Учебное пособие 800338
.pdfсвоем гамбургском филиале 120 сотрудников, Westcom plc также поддерживает тесные связи Deutsche Information System (DIS AG).
Общественная (публичная) компания с ограниченной ответственностью (соответствующая английская аббревиатура plc) – это компания, акции и ценные бумаги которой предлагаются широкой публике и котируются на Лондонской фондовой бирже. Ее акционерный капитал, зафиксированный в уставе
компании, должен составить не менее 50 тыс. ф. ст., из которых по крайней мере 25 % должны быть оплачены (американское соответствие Public Corporation).
Задание 11. Найдите ответы на следующие вопросы в текстах 1 и 2. Answer the questions.
1.Who are the owners of a corporation?
2.Is a corporation larger than a sole proprietorship?
3.What are the advantages of the corporate form of ownership?
4.What can you say about the disadvantages of the corporation?
5.What is the difference between preferred and common stock?
6.Whom can the shareholders sell their stock to?
7.The business corporation generally issues stock. What types of corporation usually do not issue stock?
8.What types of corporations do you know?
Задание 12. Обсудите проблемы с партнером. Discuss with your partner:
1.What world – known corporations do you know?
2.What legal procedure do you have to follow if you want to form a corporation?
3.Who is the final authority in the management of a corporation?
4.How often do the stockholders hold the meeting?
5.The stockholders have unlimited liability, don’t they?
6.In what corporation would you invest money?
UNIT 5
GENERALIZATION
Задание 13. После того как Вы изучили основные формы собственности, Вы сможете выполнить задание. Все слова в задании связаны с различными формами собственности. Выберите нужное слово, затем проверьте себя.
1.The money shareholders invest into a company to buy property and equipment.
2.One of the owners of a partnership.
3.Usually people carry on a business to gain it.
4.One of the forms of owning business.
5.These kinds of corporation are usually nonprofit.
6.To put money into a business or a bank account so that it will make a profit.
7.The sole (only) owner of business.
8.Something belonging to a person or a business which can be sold.
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9.A partner who is known to the public, but without authority in management.
10.One of the owners of a corporation.
11.Your legal duty to other people.
12.If a sole proprietor or a partnership fails, the owners will go … - holders
13.You can only buy and sell shares in a … limited company if the other shareholders agree.
14.The part of business.
15.A person you owe money to.
16.The shares in a … limited company can be bought and sold freely.
17.Another name for a business.
18.Income of a shareholder.
19.A partner which is not known to the public.
20.Money you owe to another person.
21.Shares in a public limited company may be bought and sold at a… ex-
change.
A.silent; b. to invest; c. capital; d. partnership; e. liability; f. debt; g. partner; h. asset; i. charitable; j. firm; k. profit; l. share; m. dividend; n. proprietor; o. bankrupt; q. creditor; p. stock; r. secret; s. public; t. share; u. private.
Answers: 1-c, 2-g, 3-k, 4-d, 5-i, 6-b, 7-n, 8-h, 9-a, 10-l, 11-e, 12-o, 13-u, 14-t, 15-q, 16-s, 17-j, 18-m, 19-r, 20-f, 21-u.
UNIT 6
Problem
Задание 14. Обсудите проблему, используя фразы. Discuss the problem,
use:
I’m probably going to….. It’s rather unlikely that…. I might…
………could……….
………is definitely going to… There’s no chance of …..
Problem
John Winton is chairman of Eagle plc, an engineering firm based in Birmingham, England. Eagle makes products for the car and aircraft industries, as well as military equipment for foreign governments. At present, it is negotiating with a Middle East country to supply components for a new weapons system. If it wins the contract, the company will have full order books for the next five years.
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The Americanbased IIC group intends to take over Eagle. IIC has huge cash reserves, which it uses to snap up smaller companies. In recent years, it has acquired a number of firms in different areas of business. ‘We have a finger in every pie’, Frank Smith told Winton at their meeting.
The voting shares of Eagle are distributed among shareholders as follows:
Shareholder Shareholding Notes
IIC 10 %. The holding was acquired by IIC’s stockbrokers a month a ago at the price of 130 pence
Investment agency 8 %. The agency acts for a South American A government two insurance companies 7 %
Eagle’s directors 2 %
Other shareholders 73 %. These are all small private shareholders.
Eagle would be a good acquisition for IIC. Its present share price – 140 pence – is low and does not reflect the true value of the company. Eagle’s profit record during the last three years has been poor. Lost contracts, heavy expenditure on research to develop new products, and rising operating costs have been the cause of this.
