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В672
СИБИРСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ ПУТЕЙ СООБЩЕНИЯ
И.С. ВОЛЕГЖАНИНА, О.А. ПАЛАГИНА, С.В. ЧУСОВЛЯНОВА
ENGLISH
FOR TRANSPORTATION TECHNOLOGY
Practice File
ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ ТРАНСПОРТНЫХ ПРОЦЕССОВ
Практикум для самостоятельной работы по английскому языку
Новосибирск
2014
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УДК 42(075):656 В672
В о л е г ж а н и н а И.С., П а л а г и н а О.А., Ч у с о в л я н о в а С.В. English for Transportation Technology: Practice File = Технология транспортных процессов:
Практикум для самостоятельной работы по английскому языку. – Новосибирск: Изд-во СГУПСа, 2014. – 79 с.
Практикум создан в качестве сопровождения самостоятельной работы студентов при использовании учебного пособия по английскому языку «Технология транспортных процессов» = Englishfor Transportation Technology: Coursebook.
Предназначен студентам специальности 190401 «Эксплуатация железных дорог». Также адресован инженерам и научным работникам, чья деятельность связана с техническим переводом и иными видами целевой обработки англоязычных научных статей в железнодорожной отрасли.
Практикум рассмотрен и рекомендован к изданию на заседании кафедры «Иностранные языки».
О т в е т с т в е н н ы й р е д а к т о р канд. филол. наук, доц. кафедры «Иностранные языки» СГУПСа
Э.М. Аникина
Р е ц е н з е н т ы:
канд. филол. наук, доц. кафедры «Английский язык» НГПУ И.А. Везнер канд. филол. наук, доц. кафедры иностранных языков НГАВТа Е.И. Мартынова
© Сибирский государственный университет путей сообщения, 2014
© Волегжанина И.С., Палагина О.А.,
Чусовлянова С.В., 2014
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ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ
Данный практикум является частью учебно-методического комплекса по английскому языку «Технология транспортных процессов» (Englishfor Transportation Technology). Он создан для самостоятельной работы студентов транспортных вузов, обучающихся по специальности 190401 «Эксплуатация железных дорог».
В соответствии с федеральными государственными образовательными стандартами высшего профессионального образования, владение иностранным языком на уровне, обеспечивающем эффективную профессиональную деятельность, включено в перечень общекультурных компетенций, которыми должны обладать выпускники университетов по завершении обучения. Учебно-методический комплекс как раз и направлен на формирование и развитие у будущих инженеров навыков профессиональной коммуникации на английском языке, а также на создание базы для его дальнейшего изучения.
Структура и логика предъявления учебного материала обусловлены комплексным подходом. Каждый урок состоит из комплексов упражнений, направленных на самостоятельное совершенствование навыков чтения, письма и перевода, развитие восприятия англоязычной речи на слух и устранение пробелов в грамматике. В завершении предлагается творческое задание, предполагающее использование ресурсов Интернета.
При работе над грамматикой следует ограничиться функциональным принципом отбора материала, предложенного авторами, – ведь объять все невозможно. Занимаясь по этому практикуму, обращайтесь и к другим материалам по грамматике английского языка.
Предполагается использование настоящего практикума вместе с учебным пособием для аудиторной работы студентов и методическими указаниями по организации процесса обучения для преподавателя.
Авторы
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UNIT 1. CAREER PLANNING
R e a di n g a n d tr a ns l a t i o n
Exercise 1. Read the passagegiven below.Is the author of the passage British or American? How do you know?
A RESUME
A resume is a list of information about you. It shows your qualifications to prospective employers. Qualifications are skills or talents. A resume needs to be neat, clean, well-organized, and attractive. You need to organize your resume into categories (or groups) of information. Categories make a resume easy to read. Your resume also needs to be short. It is usually only one or two pages. Resumes might look simple, but you must work hard to create one that will help you to get your ideal job.
A resumealways includes personal data (facts about you), your career objective (the kind of job you want), your work experience, any special skills or abilities, your education, and references.
Personal data – the first section of a resume – means your name, mailing address, and telephone number. Put this information in a prominent place, at the top of the resume. You do not have to include your sex, age, weight, height, marital status, or Social Security number.
Career objective comes next. In this section, describe your career objective, or the kind of job you want.
Work experience can include jobs you have had. List the most recent jobs first. Also, include the length of time you worked and your job title or the type of work that you did. If you do not have any job experience yet, do not worry. Just go the next section: education.
