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Packing Group II goods, other than those specified elsewhere |
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Flammable gases |
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Infectious substances in risk group 2 |
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Packing Group III goods,other than those specified elsewhere |
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Non-flammable, non-toxic gases |
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UN 2990, UN 3072 |
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Any other dangerous goods not listed elsewhere |
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Empty, uncleaned packaging (except those containing infectious |
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substances in risk group 4 and toxic gases) |
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Exercise 2. What modes of transport are used to carry dangerous goods? What do we do to carry them safely? Now read the passage and check your answers.
CARRIAGE OF DANGEROUS GOODS
§1. When transported dangerous goods need to be packaged correctly as laid out in the various international and national regulations for each mode of transport to ensure that they are carried safely to minimise the risk of an incident. There are four different modes of transport which dangerous goods are carried: road, rail, sea and air.
However, transporting goods by road or rail involves the risk of traffic accidents. If the goods carried are dangerous, eg. petrol or chemicals, there is also the risk of an incident, such as spillage of the goods, causing hazards such as fire, explosion, chemical burn or environmental damage. For this reason there are regulations which deal with the transport of dangerous goods. Their aim is to minimise the risk of spillage etc. but, if spillages do occur, to make it easier for the emergency services to deal with them. The regulations place a duty upon those involved in the carriage of dangerous goods to ensure that they know about the measures needed to minimise such risks. Table 1 shows someabbreviations for various regulations applying to the transport of dangerous goods.
Most goods are not considered sufficiently dangerous to need special precautions during transport. However, some goods have properties which mean they could present a danger while being carried, such as explosive, toxic, corrosive or flammable substances. If you wish to carry such goods, you need to identify the hazards first. This process is called classification.
§2. Dangerous goods should be packaged so that they do not escape during handling and carriage. The packages used should be suitable and adequate.
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Table 1 |
Abbreviations for regulations applying to the transport of dangerous goods |
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Abbreviation |
Regulation |
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ACL |
Approved Carriage List: Information approved for the carriage of dangerous |
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goods by road and rail other than explosives and radioactive material. |
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ARCRR |
Approved Requirements for the packaging, labelling and carriage of |
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radioactive material by rail. |
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ARTM |
Approved Requirements and test methods for the classification and |
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packaging of dangerous goods for carriage. |
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ATR |
Approved Tank Requirements: The provisions for bottom loading and |
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vapour recovery systems of mobile containers carrying petrol. |
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CDGCPL2 |
Carriage of Dangerous Goods (Classification, Packaging and Labelling) and |
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Use of Transportable Pressure Receptacles Regulations. |
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CDGRail2 |
Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Rail Regulations. |
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CER ACOP |
Suitability of vehicles and containers and limits on quantities for the |
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carriage of explosives. |
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CLER |
Classification and Labelling of Explosives Regulations. |
PEC |
Packaging of Explosives for Carriage Regulations. |
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RAMRail |
Packaging, Labelling and Carriage of Radioactive Material by Rail |
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Regulations. |
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TDGSA |
Transport of Dangerous Goods (Safety Advisers) Regulations. |
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This means that they must be able to withstand the normal conditions of transport (such as vibration, humidity, pressure or heavy braking), or the normal stresses of handling during loading and unloading, so that the risk of leakage is minimised.
§ 3. Dangerous goods in packages need to be labeled according to their classification. Labels should be clearly visible so that everyone involved is aware of the potential hazards.
For rail transport, if you are an operator of a container, tank container, tank wagon or wagon, you should make sure that the operator of a train, which is to carry dangerous goods, is provided with the necessary carriage information about those goods. Train operators, in turn, need to pass the information to the infrastructure controller on whose railway the goods are to be carried.
Any vehicle, container, tank or wagon used to carry dangerous goods should be suitable for the purpose. For example, some dangerous goods (radioactive materials) are allowed to be carried in tanks. Carriage in bulk is the carriage of solid dangerous goods without packaging.
If a vehicle carrying dangerous goods is involved in any sort of accident or incident, the appropriate emergency action needs to be taken. Drivers must follow the emergency instructions provided and, if necessary, notify the emergency services by the quickest and safest method.
Exercise 3. Explain the following statements. Work in pairs.
1)Transporting goods by rail involves the risk of traffic accidents.
2)When transported dangerous goods the various international and national regulations for each mode of transport are used.
3)If you wish to carry dangerous goods, you need to identify their hazards.
Exercise 4. Find English equivalents to the following Russian phrases in the passage.
1)опасные грузы
2)международные и национальные правила
3)риск дорожно-транспортных происшествий
4)определить опасность
5)выдерживать стандартные условия транспортировки
6)погрузка и разгрузка
7)разрешается перевозить в цистернах
8)перевозка опасных грузов без упаковки
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9)инструкция по действиям в аварийных ситуациях
10)маркируются в соответствии с их классификацией
Exercise 5. Translate the first paragraph of the passage into Russian. Work with a dictionary.
Exercise 6. Study the tablep resented in the second paragraph of the passage. Do you know similar Russian regulations applying to the transport of dangerous goods?