IIC are not only attracted by the low share price. They also know that Eagle has valuable assets: an impressive office block in the center of Birmingham; three modern factories; a large piece of land outside Birmingham, suitable for building on. All these assets were entered into the accounts years ago, and have not been revalued.
Winton’s meeting with Smith had been friendly until he had mentioned that Eagle’s board would probably advise shareholders to hold on to their shares.
If you do that, we shall increase our offer to 220 pence a share. They’ll certainly sell at that price,’ Smith had said. ‘Possibly’, Winton had replied.
Задание 15. Напишите реферат о формах бизнеса, используя выделенные Вами ключевые предложения и следующие выражения:
1.I`d like to draw your attention to …of business entity.
2.As it is known there are…in the USA
3.It is quite obvious that it is possible to start business with… money.
4.Talking about sole proprietorship it should be said that it accounts for…. 5. Partnerships have…than sole proprietorship.
6.Joint ventures are…if you can perform your task alone.
7.Corporations are…of business entity.
8.It should be noted that all forms of business entity…
9.To draw a line I want to say that…are important in our life.
10.As for me I’d like to…
Задание 16. Прочитайте и переведите главу «Когда лучше всего начать свое дело? » из книги «Start up» американского предпринимателя В. Столзе.
Дайте и обоснуйте ответ на поставленный в заглавии статьи вопрос. Read and translate the chapter from the book « Start up» by W. J. Stolze.
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When is the Right Time to Start a Business?
When RF Communications was about three years old I spoke to a local business group describing our early experiences. By then we had reached over $1 million in sales and had achieved a good level of profits. The start-up days were behind us. It seemed almost certain that we would survive and, in all likelihood, continue to do well.
At the end of the presentation someone in the audience raised his hand. His comment was, ‘Boy, you guys were really lucky, you started your business at just the right time.’ I had never thought about the question before and had to stop a few moments before answering. My response was, ‘Boy, when we started our business it sure did not feel like the right time.’
Three of the founders had quit their jobs, we had not raised any outside capital, we had invested all of our meager savings and personal borrowings in the company, we were operating out of a vacant beauty parlor, we had only a half-finished product and we had no orders.
Were we really lucky? Did we really start the business at the right time? Who knows?
In retrospect I now believe it is either always the right time to start a business or never the right time. If you need an acceptable reason to put the decision off forever, ‘It’s a bad time.’ is as good a reason as any.
The company that I always considered as a role model early in my professional career was Hewlett-Packard. That company was started in a garage by two Stanford University graduate students in 1939 in the middle of the Great Depression. If there was ever a wrong time in the history of the world to start a company I would say that David Packard and William Hewlett did very well in finding it.
I do not suggest for a minute that you should rush out and quit your job before you are ready. Carefully evaluate the market opportunity, get as far along as you can in developing your product or service, prepare a good business plan, arrange for the capital you think you need and then get on with it.
If all the pieces do not fit, perhaps it may be prudent to go back over the planning process. Perhaps you should delay if you decide it is necessary to reevaluate your fundamental strategy so as to match changes in the economic conditions or the availability of capital. Consider as best you can the circumstances and difficulties you are likely to face.
Remember most of all, though, that it is always difficult to start a company. It is never easy. The issue is not whether it is the right time or the wrong time. The issue is that you must adjust your strategy and your plan for the business so that they match the times. And, when you look at others who built successful businesses, do not think that those entrepreneurs were fortunate enough to have found an easy road.
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In all probability they were just as scared and just as apprehensive as you, regardless of the times.
UNIT 7
BUSINESS PLAN
В разделе изучается написание бизнес-плана. Study section describing a business plan.
Задание 1. Прочитайте и догадайтесь о значении слов. Guess the meaning of the words.
Business plan, benefit, purpose, road map, project, key person, key group, outline of the material, tax, tax base, contract, manage, manager, formula.
Задание 2. Прочитайте и подберите к словам первой части их соответствия из второй, постарайтесь запомнить слова. Match the English and Russian words.
A.1. venture
2.manage
3.convince
4.options
5.viable business
6.intend for raising capital
7.going concern
8.principal
9.. collateral
10.tax base
11.secure the loan
12.merchandising
13.letter of intent
14.lease contract
15.deteriorating
16.license (s)
17.permits
18.managerial abilities
19.insurance coverage
20.extend your own credit
21.funds statement
22.accept major credit cards
23.balance sheet
24.break-even analysis
25.income statement
26.lease
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В. A – выбор, право замены, опцион; b – убеждать; c – основная сумма, капитал, доверительтель; d – коммерческое предприятие (рискованное); e - обеспечение, залог; f - управлять, руководить; g – предоставить обеспечение по ссуде; h - направленный на поднятие капитала; I - жизнеспособный; j - налоговая база; k - сбыт, торговля, коммерческое планирование производства; l - функционирующее предприятие; m - контракт об аренде; n - письмо о намерениях; o – ухудшение, порча; p - лицензия, официальное разрешение; q – письменное разрешение, пропуск; r - управленческие способности; s - область страхования; t - отчет о фондах, баланс (ам.); u – принимать основные кредитные карточки; v - пролонгировать кредит; w – износ, порча; x – основной; y - баланс, балансовый отчет; z. анализ безубыточности; 25 – ведомость о доходах; 26 – аренда.
