- •Introduction
- •General
- •The purposes of the DCFR
- •Contents of the DCFR
- •Revision of the interim outline edition
- •The coverage of the DCFR
- •Structure and language of the DCFR model rules
- •How the DCFR relates to PECL, the SGECC PEL series, the Acquis and the Insurance Contract Group series
- •How the DCFR may be used as preparatory work for the CFR
- •Developments after this edition
- •Academic contributors and funders
- •The pan-European teams
- •The Study Group on a European Civil Code
- •Its Co-ordinating Group
- •The Study Group’s Working Teams
- •The Study Group’s Advisory Councils
- •The Acquis Group
- •The former Commission on European Contract Law
- •The Compilation and Redaction Team
- •Funding
- •Principles
- •The underlying principles of freedom, security, justice and efficiency
- •Freedom
- •Contractual freedom
- •Non-contractual obligations
- •Property
- •Security
- •Contractual security
- •Non-contractual obligations
- •Property
- •Justice
- •Contract
- •Non-contractual obligations
- •Property
- •Efficiency
- •Efficiency for the purposes of the parties
- •Efficiency for wider public purposes
- •Conclusion
- •Table of Destinations
- •Table of Derivations
- •Model Rules
- •Annex
- •Definitions
- •Accessory
- •Acquisition finance device
- •Act of assignment
- •Agent
- •Assets
- •Assignment
- •Authorisation
- •Authority
- •Avoidance
- •Advanced electronic signature
- •Barter, contract for
- •Beneficiary
- •Benevolent intervention in another’s affairs
- •Business
- •Claim
- •Claimant
- •Co-debtorship for security purposes
- •Compensation
- •Complete substitution of debtor
- •Condition
- •Conduct
- •Confidential information
- •Construction, contract for
- •Commercial agency
- •Consumer
- •Consumer contract for sale
- •Contract
- •Contractual obligation
- •Contractual relationship
- •Co-ownership
- •Corporeal
- •Counter-performance
- •Court
- •Creditor
- •Damage
- •Damages
- •Debtor
- •Default
- •Defence
- •Costs
- •Delivery
- •Dependent personal security
- •Design, contract for
- •Direct physical control
- •Distribution contract
- •Distributorship
- •Divided obligation
- •Divided right
- •Donation, contract for
- •Discrimination
- •Durable medium
- •Duty
- •Economic loss
- •Electronic
- •Electronic signature
- •Financial assets
- •Financial instruments
- •Fraudulent
- •Fundamental non-performance
- •Global security
- •Franchise
- •Good faith
- •Good faith and fair dealing
- •Goods
- •Gross negligence
- •Handwritten signature
- •Harassment
- •Immovable property
- •Incomplete substitution of debtor
- •Indemnify
- •Independent personal security
- •Indirect physical control
- •Individually negotiated
- •Ineffective
- •Insolvency proceeding
- •Incorporeal
- •Intangibles
- •Interest
- •Invalid
- •Joint obligation
- •Joint right
- •Juridical act
- •Keeper
- •Limited proprietary rights
- •Limited-right-possessor
- •Loan contract
- •Lease
- •Loss
- •Mandate
- •Mandate for direct representation
- •Mandate for indirect representation
- •Merger of debts
- •Merger clause
- •Monetary loan
- •Movables
- •Negligence
- •Non-economic loss
- •Non-performance
- •Notice
- •Not individually negotiated
- •Obligation
- •Motor vehicle
- •Overdraft facility
- •Owner-possessor
- •Ownership
- •Performance
- •Person
- •Physical control
- •Possession
- •Possession-agent
- •Prescription
- •Presumption
- •Price
- •Proceeds
- •Possessory security right
- •Processing, contract for
- •Producer
- •Property
- •Proprietary security
- •Proprietary security, contract for
- •Public holiday
- •Reasonable
- •Reciprocal
- •Recklessness
- •Rent
- •Reparation
- •Representative
- •Ratify
- •Requirement
- •Resolutive
- •Retention of ownership device
- •Revocation
- •Right
- •Sale, contract for
- •Services, contract for
- •Signature
- •Solidary obligation
- •Solidary right
- •Security right in movable asset
- •Standard terms
- •Storage, contract for
- •Subrogation
- •Substitution of debtor
- •Supply
- •Suspensive
- •Tacit prolongation
- •Termination
- •Textual form
- •Transfer of contractual position
- •Treatment, contract for
- •Trust
- •Term
- •Trustee
- •Truster
- •Unjustified enrichment
- •Valid
- •Void
- •Voidable
- •Withdraw
- •Working days
- •Writing
- •Withholding performance
- •Index
The Acquis Group
Carlo Castronovo (Milan), Professor Eric Clive (Edinburgh), Professor Pierre Crocq (Paris); Professor Eugenia Dacoronia (Athens), Professor
Bénédicte Fauvarque-Cosson (Paris), Professor Jacques Ghestin (Paris), Professor Júlio Manuel Vieira Gomes (Oporto), Professor Helmut Grothe (Berlin), Supreme Court Judge Torgny Håstad (Stockholm), Professor Johnny Herre (Stockholm), Professor Jérôme Huet (Paris), Professor Giovanni Iudica (Milan), Dr. Monika Jurcˇova (Trnava), Professor Jan Kleineman (Stockholm), Professor Irene Kull (Tartu), Professor Marco Loos (Amsterdam), Professor Denis Mazeaud (Paris), Professor Hector MacQueen (Edinburgh), Professor Ewan McKendrick (Oxford), Professor Graham Moffat (Warwick), Professor Andrea Nicolussi (Milan), Professor Eoin O’Dell (Dublin), Professor Guillermo Palao Moreno (Valencia), Professor Edgar du Perron (Amsterdam), Professor Maria A. L. Puelinckx-van Coene (Antwerp), Professor Philippe Rémy (Poitiers), Professor Peter Schlechtriem† (Freiburg i. Br.), Professor Martin Schmidt-Kessel (Osnabrück), Dr. Kristina Siig (Arhus), Professor Reinhard Steennot (Ghent), Professor Matthias Storme (Leuven), Dr. Stephen Swann (Osnabrück), Professor Lubos˘ Tichy´ (Prague), Professor Stefano Troiano (Verona), Professor Antoni Vaquer Aloy (Lleida), Professor Anna Veneziano (Teramo), Professor Alain Verbeke (Leuven and Tilburg), Professor Anders Victorin† (Stockholm), Professor Sarah Worthington (London).
