Учебное пособие 1860

Scientific Journal “Modern Linguistic and Methodical-and-Didactic Researches” Issue 1 (20), 2018 ISSN 2587-8093

7)for formation of skills and abilities the methodology provides a large number of articulatory and lexical exercises, exercises for the development of imitative abilities, which in a game form will allow you to quickly master the intonation, melody and rhythm of a foreign language, and also English speaking speech. Great attention is paid to learning English as a language of dramatic art.

8)The novelty of the methodology is also a new way of learning vocabulary of English, which is known, in particular, through the scenic images of the characters of English plays, fairy tales and legends, heroes of art works, through familiarity with the texts of folk and modern English songs, poems, as well as with dance traditions.

So, an innovative methodological project Student language theater in which students can try themselves as actors performing in theatrical roles in a foreign language (English and German) is 10 years old. Classes in the student language theater allow the students of the department, including students who study at the "TFPC" program, to improve the level of knowledge of a foreign language, to demonstrate their creative abilities in the theatrical art on the basis of the original innovative practice of studying foreign languages.

The result of the large and interesting creative work of students studying in the "Foreign language through Art" method within the framework of the Student Language Theaters (English and German) is the performances in English and German prepared by the students in close collaboration with the tutors of the department. Performances in foreign languages are based on the works of outstanding English or German writers and playwrights. Let's name only some of them:

 2011: The Story of Romeo and Juliet – the play is based on the play of the great English playwright William Shakespeare;

 2012: The Key of the Kingdom – a performance dedicated to English poetry, literary and folk tales;

 2014: Pygmalion – musical performance based on a play by British playwright B. Shaw (2014);

 2015: Dedication – jubilee performance of the English theater-studio;

 2016: The Taming of the Shrew – musical performance dedicated to the memory of the great English playwright William Shakespeare;

 2016: The Gift of the Magi - a good performance dedicated to a wonderful Christmas holiday, based on the story of the remarkable American writer O. Henry "The Gifts of the Magi" and others.

In the near future (2018) Student Theater will perform an English comedy-farce "Aunt Charlemy" (Charley's Aunt) by an English playwright Brandon Thomas.

Within the framework of the German Student Theater, a number of shows in German were also staged (play by novel Ernst Hoffmann "The Golden Pot" (2014), performance on the fabulous story of Otfried Proysler "Little Sorceress" (2015). On December 21st, 2017, the German student theater on the eve of Christmas presented a festive concert with impressive performances in German. It is important to note that in theatrical productions, students with French are actively involved.

The "Foreign language through art" methodology provides ample opportunities for realizing intellectual and creative potential, for choosing activities in the context of preparing performances for interests in a foreign language. Students are defined by their actors, entertainers, soloists, ballet dancers, musicians, costume designers, sound co-operators, decorators and many others, etc. In projects of this kind, future engineers-translators demonstrate a high level of proficiency in English or German, aspiration to speak and perform roles in a foreign language.

As our practical experience with students shows, the basic principle of working in language studios, which can be classified as a method gaming, is methodically effective and effective: the performance is significantly increased, the motivation for learning a foreign language and culture is strengthened, and the interest in the future profession is stimulated.

84

Scientific Journal “Modern Linguistic and Methodical-and-Didactic Researches” Issue 1 (20), 2018 ISSN 2587-8093

In the educational process at the department "TFPC" the experience of teaching foreign languages is widely introduced abroad and in our country, in particular, innovative results of master classes, professional-oriented seminars, scientific-practical conferences and refresher courses are applied. This allows the teachers of the department to improve the quality of teaching a foreign language annually in a technical university.

In addition, foreign tutors who work as teachers in Russian universities, for example, through the DAAD (German Academic Exchange Service), etc. are invited to practice.

3.3. C e n t e r o f F o r e i g n L a n g u a g e s

A significant contribution to the successful development of the TFPC program from the perspective of modern methodology is made by C e n t e r o f F o r e i g n L a n g u a g e s , which annually (since 2003) offers intensive courses on the four popular European languages: English, German, French and Spanish. Taking into account the specifics of our student coprus which is oriented to technical specialties from school, for the mastering of the fundamental sciences (mathematics, physics, chemistry, etc.) in the future, we can assume that these students need to strengthen and improve knowledge in the humanities sciences, including foreign languages. First of all, these are the students that are planning Training in the second additional specialty "Translator in the field of professional communication". In this context, the importance of intensive courses offered within the Center for Foreign Languages is difficult to overestimate.