Проверьте себя по ключу: 1-d; 2-f; 3-b; 4-a; 5-h; 6-k;7-c; 8-g; 9-I; 10-g; 11-j;12- m;13-o; 14-n; 15-o;16-p; 17-q; 18-r; 19-u; 20-v; 21-t, 22-u; 23-y; 24-z;25—25;26—26.
Задание 2. Прочитайте и переведите тексты «Инструкции к бизнес-плану», «Конспект бизнесплана». Read and translate the texts «Business Plan Guidelines», «Business Plan Outline».
Business Plan Guidelines
Инструкции к бизнес-плану
Every business venture can benefit from the preparation of a carefully written business plan. The purpose of the business plan is to:
1.Help you think through the venture and ensure that you have considered all your options and anticipated any potential difficultiesin other words: (1) as a road map for managing your business, or 2) as a sales document for raising capital).
2.Convince potential lenders and investors that you are in control of the project and that their money will be safe with you.
3.Serve as an operating guide as you turn your ideas into a viable business.
4.Obviously, a business plan intended for raising capital must be on paper.
5.It should be noted that planning for an enterprise must be the effort of the key person or a small key group if it is to make any sense at all.
6.Successful businessmen advise to keep one’s business plan simple.
Задание 3. В тексте « Business plan guidelines» найдите английские соответствия русским словам: Поможет вам обдумать ваш выбор, явится дорожной картой для управления вашим бизнесом и документом для увеличения вашего капитала. Убедит потенциальных инвесторов, что вы контролируете проект и их деньги будут в безопасности под вашим руководством. Следует заметить, что планирование деятельности предприятия должно находиться под управлением одного главного руководителя или небольшой группы единомышленников.
Задание 4. Прочитайте информацию, которую рекомендуется включить в
бизнесплан. Окончательный вариант должен соответствовать положению дел,
вашей личности и вашему бизнесу. The following pages provide a suggested outline
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of the material that should be included in your business plan. The final product should be tailored to fit the circumstances and personality of you and your business.
Business Plan Outline
Конспект бизнес-плана
1.Cover (Обложка): Name, address, and phone number of business. Give your plan a businesslike appearance by typing it on high quality paper and putting it in a vinyl or cardstock binder or a three-ring notebook.
2.Title Page (Титульный лист): Repeat the business name, address, and phone number, and add the names and addresses of the principal owners. Also show the date of issue of the plan and type «copy number _____» so you can number and control the copies.
3.Executive Summary (Исполнительное резюме) а brief (one-page) statement of the business plan objectives. Address the following questions and add additional information that will help you achieve your goals. (You may choose to write this page last.)
A. What is the purpose of this plan? Will it be used as:
• an operating guide?
• a financing proposal?
B. What business structure have you chosen (i. e., sole proprietorship, partnership, corporation, S corporation)?
C. Who are the principals and what are their proportions of ownership? D. Why will the venture be successful?
For a financing proposal:
E. Who is requesting the funds and how much is needed? F. What will the money be needed for?
G. How will the funds be repaid?
H. What collateral will be offered to secure the loan? I. Why does a loan or an investment make sense?
• impact on local economy
• job creation
• increased tax base
• investment in the future of the community
4.Table of Contents (Оглавление): A single page showing major topics and page references.
5.Description of the Business (Описание бизнеса): Answer as many of the following questions as are appropriate:
A. What business are you in?
• type of business: primarily merchandising, manufacturing, or service?
• what is the nature of the product (s) or service (s)?
• what will be special about your business?
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B.What market do you intend to serve? What is the total market, and what is your expected share?
C.How can you serve the market better than you r competition?
D.Present status of the business: start-up, expansion of a going concern, or takeover of an existing business?
E.If you will be doing any contract work, what are the terms? Reference any firm contracts and include them as supporting documents.
F.Do you have letters of intent from prospective suppliers?
For an existing business:
G.What is the history of the business?
H.Why does the owner wish to sell at this time?
I.If the business is going downhill, why? How can you turn it around?
