Министерство образования Российской Федерации Хабаровская государственная академия экономики и права Кафедра делового английского языка

АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК

Учебное пособие по грамматике

2 часть

Хабаровск 2000

ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ

Данное учебное пособие представляет собой сборник грамматических упражнений, направленных на активизацию грамматического материала, подлежащего усвоению на втором курсе специальностей «МЭ», «МКД», «УАВД», «ММ», «ММА», «ЭУПТ».

Всборник включены следующие грамматические темы:

-условные предложения всех типов;

-сослагательное наклонение;

-неличные формы глаголов (инфинитив, герундий, причастие).

Сборник включает как теоретический материал, так и упражнения,

направленные на активизацию грамматического материала.

Теоретический материал, включенный в сборник, представлен компактно, в схемах. Грамматические упражнения разнообразны по характеру, что помогает преподавателю выбрать те, которые соответствуют задачам урока и языковому уровню группы.

Эти упражнения служат целям развития и закрепления коммуникативных навыков.

Данное пособие является дополнительным материалом к курсу “Mosaic”. Его использование в учебном процессе поможет преподавателю ликвидировать проблемы в знаниях грамматического материала у студентов и улучшить их коммуникативные навыки.

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

SUMMARY OF BASIC VERB FORM USAGE

IN CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

TRUE IN THE PRESENT OR FUTURE

Exercise 1. Put the verbs into the correct tenses.

1.If I see him I (give) him a lift. 2. If I find your passport I (telephone) you at once. 3. Someone (steal) your car if you leave it unlocked. 4. What will happen if my parachute (not open)? 5. If he (wash) my car I’ll give him $10. 6. If she (need) a radio she can borrow mine. 7. If you (not go) away I’ll send for the police. 8. If he (be) late we’ll go without him. 9. She will be absolutely furious if she (hear) about this. 10. If we leave the car here it (not be) in anybody’s way. 11. Unless he (sell) more he won’t get much commission. 12. If he (work) hard today can he have a holiday tomorrow? 13. If the house (burn) down we can claim compensation. 14. Unless you are more careful you (have) an accident.

Exercise 2. Put the verbs in brackets into correct form.

1.I’ll look for your notebook and if I (find) it I (give) you a ring.

2.If you (see) Tom tell him I have a message for him.

3.If he (win) he (get) $1,000; if he (come) the second he (get) $500.

4.If you (feel) too hot during the night turn down the central heating.

5.Tom: Jack is a translator; he translates 1,000 words a day and gets $100 a week, which he says isn’t enough to live on.

Bill: Well, if he (want) more money he (have) to do more work.

6.Jack (in canoe): Watch me! I’m going to stand up!

Tom (on the bank): He’s an idiot! If he (stand) up in the canoe it (capsize).

7.If you’d like some ice I (get) some from the fridge.

8.He’s only sixteen but he wants to leave school at the end of the term. ~ If he (leave) now he (be) sorry afterwards.

9.That book is overdue. If you (not take) it back to the library tomorrow you (have) to pay a fine.

10.Unless Tom (take) his library book back tomorrow he (have) to pay a fine.

Exercise 3. Rewrite the sentences using if.

1.Give him a little encouragement and he’ll work really hard.

2.Take a pill and you won’t be seasick. 3. Remember your wife’s birthday or she’ll be upset. 4. Send her some roses and she’ll forgive you. 5. Put on some suntan oil or you’ll get sunburnt. 6. Tell me the truth at once or I’ll never trust you again. 7. Just say you are sorry and we can forget the whole incident. 8. Be firm with the children or they’ll misbehave. 9. Practice speaking English regularly or you’ll never become really fluent.

Exercise 4. Translate the sentences.

1.Если он узнает ее адрес, он напишет ей.

2.Если он завтра приедет, мы зайдем к вам вместе.

3.Если вы будете внимательнее, вы не будете делать таких ошибок.

4.Если я заставлю его ждать, я извинюсь.

5.Если ты испортишь его рисунок, он рассердится на тебя.

6.Если вы договоритесь встретиться в воскресенье, я тоже приду.

