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Job security, i.e. confidence, that you are unlikely to lose your job, can be of prime importance for many people. Small and big businesses, joint ventures, commercial banks and investment companies can provide many sad examples of how people who used to be highly paid and saw themselves at the top of their professions became redundant, and their companies went bankrupt, downsized or closed down.

Results of research show that highly satisfied worker have better mental and physical health, learn new job-related tasks more quickly and feel good at work. Consequently, they are more ready to be cooperative and responsive to coworkers and customers. On the negative side, people whose job gives them no satisfaction tend to feel nervous, tense, worried and distressed. They suffer from low self-esteem, and may develop inferiority complex or different phobias.

Tasks to perform

1. Give English equivalents of the words and word partnerships used in the text.

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неполноценности; страхи.

2. Give English words and word partnerships used in the text for the following

people or things pressed so close together that movement is difficult or impossible; advice or criticism about how well you are doing your job and what you can do to

the mind in which someone believes himself to be much less important, clever, etc.

3. Give definitions to the following words or word partnerships.

4.Comment on the sentences given below using some of the Business Vocabulary you have studied. Express your agreement or disagreement. Give your own

reasons.

1.A good job means different things to different people (job satisfaction, job security, high salary, etc)

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2.Boring is a “boo” word for many people who want to enrich their minds and learn.

3.Promotion opportunities may be high on the priority list for many people.

4.In Russia with its highly personalized touch in human relations it is extremely important to have a boss who communicates with the workers on a personal as well as the professional level.

5.People whose job gives them no satisfaction suffer from low esteem; develop inferiority complex or different phobias.

6.Some people would just like to do nothing and get paid. (What kind of people, Why, etc.)

7.Job satisfaction does not depend on the job alone but on the jobholders as well.

8.In all countries there are people who would prefer status, the reputation of the

company they work for or moral satisfaction over the pay.

10.Many graduates of Russian universities view multinational companies as a dream job market.

5.Translate the following sentences from Russian into English.

1.Мы должны обладать знаниями и определёнными навыками, чтобы выполнять свою работу хорошо.

2.Работа каждого из нас должна содействовать улучшению нашей жизни.

3.Трудности и проблемы, с которыми мы сталкиваемся в нашей работе, способствуют нашему профессиональному росту и повышению квалификации.

4.Постоянная учёба, совершенствование своих знаний обогащает ум.

5.Многие люди очень щепетильны относительно статуса своей работы и того, насколько их работа является ценной для общества, в котором они живут.

6.Сокращение штата ожидается в следующем году.

7.Мы все заинтересованы в получении таких дополнительных льгот, как медицинская страховка, дополнительные выплаты в конце финансового года, бесплатные пролёты к месту отдыха, субсидии на воспитание детей.

8.Я считаю, что я ещё не достигла своего служебного потолка (reach one’s ceiling) в своей карьере, и надеюсь на повышение в следующем году.

9.В списке его приоритетов, возможности карьерного роста занимают верхнюю позицию.

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10.То, что руководитель заинтересован в результатах моей работы и всегда готов дать мне совет или высказать критическое замечание повышает моё удовлетворение от работы и влияет на её качество.

12.Многие люди преданы своим организациям потому, что они любят и уважают людей, с которыми они работают.

13.Материальные стимулы, несмотря на всё их значение, не всегда являются основными мотивирующими факторами. Есть люди, которые предпочитают статус и репутацию компании, моральное удовлетворение от работы высокой оплате за труд.

14.Часто люди, которые живут далеко от работы, страдают от бесконечных поездок из дома на работу и обратно.

15.Люди, удовлетворённые своей работой, обладают лучшим умственным и физическим здоровьем, быстрее овладевают смежными специальностями, более готовы к сотрудничеству и взаимопомощи.

16.И наоборот, люди, которым работа не доставляет удовольствия, склонны нервничать, беспокоиться, страдать от низкой оценки их труда, и соответственно от низкой самооценки. В свою очередь, это может привести к развитию комплекса неполноценности и различного рода страхам.

5.Establish contacts with former graduates who work in different fields of business. Identify the degree of their job satisfaction, assess the technical

(professional) skills with which the University / Academy provided them for the job they hold, specify the personality traits which help them to perform the job they hold.