Experience of Center progress has shown that the level of knowledge among its listeners for a year increases by one or two steps, for example, from the Beginner level to Intermediate, which already gives the student the opportunity to continue their language education in the "Translator" program.

4. C o m p l e t i o n o f e d u c a t i o n , e m p l o ym e n t a n d p r o s p e c t s 4 . 1 . S t a t e A t t e s t a t i o n .

Training at the additional educational program "TFPC" finishes at the end of the 8th semester with a state exam. Analysis of work of S t a t e A t t e s t a t i o n C o m m i s s i o n in the direction of "Translator in the field of professional communication" allows us to conclude that the students-translators annually demonstrate a high level of theoretical and practical training. Members of the State Examination Commission regularly note the high level of the translation competence of the student-translators and their mastery of all the necessary professional and general cultural competencies in accordance with the requirements of the State Standards. Students demonstrate a good knowledge of the basic types of translation transformations, deep knowledge of the theoretical basis of translation, skills of professionally-oriented translation, the ability to summarize the text, as well as confident knowledge in the field of linguisticculturology of the countries of the studied language.

Upon completion of the full course of studying, students receive a diploma of additional (to higher) education - professional retraining and appropriation of additional qualification "Translator in the field of professional communication," which is a state document. The diploma entitles graduates to conduct professional activities related to the additional qualifications of the translator.

Today 189 students of technical specialties of Voronezh State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering have received t w o d i p l o m a s o n h i g h e r e d u c a t i o n : first in engineering specialty and second diploma in philological trainig of a translator in the professional field.

4 . 2 . E m p l o y m e n t

85

Scientific Journal “Modern Linguistic and Methodical-and-Didactic Researches” Issue 1 (20), 2018 ISSN 2587-8093

The chair conducts a great work with graduates of the program "Translator in the field of professional communication". Analysis of demand and employment of graduates of the department demonstrate high interest of production associations, modern firms in specialists with excellent knowledge of foreign languages, as well as in graduates of basic specialties with the second state diploma "Translator in the field of professional communication".

Since in the context of broad contacts enterprises and organizations with foreign companies specialists in the labor market with knowledge of foreign languages, as well as basic skills of technical translation in the professional sphere, graduates of the program "Translator in the field of professional communication" become competitive and highly paid employees of firms and organizations, both in Voronezh and in other Russian cities (Moscow, St. Petersburg, Sochi, etc.).

Upon completion of the training, the students of the specialty "Translator in the field of professional communication" receive a sufficient amount of practical skills and theoretical knowledge enabling them to successfully carry out professional activities in the field of translation of professionally oriented texts in the specialty. This fact is confirmed by the data on the successful employment of graduates of the specialty "TFPC". So, graduates of the specialty "Translator" are successfully employed, working at large enterprises of Russia and abroad, among them: Administration of the Voronezh Region, Gazprom Engineering, Gazprom, Metal Metropolitan Company, Gazprom Teploenergo, Turbonasos, Transproekt, Rennaisance Heavy Industries, Instep LLC, Plant Neksttrade, concern Di Donato Antica Signoria and many others.

We would also like to say that even in the era of sanctions our experts are invited to participate in joint professional long-term projects, for example, our graduate-translator A. Mesyachenkov, who in 2017 received a diploma in basic specialty "Innovation", and a diploma "Translator" as the second state document, in the same year was invited to work as part of a joint project in the United States.

With great success, the principle of academic mobility has been implemented within the framework of the work of the additional specialty "TFPC". Students on the program receive all the available information on the dynamics of the development of the educational process and the course of scientific research in Europe, as well as on the possibility of training in foreign educational institutions. Many students during and after the training in the specialty "Translator" were trained in technical firms, and were students of language courses, abroad, training in which was carried out in English. For example, our students had internships in Madrid, learning in parallel English and Spanish; at the Graduate School of Economics in London (2017); repeatedly went to USA in the framework of the program "Work and Travel", etc. Our studentstranslators, whose basic specialties are related to the technical profile, were trained in Germany (TU Dresden, TU Berlin, Karlsruhe University) and many others, etc. It is clear that for this kind of experience it is necessary to have a good knowledge of a foreign language, typical for those who study at the additional state educational program "Translator in the field of professional communication", which effectively provides quality language training for students who are able to go abroad for studying stimulus in foreign educational institutions.