Exercise 7. Make a short summary of the third paragraph of the passage in Russian.
L i s t e n i n g
Exercise 1. Before you watch a video about railway safety, discuss the answers to these questions.
1)What makes trains potential weapon of mass destruction?
2)How to protect people from terrorism on railways?
Exercise 2. Watch the video. Write the numbers you hear.
Exercise 3. Watch again. In the following script differentiate the logic parts (|) and put punctuation marks.
Everydaymorethanonemilliontonsofhazardousmaterialsaretransportedbyrailwaytankcarstravelby homesschoolshospitalstothemiddleofcitiesandalongourhighwaysOverthenextdecadedemandof radioactivewastestobecarriedbyrailwillgrowsubstantiallyAsinglerealhazmatinstanthasthe potentialtokillhundredsofthousandswithinminutesAndyetthereisglobalqualitytrainingofthosewho wouldbeaffectedmostrailworkersemergencyrespondersandcitizensinrailcommunitiesWhatmak es trainspotentialweaponofmassdestructionTonesofdeadlycargoinsidesometankers
Exercise 4. Check what you remember. Put the statements below in the correct order.
1)Since 2001 a federal government has invested 20 billion dollars for caring the airlines. Last spending was 250 million for securing the rails.
2)A single real hazmat instant has the potential to kill hundreds of thousands within minutes.
3)84 % of rail workers nationwide said they have not received any training related to terrorism prevention.
4)A government report says just one tanker of chlorine could kill a hundred thousand people in a half hours’ time.
5)Trains are loaded with hazardous materials are staying out of secure for hours any time.
6)Trains are moving millions of tons of hazardous materials each year.
L a n gu a ge s p o t
P hr a s e , Co m p o un d a n d P a r ti c i pl e pr e p os i ti ons
Exercise 1. Read the following passage quickly to find Phrase prepositions. What other Phrase prepositions do you know?
The large quantities of hazardous material could cause serious problems of exposure of personnel and environment. Dangerous goods are often shipped subject to chemical regulations.In spite of their use, no amount of preparation for a worst-case accident is ever
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enough. In consequence of that, minimizing risk of an accident is imperative. In the event of accident, loss of containment occurs and the contents of the car or shipping container spill onto the ground. In conformity with emergency instructions, all of the groups in a rail organization are involved in transportation accidents. Thanks to equipment maintainers, the damage repairs and the car put back on the track, if possible. However, in view of dangerous situation, the track under the derailed car may have been destroyed. Due to this, repair or replacement of track occurs next (U.S. Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety).
Exercise 2. Look at the word combinations given and consider only those which have Compound prepositions.
A single-track rail tunnel without shuttle terminals (1), transporting oil and gas products by truck (2), road traffic comes under the jurisdiction of the TDG Act the UN number is inside the label (3), the labels are visible from the outside of the vehicle (4), the shipping document must accompany the consignment throughout its journey (5), the quantity of dangerous goods initially loaded into the container (6), Combined European regulations for the combined transportation of dangerous goods on roads and rails (7), the goods inside or outside of the calculation of the width of more than locomotives and rolling stock gauge (8).
Exercise 3. Read the following sentences. Fill in the gaps using Participle prepositions from the box below.
during |
including |
concerning |
regarding |
following |
accepting |
excepting |
notwithstanding |
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1)Most goods are not considered sufficiently dangerous to need special precautions
…………… transport.
2)Packages used to transport radioactive material must meet the standards laid down in
RAMRoad, RAMRail and the ARCRR ……………, where required, obtaining approval(s) from the Department of Environment, Transport and the Regions (DETR).
3)Ensure the preparation of an annual report on your activities …………… the transport of dangerous goods
4)Do I need to make a report …………… an accident or emergency?
5)In the European Union (EU) there are obligations …………… dangerous goods security procedures.
6)Loaded hazardous material shipments must be forwarded within 48 hours (excluding Saturdays, Sundays, and holidays) after …………… them at the shipper’s facility or receiving them in any yard, transfer station, or interchange point.
7)Dangerous goods may only be carried in goods trains, …………… dangerous goods which are carried as hand luggage.
8)…………… with preceding paragraphs, Member States may lay down specific safety requirements for the international carriage of dangerous goods by rail, in so far as RID does not cover that area.
Exercise 4. Write an instruction to a shipper of flammable liquids (60-80 words). Use Phrase, Compound and Participle prepositions.
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W r i t i n g
Exercise 1. Read the passage about transportation accidents and write answers to the following questions.
1)What examples of transportation accident does the author name?
2)How can the potential for such accidents be minimized?
3)Why do hazardous commodities generally remain contained during an accident?
4)What rehabilitation activities are mentioned in the text?
5)What should railway personnel do in some situations when loss of containment occurs and the contents of the car or shipping container spill onto the ground?