Education section starts with the highest level of education that you have completed. List your degree(s), your major (or the most important courses that you took), and the name of your school, college, or university. It can also include job-training courses.
In special skills section, list your special skills. For example, you might speak about a second language or languages. You might know certain computer programs (software or hardware). In additional informationsection you may note your personal interests (Do you play sports? Do you have hobbies? Do you do volunteer work?). These skills may be important in a particular job.
Adapted from the authors’ materials by Sarah Lindeman, Novosibirsk State University
Exercise 2. Find the main idea of the passage about a resume.The main idea is a complete sentence that says something about the topic of a text. A topic is a word or phrase that states what a text is about.
1)A resume always includes a description of your career objectives.
2)A resume might look simple, but it takes a lot of work to prepare a good one.
3)In a resume, you organise information into several different categories.
4)Personal data includes your phone number.
Exercise 3. Find a word in the passage for each definition given below.
1)a list of information about you
2)skills or talents
3)facts about you(your name, mailing address, and telephone number)
4)groups
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5)the kind of job you want
6)jobs you have had and job-training courses
7)a student's principal subject or course
8)a language other than the mother tongue that a person uses for public communication.
Exercise 4. Choose the correct word to fill in the gap.
1)A resume shows your…………… to prospective employers.
a)talents
b)qualifications
c)beauty
d)intellect
2)You need to organize your resume into …………… of information.
a)points
b)facts
c)friends
d)categories
3)…………… – the first section of a resume – means your name, mailing address, and telephone number.
a)Physicalchanges
b)Physicaldata
c)Personaldata
d)Individualcharacteristics
4)…………… describes the kind of job you want.
a)Careerobjective
b)Theprizesoflife
c)Desiredeffect
d)Wakingdream
5)…………… can include jobs you have had.
a)Knowledgeoflife
b)Workexperience
c)Criticalexperiment
d)Bitterexperience
6)Education section can also include …………… courses.
a)interesting
b)no-effect
c)expensive
d)job-training
7)In …………… section, list your special skills.
a)job-training
b)specialskills
c)personaldata
d)prospectiveemployers
8)In …………… section you may note your personal interests
a)sports
b)specialskills
c)additionalinformation
d)hobbies
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Exercise 5. Find English equivalents to the following Russian phrases from the passage.
1)квалификация по диплому
2)будущие работодатели
3)хорошо структурированный
4)личные данные
5)номер социального страхования
6)цель
7)последнее место работы
8)курсы производственного обучения
9)дополнительные навыки
10)профилирующая дисциплина (в колледже); дисциплина, выбранная в качестве специализации
L i s t e n i n g
Exercise 1. Study the vocabulary presented below. Watch the cartoon and answer the following questions:
1)What position is an applicant applying for?
2)What does a potential employer do?
3)Does an applicant know the formula for noninvertible pump gain?
4)What makes an applicant apply for this position?
Vocabulary: |
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opening stroke |
ход открытия |
resistance value |
значение электрического сопротивления |
noninvertible pump gain |
необратимое неконтролируемое периодическое |
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изменение коэффициента усиления |
a circuit |
схема блокировки |
tolookup |
искать (что-л. в справочнике) |
readily available |
легкодоступный |
the panicle of one’s career |
высшая ступенька карьерной лестницы |
to pull down |
зарабатывать |
to kept one’s eye on a prize |
намечать желанную цель |
to infinity |
до бесконечности |
shallow co-workers |
ненадежные коллеги |
Exercise 2. Now listen to the interview and differentiate the questions in the following script.
ThankyouforapplyingfortheelectricalengineerpositionhereattheABCGate companyThanksfortheopportunitytoworkhereThecompanyisaleaderin automaticgatesIfyouhaveeverbeensoldstoragefacilityyou’veprobablyused ourgatesOhLet’sgetstartedOKIhaveforyourconsiderationsomeofmypast designsthatIhavedoneforpreviousemployersandclientsSoIseeyouhave openingstrokehereHowdidyouarriveatthisresistancevalueWhatformuladid youuse
Exercise 3. Watch the cartoon again. What job interview clichés do you hear?
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L a n gu a ge s p o t
P a r ts of s pe e c h
Exercise 1. Match the part of speech to the correct definition.