5 . A d v a n c e d t r a i n i n g

Being associate members of the Union of Translators of Russia (UTR), the staff of the Department of Foreign Languages of the Architectural and Construction Block of the VSTU regularly undergo advanced training in large, well-proven Trans-Cultural Centers, for example, Petersburg Bridges, and also in seminars organized by the Union of Translators of Russia. Internships and seminars are held under the leadership of leading Russian translators: Prof. I.A. Alekseeva, N.K. Garbovsky and others.

Advanced training is realized through active scientific and scientific-methodological activities. Tutors of the Program take an active part in conferences and congresses at various lev-

86

Scientific Journal “Modern Linguistic and Methodical-and-Didactic Researches” Issue 1 (20), 2018 ISSN 2587-8093

els - from university to international ones (including the USA, Switzerland, Japan, Germany, Sweden, Austria, Israel, Italy, France, etc.), where in the form of reports the results of their studies in the field of linguistics, translation studies, methods and didactics of teaching foreign languages and on other philological directions are presented.

In addition, the tutors of the department regularly publish the results of their scientific researches in scientific journals and collections of articles, including those on the List of Higher Attestation Comission, Scopus and Web of Science.

Annually teachers increase their qualification status, realizing the full range of available options in this direction: methodical seminars, professional master classes, open lectures, online trainings. All of them have a wide geography and a high scientific and methodical rating.

6 . R e v i e w s o f t h e T F P C p r o g r a m g r a d u a t e s .

We can note that the graduates of the program "Translator in the field of professional communication", based on the analysis of the results of the annual survey of graduated engineers & translators, there are favorable impressions about the process of training on the specialty of TFPC. Thus, the graduates of 2017 shared their impressions with tutors and staff of the department, leaving positive comments, three of which we present in this article:

"Thanks to the training in the "Translator" program, I learned a lot of information that is relevant to my profession, improved grammar, got knowledge in various fields and the experience of using English. Particularly useful was the experience of performing coursework on translation. I express special gratitude to the tutors for their patience, efforts, for their support and understanding" (Julia Shurinova, speciality Architecture, 4 year of the department "TFPC", graduate of 2017).

"I want to note the study of English on the basis of the experience of the tutors themselves, where they share various aspects that need to be known in the process of studying a foreign language, for example, focusing on the peculiarities of the English language in England and the United States. A very interesting way to learn English with help of watching movies in the original (Timoshinov Oleg, 4 course of the department "TFPC", main speciality Construction of bridges and tunnels, graduate of 2016).

"A very useful speciality, I like languages, and this is a very good opportunity to study them, while getting a second higher education. It's very nice that the schedule is offered at the request of the majority; it is convenient to combine two specialities. And it's great that tutors are not just professionals, they also love their work and instill this love for students. I have only positive emotions. Thank you!" (Dmitry Parshin, 4th year of the TFPC department, main speciality Urban construction and economy, graduate of 2017).

Conclusion.

Thus, the implementation of the project "Translator in the field of professional communication" is aimed primarily at humanizing education, educating specialists in a new format that will live and work in a multipolar world, in a global information society, in a context of convergence of different cultures and peoples in the context of geopolitical challenges.

The experience of the implementation of "TFPC", obtained by the department of foreign languages of the architectural and construction block of the VSTU shows that the formation of effective conditions for the educational environment in order to provide quality language training for successful and competitive professionals in the context of Russia's integration in the international educational space is quite achievable goal.

The introduction of new innovative approaches and methodologies in the field of language education in a technical university is the fundamental basis for the formation of a large

87

Scientific Journal “Modern Linguistic and Methodical-and-Didactic Researches” Issue 1 (20), 2018 ISSN 2587-8093

educational potential (intellectual reserve) for further implementation by our graduates (engineers & translators) successful professional translation. Modern technologies of teaching a foreign language used taking into account the specifics of the student corpus of a technical university, contribute to the creation of a wide range of translation skills, in particular, communicative, personal psychological, moral, cultural, social and many others. Future engineers & translators acquire fundamental knowledge in the field of translation, theoretically and practically master a foreign language, the level of knowledge of which allows them to successfully carry out professionally-oriented translation, master the disciplines of the humanities, significantly expand their scientific and cultural horizons, etc.

