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1.Eurasia, map, planet Earth 2; Northern Hemisphere, location, I even have a problem with the definition of geographical location 1.

2.Location on the map relative to St. Petersburg and Moskow17 / 45: far 19 (including the distance 1); Near Moscow, not St. Petersburg, Central Russia, Central Russia 4; middle lane 3; another part of the country, west, western Russia, a small distance from Moscow, not far from Moscow, Russia suburb, comes after Moscow, a direct road to Moscow, near Moscow, Russia Centre, the central part of Russia 1.

3.Border position of Smolensk region12 / 23:

3.1.Boundary 8; Belarusʼ 4 (+ Belarussia 1, Belorussia 1); line 2; Belarusian border,

Russian border, the western boundary, the area near the border with Belarusʼ, near the border, go through Belarusʼ would-Street, Minsk highway (near Belarusʼ) 1.

3.2.My favorite city Bryansk! 1.

This group includes reactions that characterize the geographical location of the Smolensk region in the most general sense (the first subgroup), with respect to the two capitals, due to the category of respondents (second subgroup), with respect to the Republic of Belarus, from Vitebsk and Mogilev regions which borders Smolensk, and the city of Bryansk (the third subgroup).

XI. Reactions with the seme “Smolensk road” 17 / 78:

1.The road 19 (including roads 6); Smolensk road 3.

1.1.“Do you remember, Alesha, Smolensk road ...” 21; verse 7; Alesha 3; Smolensk road, verse (translated into Russian – стих) 2.

1.2.Bad roads 2; not roads, broken roads 1.

2.The train 7; railway 4 (including railways 2); green train 2; railway, railway / train Moscow – Kaliningrad, railway station 1.

Roads Smolensk is iconic images. Old Smolensk road is one of the oldest Smolensk road, the occurrence of which belongs to the XIV-XV centuries. The appearance of this reaction may be due to the popularity of the song B. Okudzhava " In the Smolensk road ". As part of the background knowledge of Russian language person onym Smolensk region also naturally associated with the case text Simonov, "Do you remember, Alesha, Smolensk road ...". As noted, N.L. Leiderman, "" Smolensk road " it is absolutely reliable and at the same time a symbolic image, these roads once went to Russia, Napoleon, this road is now rolling on Moscow, Hitler's tanks. <...> In the first days of World War twenty-five Simonov went to the army, became a correspondent for the newspaper "Red Star" <...> Simonov, sent on for-western border - the main direction of the blow of Hitler's armies, had to personally with the tragic beginning of the war". It was then under the influence of the most tragic months of the war written by the text [12, page 63].

XII. The reactions reflect the identity of the Smolensk region and its culture 33 / 71:

1. Features of language 13 / 34:

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voices 8; dialect 7 (including dialects 1); vernacular 3; dialectology 3; slang, dictionary says Smolensk dialect, Smolensk language special 2; a phenomenon may have highlighted in the city of Smolensk; just the river of speech, spoken language, Ukrainian language influence, the southern Russian dialects 1.

2. Features of culture 20 / 37:

geography of Smolensk, Smolensk literature 6; Smolensk architecture, Smolensk craft 3; flax, icons, Smolensk feature 2; bark letters, business writing, painting Smolensk, some feature stone architecture Smolensk, Smolensk culture, Smolensk songs, Smolensk orthodoxy, Smolensk painting, identity, Smolensk workshops, Smolensk flavor, specificity 1.

Smolensk dialect (dialect adverb) today dialectologists - with or without reservation - rank as the South-Great-speaking, but its heterogeneity, bright originality, abundance of borrowing from other languages, and their derivatives are responsible for the special situation of dialect among other South Great Russian dialects [see more info 4**]. Features of culture, literature, iconography, paintings formed the Smolensk region, mainly its border position [see more info 1**].