The Acquis Group
The Acquis Group texts result from a drafting process which involved individual Drafting Teams, the Redaction Committee, the Terminology Group, and the Plenary Meeting. The Drafting Teams produced a first draft of rules with comments for their topic or area on the basis of a survey of existing EC law. The drafts were then passed on to the Redaction Committee and to the Terminology Group which formulated proposals for making the various drafts by different teams dovetail with each other, also with a view towards harmonising the use of terminology and improving the language and consistency of drafts. All draft rules were debated several times at, and finally adopted by, Plenary Meetings of the Acquis Group, which convened twice a year. Several drafts which were adopted by Plenary
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The Acquis Group
Meetings (in particular those on pre-contractual information duties, unfair terms and withdrawal) were subsequently presented and discussed at CFR-net stakeholder meetings. Their comments were considered within a second cycle of drafting and consolidation of the Acquis Principles.
The following members of the Acquis Group took part in the Plenary Meetings: Professor Gianmaria Ajani (Torino, speaker), Professor Esther Arroyo i Amayuelas (Barcelona), Professor Carole Aubert de Vincelles (Lyon), Dr. Guillaume Busseuil (Paris), Dr. Simon Chardenoux
(Paris), Professor Giuditta Cordero Moss (Oslo), Professor Gerhard Dannemann (Berlin), Professor Silvia Ferreri (Torino), Professor Lars Gorton (Lund), Professor Michele Graziadei (Torino), Professor Hans Christoph Grigoleit (Regensburg), Professor Luc Grynbaum (Paris), Professor Geraint Howells (Manchester), Professor Jan Hurdik (Brno), Professor Tsvetana Kamenova (Sofia), Professor Konstantinos Kerameus (Athens), Professor Stefan Leible (Bayreuth), Professor Eva Lin- dell-Frantz (Lund), Dr. hab. Piotr Machnikowski (Wrocław), Professor
Ulrich Magnus (Hamburg), Professor Peter Møgelvang-Hansen (Copenhagen), Professor Susana Navas Navarro (Barcelona), Dr. Paolisa Nebbia (Leicester), Professor Anders Ørgaard (Aalborg), Dr. Barbara Pasa (Torino), Professor Thomas Pfeiffer (Heidelberg), Professor António Pinto Monteiro (Coimbra), Professor Jerzy Pisulinski (Kraków), Professor Elise Poillot (Lyon), Professor Judith Rochfeld (Paris), Professor Ewa Rott-Pietrzyk (Katowice), Professor Søren Sandfeld Jakobsen
(Copenhagen), Dr. Markéta Selucká (Brno), Professor Hans SchulteNölke (Osnabrück, co-ordinator), Professor Reiner Schulze (Münster), Professor Carla Sieburgh (Nijmegen), Dr. Sophie Stalla-Bourdillon
(Florence), Professor Matthias Storme (Antwerp and Leuven), Professor Gert Straetmans (Antwerp), Dr. hab. Maciej Szpunar (Katowice), Professor Evelyne Terryn (Leuven), Dr. Christian Twigg-Flesner
(Hull), Professor Antoni Vaquer Aloy (Lleida), Professor Thomas Wilhelmsson (Helsinki), Professor Fryderyk Zoll (Kraków).
The members of the Redaction Committee were, besides the speaker
(Gianmaria Ajani) and the co-ordinator (Hans Schulte-Nölke) of the Acquis Group, Gerhard Dannemann (chair), Luc Grynbaum, Reiner Schulze, Matthias Storme, Christian Twigg-Flesner and Fryderyk Zoll.