Teaching a foreign language on the basis of the methodology "Teaching foreign languages through art" in the format of a language student theater contributes to the formation of a secondary linguistic personality. As Herbert Spencer rightly pointed out, "The great role of education is not knowledge, but action" [17]. The acquired knowledge of a foreign language on this technique allows: 1) to work in international joint corporations, firms, concerns; 2) freely participate in public international forums (congresses, symposia, etc.), which require not only a high culture of speech, but also its beautiful, competent and convincing sound, i.e. knowledge of the basics of rhetoric and oratorical skill; 3) get acquainted with scientific, artistic and professional literature in a foreign language; 4) write, translate, and publish works in a foreign language; 5) be free to navigate in the current vast information flow; 6) have the ability to work in a creative tandem; 7) to occupy the position of a leader, to be an interesting creative person for himself and others, and many others.

In addition to practical knowledge, graduates of the "TFPC" Program also form a general education complex of skills based on knowledge of foreign languages, which helps to raise the level of general culture and erudition (through a foreign language, acquaintance with other cultures, national traditions of different peoples, foreign artistic and scientific literature, etc.), forms a culture of thinking, communication and speech.

The continuing interest of students in the technical profile of the Voronezh State Technical University at the educational program "Translator in the field of professional communication" is confirmed by an annual successful recruitment of sudents for this specialization and its excellent completion.

Speaking about globalization, which embraced all spheres of existential human space of the 21st century, some researchers come to the conclusion that globalization itself is predetermined not only by the emergence of new high information and computer technologies that united and brought people closer together in different parts of the world (according to V.I. Vernadsky), but also the the activities of translators, which ab ovo (from the very beginning) provided and provide now access to the knowledge world, uniting all civilizations and cultures. In this sense, the following statement by V.S. Vinogradov: "The trend towards globalization, which is observed at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries, is prepared by the activity of translators, and globalization itself is possible only under condition of well-organized translation process" [9].

It will be a pleasant fact for us if our experience proves to be useful for our Russian and foreign colleagues.

References

[1]Putin V.V.: 23 nojabrja 2016. [Jelektronnyj resurs]. – URL: http:// kremlin.ru/events/president/news/53313) (vremja obrashhenija – 31.01.2018).

[2]RIA Novosti - Rossija segodnja. [Jelektronnyj resurs]. – URL: http: // crimea .ria. ru /society /2 015121 7/11 021651 25.html. (vremja obrashhenija – 27.01.2018).

[3]Sem' svobodnyh iskusstv — Vikipedija. [Jelektronnyj resurs]. – URL: https: //ru. wikipedia. org/wiki / Sem' _ svobodnyh _iskusstv. (vremja obrashhenija – 30.01.2018).

88

Scientific Journal “Modern Linguistic and Methodical-and-Didactic Researches” Issue 1 (20), 2018 ISSN 2587-8093

[4]Fomina Z.E., Lavrinenko I.Ju. Kognitivnye strategii kak mental'nye determi-nanty pri jazykovoj objektivacii konceptov razuma i chuvstva v filosofskom diskurse F. Bjekona/ Z.E. Fomina // Nauchnyj Vestnik. Serija «Sovremennye lingvisticheskie i metodikodidakticheskie issledovanija». – 2014. – vyp. 1 (21). – S. 23-37.

[5]Sem' svobodnyh iskusstv (septem artes liberales). - Kalejdoskop. [Jelektronnyj resurs]. – URL: https://alindomik.livejournal.com/5475715.html (vremja obrashhenija – 29.01.2018).

[6]Lihachev D.S. Pis'ma o dobrom i prekrasnom / sost., obshh. red. G. A. Dubrovskoj. - M.: Det. lit., 1985. [Jelektronnyj resurs]. – URL: Pis'ma o dobrom i prekrasnom / sost b1. culture. ru/c/ 102019/ Pis'ma %20o%20dobrom%20i%20prekrasnom.pdf. (vremja obra-shhenija 2.02.2018).