1 |
Pronouns |
a |
Words that name people, places things, ideas |
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2 |
Adverbs |
b |
Words that modify nouns or pronouns |
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3 |
Verbs |
c |
Words that connect words, phrases, or clauses |
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4 |
Adjectives |
d |
Words that describe a relationship between a noun or |
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pronoun and another element in the sentence |
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Conjunctions |
e |
Words that show emotion |
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Prepositions |
f |
Words that modify verbs, adjectives, and adverbs |
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Nouns |
g |
Words that show an action or state of being |
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Interjections |
h |
Words that take the place of nouns |
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Exercise 2. For the words in bold, choose the correct part of speech from the choices listed in a and b.
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Your resume introduces you to potential |
a |
noun |
b |
adjective |
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employers. |
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2 |
No, you may not climeb onto the roof. |
a |
adverb |
b |
pronoun |
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3 |
Find out how to write one that will make a |
a |
verb |
b |
adverb |
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good impression. |
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4 |
See samples ofgood and bad resumes. |
a |
adverb |
b |
adjective |
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5 |
Get the facts on portfolios and other resume |
a |
verb |
b |
noun |
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related documents. |
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The extremely important thing is that your |
a |
adjective |
b |
adverb |
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resume be well organized and well written. |
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7 |
You can choose from three resume formats – |
a |
interjection |
b |
conjunction |
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chronological, functional, or combination. |
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Where is my diploma? |
a |
verb |
b |
adverb |
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You need to include an objective on your |
a |
preposition |
b |
adjective |
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resume. |
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10 |
Using too much jargon will appear to be more |
a |
noun |
b |
preposition |
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flash than substance. |
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Exercise 3. Label the part of speech for each word in bold.
Writing a resume in English (1) can be very different than in your native tongue (2). Use dynamic (3) action verbs such as: accomplished, collaborated, encouraged, established, facilitated (4), founded, managed, etc. Do (5) not use the (6) subject, use tenses in (7) the past. Except (8) for your (9) present job. Example: Conducted routine inspections of (10) on site equipment.
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W r i t i n g
Exercise 1. Read the passagebelow the questions and answer them in writing . Use your own words.
1)Why does John Little believe that a CV is “a strategic document”?
2)Is it a good idea to use a photograph of yourself on your CV? Why?
3)Why using “buzz words” in your CV is important?
4)What should you do to tell companies why you want to work for them?
5)How many “tips for success” can you name? Which one is the most important for you?
WRITE A KILLER CV
Getting your CV to stand out in a pile of applications used to be easy. Coloured paper was always a winner. A bright new red binder the hot accessory. Adding a splash of graphics and fancy typography won you some points.
But in these days of email responses to job ads and recruiter databases, do the old tricks stack up? Or are there new bells and whistles that will make your CV stand out from the crowd? John Little, founder of Successful resumes, says that before you even start typing up a resume, you should be thinking about it as a strategic document.
“A CV isn't just a list of your work history,” he says. “It's a marketing exercise. After all, at the beginning of the process we’re all just white crumbly powder. But put a box around us and you have a brand. Getting the really relevant information across in a dynamic way is the key.”
Instant gratification
Little remembers some research done about seven years ago by then recruiting force Morgan & Banks. It found that recruiters and employers take from 15 to 45 seconds to decide whether a resume goes into the interview pile or not.
“The important information must come first,” he says. Don’t stick to CV formulas that have been around for decades, with your name, age, marital status and religion listed at the top.
“This is enough to bury 99 per cent of all applicants,” he adds.
Be dynamic
Little says you should mix up the order: “If a piece of information is important, make sure people see it. Make sure they see the information that's really going to turn them on quickly.”
Start with your most recent job or the last one that is most likely to be of interest to the employer.
“There's almost nothing of interest that’s more than 10 years old. There’s no point saying you were employed by Price Waterhouse in 1968. It doesn’t do you any favours. Back then the computer systems were clunking mainframes.”
Replicate the skills and attitudes listed in the job advertisement in your resume. “Today employers tend to select as much on a person's values and their capacity to fit into the organisation as on their experience.”
Work your positive personality traits into the first part of your resume if you can. But, more importantly, “make it easy to read with headlines and bullet points, like in the job ads in the front section of The Sydney Morning Herald,” Little says.
“This is how the recruiters attract talent. So use these devices on the first page of your resume.
You are then employing the same strategy and attracting the attention of the recruiter or advertiser with their format.”