XIII. Reactions-names of famous people connected with the Smolensk edge 21 / 37:

1.Famous people born in the Smolensk land 8 / 10: Gagarin 2 (+ Yuri Gagarin 1, Yu. Gagarin 1); Twardowsky A.T. 2 (+ Twardowsky 1); Glinka 1 (+ M.Glinka and his opera 1);

Konʼ Fedor 1.

2.Political and public figures related to the Smolensk region (including single / multiple attended it) 4 / 12: Lenin 7; Stalin 3; False Dmitry, Malyutin 1.

3.Names of writers associated with Smolensk on their works 5 / 11: Tolstoy L.N. 6; K.Simonov 2; Yesenin (museum in Vyazma), Nekrasov, Saltykov-Shchedrin 1.

4.The names of military commanders associated with Smolensk 2 / 2: Bagration, Kutuzov 1.

5.Other 2 / 2: B.A. Larin, Ivan Susanin 1.

In this group, the reactions are shown the names that have a direct or indirect relation to the Smolensk land. Explicitly expressed due to Smolensk have anthroponomy first subgroup who call born in the study region from different spheres of public life: Y.A. Gagarin (village Klushino), A.T. Twardowsky (farm Zagorje), and others. Implicitly expressed attitude towards the edge of Smolensk have names that form the rest of the sub-group; for each of these names must be added and establishment of a detailed description of the "Smolensk ties" that goes beyond the scientific article, for example: M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin (through feuilleton "Literature at dinner"), M.I. Kutuzov (through the battle of Smolensk during the Great Patriotic War of 1812), I. Susanin (the eponymous opera by M.I. Glinka), etc.

XIV. The reactions characterizing the reflection of the Smolensk region in the literature and culture of 17 / 34:

1. Reflection of Smolensk in the novel L.N. Tolstoy's “War and Peace” 8 / 22:

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“War and Peace” 14; Bolkonsky 2; Bolkonsky and burning houses, Princess Mary, Prince Andrew, Bald Mountain, the birthplace of “War and Peace”, the film “War and Peace” 1.

2. Other reaction 9 / 12: book 3 (including books 1); Vasiliy Terkin, writers, poetry 2; Military song “Crossing ...”, story writer, poems, poems about the war 1.

The first subgroup of the thematic group characterizes reflection Smolensk region in the epic novel L.N. Tolstoy (Volume Three, Part Two). We note in passing that the "Smolensk contexts" "War and Peace" is reflected in the National case of Russian language and described by us in [see more info11]. In the second subgroup key reactions are related to the famous "book about a fighter" A.T. Twardowsky, born in the Smolensk region, as stated above.

XV. Reaction called seasons and natural phenomena 13 / 33:

1. The reactions indicative of Smolensk 6 / 8:

rain 3; humidity, water, puddles, bad weather, a cool breeze 1. 2. Other reactions 7 / 25:

heat 8; snow 5; sun 4; summer 3; autumn, cold 2; favorable weather 1.

XVI. Reactions that describe the relationship of the Smolensk land and other states (administrative areas) 21 / 31:

1.Polish lands 19 / 28:

1.1.Poles 4; troubles 3; place the massacre of Polish officers and soldiers, oprichnina, Poland 2; Ivan the Terrible (as oprichnina), Ivan the Terrible, the execution of Poles, Lithuania + Poland, Polish intervention, Polish-Lithuanian, troubled times (and everything connected with it: Poland, etc.), a troubled time 1.

1.2.Polish plane 2; the death of the Polish president plane crash, plane crash, the death of the Polish President (plane crash), the death of Polish President 1.

2.Other 2 / 3: tartars 2; as part of Lithuania 1.

The occurrence of reactions of this thematic group is due to the fact that in different periods of Smolensk lands were part of different states and principalities. With 882 - in the Kievan Rusʼ (Smolensk principality was formed only in 1054), with 1404 on 1514 - the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, since 1611 on 1654 - in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth [5 **, page 397-398].

XVII. Reaction called food 23 / 30:

1.Products that are made in the Smolensk 16 / 20:

1.1.Oil 4; sour cream 2; delicious ice cream, yogurt, milk, ice cream, Smolensk cheese, cottage cheese 1.