[7]Lomonosov M. V. O vospitanii i obrazovanii. / sost. T. S. Butorina; Akad. ped. nauk SSSR. — M.: Pedagogika. – 1991. — 339 s.

[8]Perevodnaja literatura Pri Petre Velikom - Istorija knigi. [Jelektronnyj re-surs]. – URL: maxbooks .ru/ bakhtiarov /perevod.htm (vremja obrashhenija – 29.01.2018).

[9]Istorija perevoda i perevodcheskoj dejatel'nosti Avtor: V.S. Vinogradov. Isto-rija perevoda i perevodcheskoj dejatel'nosti. [Jelektronnyj resurs]. – URL: https: // www . lingvo center .ru / istoriya - perevoda - i - perevodcheskoy - deyatelnosti (vremja obrashhenija – 29.01.2018).

[10]Fomina Z.E. Dominantnye realii sovremennogo obrazovatel'nogo processa i novye tehnologii v kontekste cifrovoj dejstvitel'nosti 21 veka. / Z.E. Fomina // Nauch-nyj zhurnal Sovremennye lingvisticheskie i metodiko-didakticheskie issledovanija. – 2017. – Vyp. 3 (35). – S. 60-76.

[11]Lukina, L.V. Fomina Z.E. English Through Art. Iskusstvo kak sredstvo izuchenija anglijskogo jazyka: ucheb. posobie / L.V. Lukina, Z.E. Fomina // Voronezhskij GASU. – Voronezh, 2013. – 184 s.

[12]Lebed'ko V., Najdenov E. "Videnie v Magicheskom Teatre". [Jelektronnyj re-surs].

– URL: http://www.lebedko.su/30-avtorskij-razdel/nedavnie-stati/181-vision-in-mt. (vremja obrashhenija – 01.02.2018).

[13]Chehov M.A. O tehnike aktera // Stanislavskij K.S. Rabota aktera nad soboj. Chehov M.A. O tehnike aktera / Predisl. O.A. Radishhevoj. M.: Artist. Rezhisser. Teatr, 2008. S. 371– 485.

[14]Gogol' N.V. Gogol' Nikolaj Vasil'evich: teatr – jeto takaja kafedra. [Jelek-tronnyj resurs]. – URL: https: // persons -aforism.ru/aforizm/273. (vremja obrashhenija – 31.01.2018).

[15]Stanislavskij K.S. Sobranie sochinenij v 9 t. Rabota aktera nad rol'ju: Materialy k knige / Sost., vstupit. st. i koment. I. N. Vinogradskoj. / K.S. Stanislav-skij // M.: Iskusstvo. – 1991. – T. 4. – 399 s.

[16]Velikie o teatre. M.L. Nalbandjan. [Jelektronnyj resurs]. – URL: http: // mshealthy

.com.ua/sovm-dos-znam-cit-teatre.htm. (vremja obrashhenija – 01.02.2018).

[17]Gerbert Spenser: citaty, aforizmy i vyskazyvanija. [Jelektronnyj resurs]. – URL: Citaty.info https: // citaty .info /man/gerbert-spenser?sort_by=rating. (vremja obrashhenija – 01.02.2018).

89

Scientific Journal “Modern Linguistic and Methodical-and-Didactic Researches” Issue 1 (20), 2018 ISSN 2587-8093

UDC 8: 81-22

EXPRESSION OF CAUSATIVE-AND-ADVERSATIVE

RELATIONS ON THE INTERPHRASE LEVEL

N.N. Lapynina

____________________________________________________________________________

Voronezh State Technical University (VSTU), PhD (Philology),

Professor of the Chair of Russian Language and Cross-cultural Communication

Nadezhda N. Lapynina e-mail: nn.lapynina@mail.ru

____________________________________________________________________________

Statement of the problem. The article deals with the problem of interphrase relations, singling out and description of linear indices of interphrase connection based on the material of contemporary bellesletters and newspaper-publicistic texts. Connective multicomponent units, which are the means of maintaining connection between text blocks and the means of expressing certain logical-and-semantic relations are considered.

Results. Interphrase connectors of causative-and-adversative semantics have been identified and described. The conditions of their formation and the peculiarities of functioning in modern speech practice are considered. Their structural form and semantic content have been analyzed. The structural-and- semantic classification of the given connectors are proposed.

