
|
(2) |
III. – 3:103(2), (3) |
|
(3) |
III. – 3:503; III. – 3:507(2) |
106
Table of Destinations
|
PECL |
DCFR Model Rules |
|
|
|
|
8:107 |
III. – 2:106 |
|
8:108 |
III. – 3:104(1), (3), (5) |
|
8:109 |
III. – 3:105(2) |
Chapter 9 |
9:101 |
III. – 3:301 |
|
9:102 |
|
|
(1) |
III. – 3:302(1), (2) |
|
(2) |
III. – 3:302(3), (5) |
|
(3) |
III. – 3:302(4) |
|
9:103 |
III. – 3:303 |
|
9:201 |
|
|
(1) |
III. – 3:401(1), (4) |
|
(2) |
III. – 3:401(2) |
|
9:301 |
|
|
(1) |
III. – 3:502(1) |
|
(2) |
– |
|
9:302 |
III. – 3:506(2) |
|
9:303 |
|
|
(1) |
III. – 3:507(1) |
|
(2) |
III. – 3:508 |
|
(3) |
III. – 3:508 |
|
(4) |
III. – 3:104(4) |
|
9:304 |
III. – 3:504 |
|
9:305 |
III. – 3:509(1), (2) |
|
9:306 |
III. – 3:511(2) |
|
|
[ex IOE III.–3:510 and |
|
|
III. – 3:512(2)] |
|
9:307 |
III. – 3:510 |
|
|
[ex IOE III.–3:511] |
|
9:308 |
III. – 3:510 |
|
|
[ex IOE III.–3:511] |
|
9:309 |
III. – 3:510 |
|
|
[ex IOE III.–3:511] |
|
|
III. – 3:512 |
|
|
[ex IOE III.–3:513] |
|
9:401 |
III. – 3:601 |
|
9:501 |
III. – 3:701 |
107
|
|
Table of Destinations |
|
|
|
|
PECL |
DCFR Model Rules |
|
|
|
|
9:502 |
III. – 3:702 |
|
9:503 |
III. – 3:703 |
|
9:504 |
III. – 3:704 |
|
9:505 |
III. – 3:705 |
|
9:506 |
III. – 3:706 |
|
9:507 |
III. – 3:707 |
|
9:508 |
III. – 3:708 |
|
9:509 |
III. – 3:712 |
|
|
[ex IOE III.–3:710] |
|
9:510 |
III. – 3:713 |
|
|
[ex IOE III.–3:711] |
Chapter 10 |
10:101 |
III. – 4:102 |
|
10:102 |
III. – 4:103 |
|
10:103 |
III. – 4:104 |
|
10:104 |
III. – 4:105 |
|
10:105 |
III. – 4:106 |
|
10:106 |
III. – 4:107 |
|
10:107 |
III. – 4:108 |
|
10:108 |
|
|
(1) |
III. – 4:109(1) |
|
(2) |
– |
|
(3) |
III. – 4:109(2) |
|
10:109 |
III. – 4:110 |
|
10:110 |
III. – 4:111 |
|
10:111 |
III. – 4:112 |
|
10:201 |
III. – 4:202 |
|
10:202 |
III. – 4:204 |
|
10:203 |
III. – 4:205 |
|
10:204 |
III. – 4:206 |
|
10:205 |
III. – 4:207 |
Chapter 11 |
11:101 |
|
|
(1) |
III. – 5:101(1) |
|
(2) |
III. – 5:101(1) |
|
(3) |
III. – 5:101(2) |
108
Table of Destinations
|
PECL |
DCFR Model Rules |
|
|
|
Chapter 11 |
(4) |
III. – 5:103(1) |
|
(5) |
– |
|
11:102 |
|
|
(1) |
III. – 5:105(1) |
|
(2) |
III. – 5:106(1) |
|
11:103 |
III. – 5:107 |
|
11:104 |
III. – 5:110 |
|
11:201 |
III. – 5:115 |
|
11:202 |
III. – 5:114(1), (2) |
|
11:203 |
III. – 5:108(1); |
|
|
III. – 5:122 |
|
|
[ex IOE III. – 5:108(3)] |
|
11:204 |
III. – 5:112(2), (4), (6) |
|
11:301 |
|
|
(1) |
III. – 5:108(2), |
|
|
III. – 5:108(3) |
|
|