1.2.Delicious honey and jam, candy “Smolensk”, candy, honey, biscuits, gingerbread 1.

1.3.Sausage 1.

1.4.Cucumbers 1.

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2. Other 7 / 10:

mushrooms 3; berries 2 (including berry 1); dumplings, mushroom soup, dumplings, fruit, apples 1.

XVIII. Reactions - linguistic characteristics of the stimulus 24 / 28:

noun 3; definition of the word, the term 2; letter “S”, the feminine gender; logically it seems that there must be something wrong. With the city itself in this way there is no association; name suffix negative, name-calling, it will define the concept, colloquial, the reaction only to the end of words (schina), reducing, profanity, semantic condensation, word funny word, the meaning of words, the strangeness of the word; term associated with history; hissing, -schin-

1.

Reactions of this group expressed predominantly negative attitude of the respondents to the suffix of a test -shchin- toponym. However, we initially relied on the opinion of Z.A. Potikha, according to which the presence on the place name Smolensk -shchin- suffix describes "the formation of proper names with the value of the place", are not subject to property formed by the same suffix nouns "denoting generalized household phenomenon, ideological trends with a touch of a negative attitude to the These (barshchina, inostranshchina, etc.)" [13, page 231].

XIX. Reactions-name “Smolensk” facilities in St. Petersburg and Moscow 9 / 24:

river Smolenka 8; cemetery 4; station, Smolensk cemetery 3; river 2; River on Vasilevsky, Smolensk cemetery, Smolensk embankment, Smolensk area 1.

Each has its own name such interesting origins, as described in detail in our article [see more info 14]. For example, there was the Smolensk cemetery in St. Petersburg in 1756, his name due to the fact that, according to legend, in the early Years of the construction of the city at this place were buried carpenters and diggers - people from the province of Smolensk. A Smolensk river began to name Smolenka because of its proximity to the Smolensk cemetery and Smolensk field. In general, the identification and description of the “Smolensk” objects of other cities contributes to “expand the geography” of Smolensk names and defining the role of the Smolensk region in Russia's history.

XX. Reactions name-public institutions and organizations of Smolensk region11 / 22:

factory 8 (including plants 1); med.vuz 3 (+ medical vuz 2, med. institution 1); Atomic Power Station (+ Smolensk Atomic Power Station 1), university in the city center 2; market, factory, football club “Crystal” Smolensk 1.

XXI. Reactions calling and describing the city facilities / realities administrative center 12 / 13:

machine 2; three areas, the car “Volga”, bridge, square, traffic, dust, old bridge, the street with people walking along the street, the beautiful city center, in the heart of Clock 1.

XXII. Reactions-name Smolensk KVN 6 / 8:

“Triode and Diode” 3; KVN (Smolensk team), the team of KVN “Triode and Diode”, KVN team, favorite team KVN, KVN “Triode and Diode” 1.

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XXIII. Reactions related to the village Smolenshchina (in Russian) in the Irkutsk Region 3 / 8:

Irkutsk 4; Irkutsk region, a village in the Irkutsk region 2.

According to researchers, in the name of the village Smolenshchina Irkutsk region expressed occupation of the population of this village extraction of tar (in the past). There smolyagi lived - people involved in boiling tar, and the area was called Smolyaga and then - Smolensk. But in historical sources say the name of the exiled Mitko Smolensk, exiled in Irkutsk fortress in the 70-ies. XVII. On the map S. Remezov appears cabin Smolensk. He may have been founded and smolyagom Smolensk [see more info 15].

XXIV. Reactions-names of administrative centers of Smolensk region 3 / 4:

Velizh 2; Vyazma, village Ershichi 1.

XXV. Reaction-name settlement of Smolensk region 1 / 1:

Pogorelovo 1.