Conclusions. The appearance of the new interphrase connectors of the causative-and-adversative semantics the matter is not that…but that …, the matter is that … but not that…,which are formed as a result of syntactical contamination, is explained by the ability of the standardized connective unit the matter is that to function with the reliance on the coordinate conjunctions, as well as by the desire to express causative relations complicated by the other types of relations on the textual level.

Keywords: syntactical interphrase connection, interphrase connector, functif, causative-and-adversative relations, syntactical contamination, syntactical variant, modification.

For citation: Lapynina N.N. Expression of causative-and-adversative relations on the interphrase level N.N. Lapynina // Scientific Journal “Modern Linguistic and Methodical-and-didactic Researches”. –

2018. - №1 (20). – P. 90 - 100.

Introduction.

As is known, syntactical objects are structural substances constructed in one way or another, by virtue of which they cannot exist without the means that would connect all their elements into a single mechanism, into the one whole. This connective tool is the syntactical connection. The study of the problem of the connective indices has a long tradition in Russian linguistics. For the moment, the largest unit, being of interest to linguists, has been a sentence (simple, compound or complex), the main indices of the connection of its parts were conjunctions and connective words. However, since that time when the larger fragments of speech (text) have become the object of linguistic research, the traditional system of the idea of the connective indices has been supplemented by some new information about the means, whose main purpose is to connect independent sentences and larger segments of the text.

Although the leading role in the text-formation is played by the global connectivity, which turns the text into a single semantic whole, the problem of studying the essence of interphrase relations, singling out and describing the corpus of linear interphrase indices remains rather relevant for the text syntax.

____________________

© Lapynina N.N., 2018

90

Scientific Journal “Modern Linguistic and Methodical-and-Didactic Researches” Issue 1 (20), 2018 ISSN 2587-8093

It is also important to outline the set of such analytical connectors that realize their functions only on the textual level, to trace the conditions for their formation and functioning, and to analyze their semantics. The science knows very little about the composition of the indices of the interphrase connection of this type; our ideas of the number of such indices, of their structural forms and structural types, their constructive properties and significance are very vague and approximate.

Methodology of the research.

The purpose of our study is to single out and describe interphrase connectors that are formed on the basis of standardized predicative units and express causative-and-adversative relations. The object of the study is connective multicomponent units, which, being the fragments of syntactical structures, are the means for maintaining connection between blocks of text on the interphrase level. Such units are considered by us as the elements that are important for the text-formation, and are qualified as analytical indices of interphrase connection and the exponents of the semantic relations between independent sentences and larger fragments of the text with the term connector or functif [1; 2, p. 136-137]. The subject of the study is the structural- and-semantic peculiarities of the causative-and-adversative interphrase connectors, which have been studied with the use of the methods of observation, description, interpretation and struc- tural-and-semantic analysis of linguistic facts.

It should be noted that the syntagmatic peculiarity of the interphrase connector the matter is/was that … is its ability to combine with coordinate conjunctions. In some cases, this ability can be limited only to a kind of "a peaceful coexistence" of connectors, when the functif the matter is that functions with the reliance on the coordinate conjunctions, while in other cases it leads to the "addition of meanings", to a peculiar crossing, to the appearance of a new type of interphrase connectors [3, p. 204]. Let's analyze the second, more complex, in our opinion, phenomenon. Consider the example:

Dlja russkoj istorii jeto ubijstvo [ubijstvo studenta Ivanova] ne menee rokovoe, chem, skazhem, ubijstvo narodovol'cami carja Aleksandra II. D e l o n e v t o m , c h t o

Dostoevskij vzjal jetot sjuzhet dlja romana «Besy» i tem obessmertil ubijcu i zhertvu, a v t o m , c h t o ubijstvo v Petrovskom parke oboznachilo dvizhenie, kotoroe po imeni glavnogo ubijcy – Nechaeva… – poluchilo nazvanie nechaevshhi-ny… [1*, p. 559]. - For Russian history, this murder [the murder of the student Ivanov] is no less fateful one than, say, the assassination of the Tsar Alexander II by the Narodnaya Volya. The m a t t e r is n o t t h a t Dostoevsky took this plot for his novel "The Demons" and thereby immortalized the murderer and the victim, b u t t h a t the murder in the Petrovsky Park marked the movement which, by the name of the main murderer –Nechaev… - received the name Nechaevshchina (Our translation – N.L.).