7.Если вы не напомните Джорджу, чтобы он позвонил, он не сделает этого.

8.Если у него достаточно денег, почему ему не купить телевизор?

9.Если вы правы, я , вероятно, не прав.

5.Я боюсь, ты не сможешь успеть на поезд, если ты не поедешь прямо сейчас.

6.Она принесет вам другую книгу, если эта вам не понравится.

7.Если Ричард поможет нам, мы закончим работу через полчаса.

8.Если погода будет благоприятная, ваш самолет отправится согласно расписанию.

UNTRUE (CONTRARY TO FACT) IN THE PRESENT/FUTURE

(i) If I taught this class, I wouldn’t In (i): In truth, I don’t teach this class. give test.

(j)If he were here right now, he would In (j): In truth, he is not here right now. help us.

(k) If I were you, I would accept their In (k): In truth, I am not you. invitation.

Note: Were is used for both singular and plural subjects. Was (with I, he, she, it) is sometimes used in very informal speech but is not generally considered grammatically acceptable.

Exercise 5. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form. Conditional sentences: Type 2.

1.Of course I’m not going to give her a diamond ring. If I (give) her a diamond ring she (sell) it.

2.Tom: I woke up to find the room full of smoke; but I knew exactly what to do.

Ann: If I (wake) up to find the room full of smoke I (have) no idea what to do.

3.Ann: I couldn’t live without Tom. If he (go) off with another girl I (pine) away and die. But I have complete confidence in Tom.

4.Husband: But I’m not going on a diet. Why should I go on a diet?

Wife: If you (go) on a diet you (lose) weight.

5.If we (work) all night we (finish) in time; but we have no intention of working all night.

6.If I (see) a tiger across Hyde Park I (climb) a tree. ~ That (not be) any use. The tiger (climb) after you.

7.Ann: All your clothes are years out of date. Why don’t you throw them away? Mary: Don’t be ridiculous! If I (throw) my clothes away I (have) to ask my husband for $1,000 to buy new ones.

8. Ann: If you (ask) him for $1,000 what he (say)?

9. Why don’t you buy a season ticket? ~

Because I lose everything. If I (buy) a season ticket I (lose) it.

10. Why don’t you bring your car to work? If I (have) a car I (bring) it to work.

Exercise 6. Rewrite these sentences, using an if construction.

He smokes too much; perhaps that’s why he can’t get rid of his cough.

If he didn’t smoke so much he might get rid of his cough or If he smoked less he might (be able to) get rid of his cough.

1.She is very shy; that’s why she doesn’t enjoy parties.

2.He doesn’t take any exercise; that’s why he is so unhealthy.

3.They speak French to her, not English, so her English doesn’t improve.

4.He doesn’t work overtime, so he doesn’t earn as much as I do.

5.My number isn’t in the directory so people don’t ring me up.

6.The police are not armed so we don’t have gun battles in the streets.

7.The shops don’t deliver now, which makes life difficult.

8.He’s very thin; perhaps that’s why he feels the cold so much.

9.We haven’t any matches so we can’t light a fire.

10.It’s pity we haven’t a steak to cook over our camp fire.

Exercise 7. Change the following sentences of real condition into sentences of unreal condition.

I shall take a bus if I am in a hurry.

I should take a bus if I were in a hurry.

A.1. If the storm is over, we shall have pleasant walk. 2. If it grows cold, they start heating the rooms. 3. He will let me know if he goes to Moscow. 4. Harold will be late if he walks so slowly. 5. The dog will catch the stick if it is thrown into the river.

B.1. If it snows, the streets will be cleared of snow. 2. If the weather keeps dry, we have to water the flowers. 3. We shall not see anything if the night is very dark. 4.The room will look warmer if the walls are painted yellow. 5. The dust and noise of the street will not reach us if the trees grow bigger.

Exercise 10. Answer each question. Begin with “No, but …”

Example: Do you have a dollar?

Response: No, but if I did (No, but if I had a dollar), I would lend it to you.

1.Are you rich?

2.Do you have a car?

3.Are you a bird?