J.How will your management make the business more profitable?
K.What changes do you plan to make in the business?
L.What is the purchase price formula? Give breakdown for building, improvements, equipment, inventory, and goodwill.
Note (Примечание): If yours will be a seasonal business, make sure the seasonality is reflected in your narrative and financial projections with appropriate footnotes.
6. Business Location (Местонахождение):
A.What is your business address and why did you choose that location?
B.Will the building be leased or owned?
C.What are the terms and length of the lease contract?
D.What renovations will be needed and at what cost?
E.Describe the neighborhood (e. g., stable, changing, improving, deteriorating).
F.What other kinds of businesses are in the neighborhood?
G.How much can your business expand before you will be forced to move or add on to the present building?
7. Licenses and Permits (Лицензии и разрешения):
A.Is your business name registered with the secretary of state?
B.State how you will be affected by local zoning regulations.
C.What other licenses or permits will you be required to obtain?
8. Management (Управление)
A.What is your business and management experience? .
B.What education have you had, including both formal and informal courses, that contributes to your managerial abilities?
C.Are you physically suited to the job?
D.Do you have direct operational and /or managerial experience in this type of
business?
E.Describe your organizational structure and include a brief description of who does what. (Include an organizational chart if necessary.)
F.List proposed salaries and wages.
G.What other management resources will be available (accountant, lawyer,
SBDC)?
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9. Personnel (Персонал, кадры): Write a paragraph or two about your personnel needs.
A. What are your anticipated personnel needs? B. What skills must your employees have?
C. Can you use part-time help to meet changing business volume? D. Will you have to train people, and at what cost?
10.Insurance (Страхование): Describe your potential business risks and tell what insurance coverage you will purchase to protect yourself.
11.The Market (Рынок): Generally explain who needs your product or service and how you plan to reach them.
A. What is the present size and growth potential of the market?
B. What percent of the market will you have now and in the future?
C. Describe age, sex, occupation, lifestyle, income, etc., of your various market segments.
D. How will you attract and keep your segment of this market?
• product quality
• price
• place
• promotion
• persuasion-personal selling
E. What features or services will you offer that will justify your price? F. How will you handle credit sales?
• extend your own credit
• accept major credit cards
12.Competition (Конкуренция): Briefly describe your competition and tell how their operations are similar and dissimilar to yours. What is your unique selling proposition and how will you use it to control your market share?
13.Financial Data (Финансовые данные):
A.Source and application of funds statement.
B.Capital equipment list.
C.Current balance sheet and income statement (less than 90 days old).
D.Break-even analysis.
E.Projected income statement
•detail by month, first year
•detail by quarter, second year
•notes of explanation and assumptions F. Cash flow projections
•detail by month, first year
•detail by quarter, second year
•notes of explanation and assumptions G. Projected balance sheet
•notes of explanation and assumptions H. For an existing business
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•income statements
•balance sheets and/or
•tax returns for past three years
14. Supporting Documents (Подтверждающие документы):
A.Personal resumes for all principals.
B.Personal financial statements for all principals.
C.Letters of reference.
D.Letters of intent from prospective suppliers or customers.
E.Copies of all leases, contracts, or agreements, deeds, or other legal documents.
F.Any other information that might help your cause or answer potential questions.
Задание 5. Переведите с помощью русско-английского экономического словаря и знаний, полученных при чтении текста Business Plan Guidelines, ин-
формацию. Read and translate the information.
Бизнес-план, как правило, содержит следующие разделы:
·информация о бизнесе (название, тип предприятия - общество с ограниченной ответственностью, акционерное общество, пр.);
·данные о предпринимателе (опыт работы в соответствующей области);
·наличие персонала (количество работников, описание должностных обязанностей);
·описание продукции или услуг;
·информация о рынке (покупатели, рынок растущий, статичный или сокращающийся, наличие конкурентов, преимущества перед другими предпринимателями);
·особенности маркетинговых исследований и рекламной кампании;
·информация о служебных помещениях, оборудовании и средствах производства (где предполагается разместить бизнес и почему, какой площади требуется помещение, какое оборудование и средства нужны);
·цели, которые стоят перед бизнесом.
Задание 6. Прочитайте и переведите бизнес-план компании «Сантехстрой», занимающейся строительством, монтажными работами внутри домов и дизайном.
BUSINESS PLAN
Details of the business
Santechstroy. The construction business for fitting water supply and sewerage systems into cottages will be registered as a limited company with 3 shareholders.
Personal details
I have graduated from State University of Architecture and Construction Engineering and worked as an engineer in construction enterprises for the last five years where I was involved in supervising sanitary equipment.
Personnel
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