Here, the two independent sentences are connected by the cause-and-effect relations. The semantic peculiarity of the second of them is that, it represents not the one but the two reasons: 1)

... Dostoevsky took this plot for his novel "The Demons" and thereby immortalized the murderer and the victim (note, that in this case, it is not essential that inside this segment there is also causal relations, cf.: Dostoevsky took this plot for the novel "The Demons," so, this immortalized the murderer and the victim); 2) ... the murder in the Petrovsky Park marked the movement, which, by the name of the main murderer - Nechaev ... - received the name Nechaevshchina. The first of these reasons is denied, rejected, and the second, opposed to the first, is affirmed. The means for expressing such content in the surface-and-syntactical structure is the connector the matter is not that, but that …which is the result of the syntactical contamination of the interphrase connector the matter is not that ... and the coordinate conjunction not ...but, which is a typical exponent of adversative relations. Contamination is meant by us as the interaction of contacting linguistic units in the syntagmatic series (in our case, connectors), which leads to the formation of a new (third) lin-

91

Scientific Journal “Modern Linguistic and Methodical-and-Didactic Researches” Issue 1 (20), 2018 ISSN 2587-8093

guistic unit [1**, p. 206]. In the analyzed fragment, the causative relations are imposed on the adversative ones under which only one member of the binary coordinate series is real and significant, the reality of the second term is denied. It is the negation of one of the members of the binary series that is the obligatory formal index of such relations. Not in this series is not just a negative particle, actualizing the actual-and-causal relations, but the obligatory component of the adversative conjunction not ... but. Component but, in turn, also undergoes certain semantic transformations: "together with the component not, it acquires an affirmative meaning," though "the conjunction but by itself cannot express the meaning of affirmation." Thus, the semantic peculiarity of this two-placed conjunction is that it expresses the relations of simultaneous negation and affirmation. This fact has given F.V. Popov the grounds for referring it to the group of the so-called "negative- and-affirmative coordinate conjunctions" [4, p.85-86]. Note, that the Grammar-80 gives the only conjunction not ... but, and it is regarded as a coordinate conjunction having a "negative-and- adversative meaning of mutual exclusion" [5, p. 168, 170]. Following V.N. Peretrukhin, we qualify this conjunction as the actual-adversative conjunction, "the conjunction of perfect opposition" [6, p. 38].

The result of the contamination of the conjunction not ... but and the interphrase connector the matter is that is the formation of the new interphrase connector of the causative-and- adversative semantics the matter is (was) not that ... but (the matter) is that .... Since the twoplaced coordinate conjunction takes part in its formation, in the case of linear relation, this connector also receives a two-placed position: it is divided into the two interconnected parts, the first of which, as an obligatory element, has the negation not (the matter is not that), but the second has an affirmative-and-adversative element but (but the matter is that). Due to the fact that the connector the matter is that is realized in different variants (verbal, elliptic, complete, abbreviated), the interphrase connector of the causative-and-adversative semantics also functions in speech in the form of various modifications changing its structure within the aforementioned variational series: The matter is (was) not that ... and the case is/was that ...; the matter was/ is not that ...

but the fact is that ...; it's not that ... but ...; it's not a matter of ... but that ...; it's not about ... but

.... Let's give some examples:

Golova ego ocenivalas' v bol'shuju summu. N o d e l o b y l o d a z h e n e v summe, a v t o m , c h t o Dzhohadze bol'she ne vstupit v boj, gde ego mozhno bylo by pod-strelit'; Da, Viktor Nikiforovich, jeto tak. Prjamyh prichin net, jeto bylo by slishkom prosto – obida. D e l o v o v s e n e v o mne, a v tom, chto tradicionnye religii na segodnjashnij den' beznadezhno ustareli… [2 *]. - His head was estimated at a large sum. But the m a t t e r w a s n o t even the sum, b u t t h a t Dzhokhadze would no longer fight, where he could be shot; Yes, Victor Nikiforovich, that's so. There are no direct reasons, it would be too simple - insult. I t is n o t of me at all, b u t t h e m a t t e r is t h at the traditional religions are now hopelessly outdated ... (Our translation – N.L.);