TRANSPORTATION ACCIDENTS
Possibly the greatest single concern in rail operations is the transportation accident. The large quantities of material that could be involved could cause serious problems of exposure of personnel and environment. No amount of preparation for a worst-case accident is ever enough. Therefore, minimizing risk and the consequences of an accident are imperative. Transportation accidents occur for a variety of reasons: collisions at level crossings, obstruction of the track, failure of equipment and operator error.
The potential for such accidents can be minimized through conscientious and ongoing inspection and maintenance of track and right-of-way and equipment. The impact of a transportation accident involving a train carrying mixed cargo can be minimized through strategic positioning of cars that carry incompatible freight. Such strategic positioning, however, is not impossible for a train hauling a single commodity. Commodities of a particular concern include: pulverized coal, sulphur, liquefied petroleum (fuel) gases, heavy metal concentrates, solvents and process chemicals.
All of the groups in a rail organization are involved in transportation accidents. Rehabilitation activities can literally involve all groups working simultaneously at the same location on the site.
Hazardous commodities generally remain contained during such accidents because of the attention given to crashproofing in the design of shipping containers and bulk rail cars. During an accident, the contents are removed from the demaged car by emergency response crews that represent the shipper. Equipment maintainers repair the damage to the extent possible and put the car back on the track, if possible. However, the track under the derailed car may have been destroyed. If so, repair or replacement of track occurs next, using prefabricated sections and special techniques.
In some situations, loss of containment occurs and the contents of the car or shipping container spill onto the ground. If substances are shipped in quantities sufficient to require placarding because of transportation laws, they are readily identifiable on shipping manifests. However, highly hazardous substances that are shipped in smaller quantities than mandated for listing in a shipping manifest can escape identification and characterization for a considerable period.
Containment at the site and collection of the spilled material are the responsibility of the shipper.
Railway personnel can be exposed to materials that remain in snow, soil or vegetation during rehabilitation efforts. The severity of exposure depends on the properties and quantity of the substance, the geometry of the site and weather conditions. The situation could also pose fire, explosion, reactivity and toxic hazards to humans, animals and the surrounding environment.
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At some point following the accident, the site must be cleared so that the track can be put back into service. Transfer of cargo and repair of equipment and track may still be required.
Jeanne MagerStellman. Encyclopaedia of Occupational Health and Safety.
Exercise 2. Define the topic and the main idea of thepassage. Render it in English.
W e b P r o j e c t
Mitigating the risks associated with hazardous materials may require the application of safety precautions during their transport, use, storage and disposal. Most countries regulate hazardous materials by law, and they are subject to several international treaties as well. Find information about English speaking countries.
The following sites may help:
1)Transportation of Dangerous Goods Regulations from Transport Canada http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/tdg/clear-tofc-211.htm
2)Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods (Model Regulations) from United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) http://live.unece.org/trans/welcome.html
3)Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) from United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) http://live.unece.org/trans/danger/publi/ghs/ghs_welcome_e.html
4)Free Online Hazmat/Hazchem Guide from The National Chemical Emergency Centre (NCEC) U.K. http://the-ncec.com/hazchem/
5)Hazardous Materials Regulations from U.S. Department of Transportation http://phmsa.dot.gov/hazmat
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Список использованных источников
1.http://ru.wikipedia.org
2.http://www.youtube.com
3.http://content.mycareer.com.au/advice-research/resume/write-a-killer-cv.aspx
4.BBC Newshttp://www.bbc.co.uk
5.B. Solomon Railway Maintenance: The Men and Machines that Keep the Railroads Running http://books.google.ru
6.http://www.american-rails.com/electric-locomotives.html
7.http://www.whdavis.co.uk/index.php/products/rail_freight_wagons/superlow_45/
8.http://www.railwaygazette.com/news
9.http://www.europeanrailwayreview.com
10.COMAH Competent Authority Assessment and Inspection Procedure. Free version 1/April 2010
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Содержание
Предисловие ………………………………………………………………………………….3 Unit 1. Career Planning ...……………………………………………………………………..4
Unit 2. The Environmental Impacts of Transportation ………………………………………10
Unit 3. Globalisation …………………………………………………………………………16
Unit 4. History of the railway transport ……………………………………………………...22
Unit 5. The railway track …………………………………………………………………….32 Unit 6. Motive power ………………………………………………………………………...39 Unit 7. Goods wagons ……...………………………………………………………………..47 Unit 8. Carriages ……………………………………………………………………………..50
Unit 9. Stations ……………...……………………………………………………….............54
Unit 10. Signalling …………………………………………………………………………...59
Unit 11. Safety requirements in maintenance documentation ……………………………….64 Unit 12. Carriage of dangerous goods ……………………………………………………….70
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Учебное издание
Волегжанина Ирина Сергеевна Палагина Ольга Александровна Чусовлянова Светлана Викторовна
ENGLISH FOR TRANSPORTATION TECHNOLOGY
Practice File
ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ ТРАНСПОРТНЫХ ПРОЦЕССОВ
Практикум для самостоятельной работы по английскому языку
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Изд. лиц. ЛР № 021277 от 06.04.98 Подписано в печать 30.06.2014
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