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Say cheese
Putting a photograph of yourself on your CV is one of the bells and whistles that Little thinks is worthwhile. With a photo CV, a candidate becomes a person, not just words on paper. It also adds a type of graphic icon, he says. “I've sat on government recruitment panels and the number of times people refer to that one, or those two with the photo' is amazing. People remember a photo.”
Buzz words
After resumes are entered into a recruiter's database, they are usually revisited using a keyword search. If a job specifies auditing, this will be entered into the database and all CVs that contain the word will be listed.
Little says you should scan job ads in your sector and see what sort of terminology recruiters are using. Then find ways to incorporate the buzz words into your resume. But what if you don't have relevant industry experience to draw this jargon from? “If you're an accounting graduate, you get the jargon, such as management accounting and auditing, in by making sure your [university] subjects are listed.”
Another tactic is to put down your planned studies, such as a bachelor of law degree, starting
2007. “This will at least help you rise to the top in a database search,” he says.
Covered with care
When it comes to a cover letter for your CV, the trick is to tailor the letter to the employer and the job.“Generic cover letters are no more use than writing your resume on a scrap piece of paper. Large organisations spend millions on their reputation. They want to attract the best quality customers, suppliers and staff. So tell them why you want to work for them,” Little says.
“Talk about your similar values and their mission statement. All this is easy to find out these days – just do your research. Then, if you like the sound of them, tell them. This almost invariably results in an interview.”
How to get started
“The first 10 seconds of someone picking up your resume is critical,” Little says. He gives these tips for success:
1)Think about what your CV says, how easy it is to read and the order you put it in.
2)Be dynamic in how you present your work history and skills.
3)Use positive language about yourself.
4)Make sure there's a well-designed front page.
5)Put a photograph of yourself on the first page of your resume.
6)Putyournameincolour
7)Present it in a good quality binder.
8)Remember, you get only one chance to make a good impression.
by Margie Sheedy, Sydney Morning Herald http://content.mycareer.com.au/advice-research/resume/write-a-killer-cv.aspx
Exercise 2. Write an e-mail to your friend who is going to apply for a job. Give a piece of advice how to create a strategic resume(10-12 sentences).
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W e b P r o j e c t
Visit the following sites and enter a sector that you are interested in, such as Engineering.In the Search box find a job you think is interesting and follow the link. When you have done your research, write a resume for the job. www.milkround.com/s4/jobseekers/
www.eurograduate.com
www.careerjet.com
UNIT 2. THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF TRANSPORTATION
R e a di n g a n d tr a ns l a t i o n
Exercise 1. Read the passage and ask 6 questions (general, special, alternative, disjunctive, subject, indirect) to it.
THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF TRANSPORTATION
§1. The environment is the world around us, which provides for our life support requirements (a life or death question), and for all additional commodities we might fancy (raw materials, landscapes, landfills). Humans are living beings and we need to connect with the environment for mass, momentum, energy, and information transfer. Our activity transforms the Earth surface, expropriating nature to build settlements, railways, communications, and water reservoirs. Therefore, by the end of the 20th century a scientific consensus has been reached on the negative impact of human activities at global scale, as the oncoming biosphere change, with far reaching threats. Knowing that the Earth will go around no matter how severely we may change our environment: we want to stay for long.
§2. Transport is the only sector in which greenhouse gas emissions have consistently risen since 1990, and current transport patterns are clearly environmentally unsustainable. As well as contributing to climate change, the growth in congestion on our roads, accidents, air pollution, and noise pollution of transport all lead to substantial costs that are borne by people, business, and society. The share of fossil fuel used in the transport sector varies widely from region to region and city to city. Transport poses a dilemma in that it is necessary for economic and social development, yet it is associated with environmental degradation, especially with regard to atmospheric pollution.
§3. The transport sector accounts for about 25 % of total commercial energy consumed worldwide, and consume approximately one-half of total oil produced. Different modes of transport pollute the environment differently. Rail only accounts for 0.6% for diesel emissions and for less than 2% including emissions for electricity production.For passenger transport, going by rail is on average 4 times more efficient than taking the automobile and more than 3 times better than taking the plane. CO2 emissions from rail are almost 8 times less than lorries and 4 times less than inland waterways.
§4. The analysis of air pollution by different transport services in Russia shows that diesel locomotives operations at the rail yard have been determined to be a significant source of emissions of diesel particulate matter and other pollutants. New combustion technologies, efficient transmission systems and exhaust after-treatment will ensure that rail diesel traction will remain more environmentally friendly in the future than road and inland waterways.
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