Odnako sozercat' i prebyvat' v bezdejstvii sredi kipevshej krugom bor'by ne na zhivot, a na smert' bylo nemyslimo i vyshe chelovecheskih sil. I d e l o b y l o n e v vernosti stanu, k kotoromu prikovala ego nevolja, ne v ego sobstvennoj samo-zashhite, a v sledovanii porjadku sovershavshegosja… [3 *]. - However, to contemplate and to be in the inactivity among the seething struggle to the death was unthinkable and higher than human strength. And it w a s n o t the m a t t e r of loyalty to the camp by which I became captivated, n o t of his own self-defense, b u t of following the order that was being made ... (Our translation – N.L.);

Ne stoit li nam pointeresovat'sja bez lishnej klassovoj gordyni, kak byli do-stignuty jeti blaga? Ved' d e l o v konce koncov ne v terminologii. A v t o m , k a k a j a model' obshhestvennaja naibolee produktivna… nakonec, naibolee gumanna i spravedliva. [4 *,

92

Scientific Journal “Modern Linguistic and Methodical-and-Didactic Researches” Issue 1 (20), 2018 ISSN 2587-8093

p. 3]. - Should we ask without the excess of class pride, how these benefits have been achieved? After all, t h e m a t t e r i s n o t terminology. B u t t h a t, what social model is the most productive ... finally, the most humane and just (Our translation – N.L.).

And it is characteristic that, firstly, the second part of the connector often functions in an elliptical form and, secondly, if it has the adversative element b u t, the word m a t t e r is omitted, as a rule.

Live linguistic processes, in particular, the effect of the law of saving speech efforts, the desire to avoid tautology, lead to the fact that the second part of the two-placed connector can be presented only by the adversative component b u t, for example:

D e l o , konechno, s o s t o j a l o n e v t o m , c h t o Kennedi byl katolikom i sledoval pape, a prosto, kak i Ioann ХХIII, on ishodil iz zemnyh real'nostej [5 *]. - The m a t t e r

stvovalac' nenadryvnaja, porjadka zdes' prosmatrivalos' bol'she [6*, p. 221]. - It's not t h e m a t t e r of an apple and n o t of heat, one`s own climate is just one`s own, but it seemed that the life was not hard here, the order was more observed here (Our translation – N.L.).

The ability of the correlative conjunction not …but to realize sometimes in the abbreviated form, when its second element is omitted, leads to the fact that even when the interphrase connector the matter is not that ... but that ... functions, the component but is often eliminated, being compensated in oral speech by the expressive rhythm-melody: by a bright adversative pause and a significant rise in tone on the first term of the coordinate series [7, p. 231], and in writing - by a dash, for example:

myshcami svoimi… k jetoj rabote sejchas ne gotov [7 *, p. 5]. - I think that such a critical analysis is not needed. The m a t t e r i s n o t t h a t the author does not know the work he has taken up - the m a t t e r i s t h a t he, by his nerves and his muscles, ... is not ready for this work (Our translation – N.L.);

Pokolebavshis', N. Angarskij reshil podderzhat' Veresaeva: pechatat' roman nel'-zja po ideologicheskim prichinam. D a v e d ' d e l o n e v summah vzjatok i d a z h e n e v n i h samih – d e l o v t o m , c h t o vse jeti ljudi byli ljud'mi gosudarstvennymi! [6 *, p.13]. - After hesitating, N. Angarsk decided to support Veresaev: to publish the novel is impossible for ideological reasons. And the m a t t e r i s n e i t h e r the sums of bribes, n o r even themselves - the m a t t e r i s t h a t all these people were public men! (Our translation – N.L.).

In a similar position, the parts of the connectors can sometimes be separated from each other by a comma:

Pokolebavshis', N. Angarskij reshil podderzhat' Veresaeva: pechatat' roman nel'-zja po ideologicheskim prichinam. D e l o n e v t o m , c h t o togdashnie redaktory byli ljud'mi mnitel'nymi, d e l o b y l o v obshhej obstanovke teh let [7*]. - After hesitating, N. Angarsk decided to support Veresaev: to publish the novel is impossible for ideological rea-

93