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The former Commission on European Contract Law
The Terminology Group consisted of Gerhard Dannemann (Chair), Silvia Ferreri and Michele Graziadei.
Members of the individual Acquis Group Drafting Teams are: ‘Contract I’ (originally organised in the subteams Definition of Consumer and Business, Form, Good Faith, Pre-contractual Information Duties, Formation, Withdrawal, Non-negotiated Terms): Esther Arroyo i Amayuelas, Christoph Grigoleit, Peter Møgelvang-Hansen, Barbara Pasa, Thomas Pfeiffer, Hans Schulte-Nölke, Reiner Schulze, Evelyne Terryn, Christian Twigg-Flesner, Antoni Vaquer Aloy; ‘Contract II’ (responsible for Performance, Non-Performance, Remedies): Carole Aubert de Vincelles, Piotr Machnikowski, Ulrich Magnus, Jerzy Pisuliłski, Judith Rochfeld, Ewa Rott-Pietrzyk, Reiner Schulze, Matthias Storme, Maciej Szpunar, Fryderyk Zoll; ‘E-Commerce’: Stefan Leible, Jerzy Pisulinski, Fryderyk Zoll; ‘Non-discrimination’: Stefan Leible, Susana Navas Navarro, Jerzy Pisulinski, Fryderyk Zoll; ‘Specific Performance’: Lars Gorton, Geraint Howells. Numerous further colleagues supported the Plenary and the Drafting Teams or contributed to the Comments, among them Dr. Christoph Busch, Dr. Martin Ebers, Dr. Krzysztof Korus, Professor Matthias Lehmann and Dr. Filip Wejman.
The former Commission on European Contract Law
The members of the three consecutive commissions of the Commission on European Contract Law which met under the chairmanship of Professor Ole Lando (Copenhagen) from 1982 to 1999 were: Professor Christian von Bar (Osnabrück), Professor Hugh Beale (Warwick); Professor Alberto Berchovitz (Madrid), Professor Brigitte Ber- lioz-Houin (Paris), Professor Massimo Bianca (Rome), Professor Michael Joachim Bonell (Rome), Professor Michael Bridge (London), Professor Carlo Castronovo (Milan), Professor Eric Clive (Edinburgh), Professor Isabel de Magalhães Collaço† (Lisbon), Professor Ulrich Drobnig (Hamburg), Bâtonnier Dr. André Elvinger (Luxembourg), Maître Marc Elvinger (Luxembourg), Professor Dimitri Evrigenis† (Thessaloniki), Professor Carlos Ferreira de Almeida (Lisbon), Professor Sir Roy M. Goode (Oxford), Professor Arthur Hartkamp (The Hague), Professor Ewoud Hondius (Utrecht), Professor Guy Hors-
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The Compilation and Redaction Team
mans (Louvain la Neuve), Professor Roger Houin† (Paris), Professor
Konstantinos Kerameus (Athens), Professor Bryan MacMahon (Cork), Professor Hector MacQueen (Edinburgh), Professor Willibald Posch (Graz), Professor André Prum (Nancy), Professor Jan Ramberg (Stockholm), Professor Georges Rouhette (Clermont-Ferrand), Professor Pablo Salvador Coderch (Barcelona), Professor Fernando Martinez Sanz (Castellon), Professor Matthias E. Storme (Leuven), Professor Denis Tallon (Paris), Dr. Frans J. A. van der Velden (Utrecht), Dr. J. A. Wade (The Hague), Professor William A. Wilson† (Edinburgh), Professor Thomas Wilhelmsson (Helsinki), Professor Claude Witz (Saarbrücken), Professor Reinhard Zimmermann (Regensburg).
The Compilation and Redaction Team
To co-ordinate between the Study and Acquis Groups, to integrate the PECL material revised for the purposes of the DCFR, and for revision and assimilation of the drafts from the sub-projects we established a “Compilation and Redaction Team” (CRT) at the beginning of 2006. The CRT members were Professors Christian von Bar (Osnabrück), Hugh Beale (Warwick), Eric Clive (Edinburgh), Johnny Herre
(Stockholm), Jérôme Huet (Paris), Peter Schlechtriem† (Freiburg i. Br.),
Hans Schulte-Nölke (Osnabrück), Matthias Storme (Leuven), Stephen Swann (Osnabrück), Paul Varul (Tartu), Anna Veneziano (Teramo) and Fryderyk Zoll (Cracow); it was chaired by Eric Clive and Christian von Bar. Professor Clive carried the main drafting and editorial burden at the later (CRT) stages; he is also the main drafter of the list of terminology in the Annex of the DCFR. Professor Gerhard Dannemann (Berlin), Chair of the Acquis Group’s redaction committee, attended several of the later meetings of the CRT by invitation and made important drafting contributions.
Professor Clive was assisted by Ashley Theunissen (Edinburgh), Professor von Bar by Daniel Smith (Osnabrück). Over the course of several years Johan Sandstedt (Bergen) and Daniel Smith (Osnabrück) took care of the Master copy of the DCFR.
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