Present a summary of a survey on job satisfaction with conclusions and assessments of each career path in terms of satisfaction.

Part 3

Leadership and Management Styles

Read the text and perform the tasks below the text.

Can leadership be taught?

Traditionally, the model for leadership in business has been the army. Managers and army officers give orders and their subordinates – people working

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under them – carry them out in a system of command and control. Managers can be sent on leadership courses to develop their leadership skills. But the most important thing is that managers must have a basic talent for leadership to benefit from this. Some people say that the only real leaders are born leaders.

Leaders are people who direct or control a team, organization or the whole country. Therefore leadership should be understood as the position of being the leader of a team, organization or a country. Besides leadership means the qualities needed in order to be a good leader.

What makes a great leader?

The greatest leaders have charisma – an attractive quality that makes other people admire them and want to follow them. A charismatic leader like this may be described as a visionary leader - having the power to see clearly how things are going to develop in the future. People say about such people: “He has vision”. Leaders are often described as having the following: drive – planned effort to achieve something; dynamism – a lot of ideas and enthusiasm; and energy – the power to be physically and mentally active.

How have management styles changed in the last few years?

Before managers were distant and remote – not easy to get to know or communicate with. But now managers are more accessible and approachable – easy to meet and to talk to. This is a completely different management style. They want to involve employees in a process of consultation – getting everyone to participate in making decisions that will affect them. This is management by consensus – a situation where most people agree with the decisions taken. The old style was to impose decisions in a top-down approach – forcing people to accept ideas that they did not agree with. Moreover, there are more women managers now. Women are more consensual – more able to build consensus than traditional authoritarian male managers.

What is empowerment?

Empowerment means encouraging employees to use their own initiative to take decisions on their own without asking managers first. Decision-making becomes more decentralized and less bureaucratic – less dependent on managers and management systems.

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Leadership skills are also related to the ability to delegate – to give other people responsibility for work rather than doing it all themselves. Of course, with empowerment and delegation, the problem is keeping control of your operations, one of the key issues of modern management style.

Tasks to perform

1. Translate the following words and word partnerships into English.

2. Which expressions from the text relate to the underlined words in the exercise?

1.These qualities enabled Margaret Thatcher to work incredibly long hours and survive on three hours’ sleep per night.

2.Tim Berners Lee had it, and foresaw a time when computers all over the world would communicate with each other.

3.These people often just have to obey instructions and do what they are told.

4.Many people think these can not be learned – either you have them or you don’t.

5.This system does not require individuals to think for themselves.

3. Find the words in the text meaning the following:

-What managers do, with or without talking to employees

-The power to see how thing are going to develop in the future

-A forceful active quality of mind that gets things done

-The strong personal charm or power that attracts people and makes them admire a person

-Leading without consultation

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-Not easy to talk to

-To allow employees to decide things for themselves

-An organization where there are a lot of rules and procedures is…

-If you decide without asking a manager, you use …

-The adjective relating to “consensus” is …

-If decisions are not arrived at by consensus, they are …. from above.

-If managers ask employees to take on responsibility, they …..

-If all the decisions are not made in a company’s head office, the firm is ….

4. Translate the following sentences into English.

1.Он относится к авторитарному типу руководителей, которые предпочитают отдавать приказания и ожидают их немедленного исполнения от своих подчинённых.

2.Его подход к руководству людьми демократичен – он ожидает от своих подчинённых принятия собственных решений и проявления инициативы в их достижении.

3.Подход нашего руководства к управлению компанией крайне бюрократичен – все решения принимаются наверху, а люди вынуждены принимать эти решения, даже если они не согласны с ними.

4.Наш руководитель старается привлечь каждого работника к участию в принятии решений, которые могут оказать влияние на будущее нашего бизнеса. Такое управление называется управление на основе консенсуса.

5.Динамизм, энергия, движущая сила, харизма (или магнетизм), умение видеть будущее – вот главные качества лидера.

6.Одни люди считают, что лидерские умения можно развить, другие люди уверены, что только врождённые лидеры являются настоящими лидерами.

7.Наделение людей полномочиями, передача им права ответственности за свою работу – современный стиль руководства.

5. Who is the most charismatic leader in the world today? Think of the leader you respect most. Speak about him or her.

What kind of management style is typical to him or her? Why is he or she an effective leader?