[ex IOE III. – 5:108(4), (5)] |
|
(2) |
III. – 5:108(4) |
|
|
[ex IOE III. – 5:108(6) |
|
11:302 |
III. – 5:109 |
|
11:303 |
|
|
(1) |
III. – 5:119(1) |
|
|
[ex IOE III. – 5:118(1)]; |
|
|
III. – 5:120(2) |
|
|
[ex IOE III. – 5:119(2)] |
|
(2) |
III. – 5:120(3), (4) |
|
|
[ex IOE III. – 5:119(3), (4)] |
|
(3) |
III. – 5:120(1) |
|
|
[ex IOE III. – 5:119(1)] |
|
(4) |
III. – 5:119(1) |
|
|
[ex IOE III. – 5:118(1)] |
|
11:304 |
III. – 5:119(2) |
|
|
[ex IOE III. – 5:118(2)] |
|
11:305 |
– |
|
11:306 |
III. – 5:117 |
|
11:307 |
III. – 5:116(1), (3) |
|
11:308 |
– |
109
|
|
Table of Destinations |
|
|
|
|
PECL |
DCFR Model Rules |
|
|
|
|
11:401 |
|
|
(1) |
III. – 5:121(1) |
|
|
[ex IOE III. – 5:120(1)] |
|
(2) |
III. – 5:114(3) |
|
(3) |
III. – 5:122 |
|
|
[ex IOE III. – 5:108(3)] |
|
(4) |
III. – 5:122 |
|
|
[ex IOE III. – 5:108(3)] |
Chapter 12 |
12:101 |
|
|
(1) |
III. – 5:202(1)(a) |
|
|
[ex IOE III. – 5:201(1)] |
|
|
III. – 5:203(1) |
|
|
[ex IOE III. – 5:201(1)] |
|
(2) |
III. – 5:203(2) |
|
|
[ex IOE III. – 5:201(2)] |
|
12:102 |
|
|
(1) |
III. – 5:205(3) |
|
|
[ex IOE III. – 5:202(1)] |
|
(2) |
III. – 5:205(4) |
|
|
[ex IOE III. – 5:202(2)] |
|
(3) |
III. – 5:205(5) |
|
|
[ex IOE III. – 5:202(3)] |
|
(4) |
III. – 5:205(1) |
|
|
[ex IOE III. – 5:202(4)] |
|
12:201 |
|
|
(1) |
III. – 5:302(1) |
|
|
[ex IOE III. – 5:301(1)] |
|
(2) |
III. – 5:302(2) |
|
|
[ex IOE III. – 5:301(2)] |
Chapter 13 |
13:101 |
III. – 6:102(a), (b) |
|
13:102 |
III. – 6:103 |
|
13:103 |
III. – 6:104 |
|
13:104 |
III. – 6:105 |
|
13:105 |
III. – 6:106 |
|
13:106 |
III. – 6:107 |
|
13:107 |
III. – 6:108 |
Chapter 14 |
14:101 |
III. – 7:101 |
|
14:201 |
III. – 7:201 |
110
Table of Destinations
|
PECL |
DCFR Model Rules |
|
|
|
|
14:202 |
III. – 7:202 |
|
14:203 |
III. – 7:203 |
|
14:301 |
III. – 7:301 |
|
14:302 |
III. – 7:302(1)-(3) |
|
14:303 |
III. – 7:303(1), (2) |
|
14:304 |
III. – 7:304 |
|
14:305 |
III. – 7:305 |
|
14:306 |
III. – 7:306 |
|
14:307 |
III. – 7:307 |
|
14:401 |
III. – 7:401 |
|
14:402 |
III. – 7:402 |
|
14:501 |
III. – 7:501 |
|
14:502 |
III. – 7:502 |
|
14:503 |
III. – 7:503 |
|
14:601 |
III. – 7:601 |
Chapter 15 |
15:101 |
II. – 7:301 |
|
15:102 |
II. – 7:302 |
|
15:103 |
– |
|
15:104 |
II. – 7:303 |
|
15:105 |
II. – 7:304 |
Chapter 16 |
16:101 |
III. – 1:106(1) |
|
16:102 |
III. – 1:106(4) |
|
16:103 |
|
|
(1) |
III. – 1:106(2) |
|
(2) |
III. – 1:106(3) |
Chapter 17 |
17:101 |
III. – 3:709 |
111