2) FORMAL RESPONSE 32 / 119 (a stimulus Smolenshchina (in Russian)):

1. Association, due to the presence of suffixes -shchin-, -shchik-, -in- or sound [shchʼ] in the words of a non-derivative basis 22 / 90:

derevenshchina (peasant )28; oblomovshchina 14; zhenshchina (woman) 12; barshchina 7; Khovanshchina 4 (+“Khovanshchina” 1, “Khovanshchina” (opera) 1); loshchina (valley ) 4; khlestakovschina 3; dedovshchina (the obuse of new conscripts by older soldiers), zhenshchina-Smolenshchina, pugachevshchina 2; “Zadonshchina” 1 (+ Zadonshchina 1); arakcheevshchina, denshchik (officerʼs servant), dostoevschina, zhenshchina (in a similar morpheme), dhutarschina (fool), karamazovshchina, leshch (bream), obshchina (community)

1.

2.Associations, based on harmony with the first component of the onym 10 / 29:

2.1.Smolny Cathedral 11; Smolny 6; pitch 2; Smolny Institute 1.

2.2.Smoke 3; smokes 2; smoke, tar - smoking? 1.

2.3.Smolov 2; surname Smolentceva 1.

The most common reaction is a subgroup of formal association, based on the presence in their structure of the sound [shchʼ] in different word-building formants or based token. It should be noted that some of these reactions is based on mere similarity of sound with the stimulus (such as a derevenshchina, zhenshchina, loshchina etc.). The other part of the reaction is based on the similarity of sound with the stimulus, and at the same time concludes in its composition multifaceted historical and cultural information. For example: Oblomovshchina – a term introduced N.A. Dobrolyubov in the famous article “What is a" Oblomovshchina "?” based on the novel I.A. Goncharov's “Oblomov”; Khovanshchina – the historical name of musketeers rebellion in 1682 and the eponymous opera M.P. Mussorgsky; Khlestakovschina – shaped symbol unabashed and unbridled boasting and lies, the ability to try on a different way and to convince others of its authenticity (on behalf of the inspector general, comedy hero of N.V. Gogolʼ “Inspector”); Karamazovshchina –

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psychological phenomenon, characterized by an extreme degree of moral irresponsibility, accompanied by uncontrolled passions and constant fluctuations of the moral fall to the sublime spiritual impulses (on behalf of the heroes of the novel F.M. Dostoevsky's “The Brothers Karamazov”). The presence of these reactions in the answers of the respondents indicating a certain level of education of the author (s) of such reactions.

The second subgroup of formal reaction is association with word-formative component smolʼ- / smoland reflective connection with extraction of tar. In this case, it is significant that the subjects were named reactions such as Smolny Cathedral, the Smolny Institute, which again shows the effect of the place of residence of the language person on the formation of her background knowledge.

3) ESTIMATING REACTIONS 66 / 96:

1. A negative evaluation and negative connotations 38 / 49:

rudeness, dirty, ignorance 3; lazy, primitive, drunkenness, chaos, gloom 2; ((( It's sad, idleness, disorder, chaos, homeless, beard at the center, viscous; silly to write nonsense about what you do not know, hunger, brash, greed, cruelty, crisis, darkness, no civilization, negativity, mistrust , dissatisfaction and contempt, disrespect, insult, sadness, bad, mayhem, fear, grief, hardships, tough times, something acrid, something negative, something terrible 1.

2. Positive evaluation and positive connotation 28 / 47:

beauty 9 (including beautiful 2); peace of mind 4; freedom, courage 3 (including bold 1); valor, a beautiful city, the force (including a strong 1) cleanliness 2; favorable importance, heroism and perseverance, heroism, kindness, peace, fame, beautiful nature, culture, masculinity, charming, education, courage, order, joy, intelligence, freshness, supernatural, fame, intelligent 1.

The composition of this group of reactions shows that in quantitative terms reactions with a negative evaluation predominate, while in some cases, naturally the question arises about the destination adverse reactions (such as rudeness, ignorance, primitiveness, etc.).

4) INCORRECT REACTIONS 24 / 29 (necessary corrections and comments are listed in order of mention responses in the body of the article):

1.Reality and names missing on the Smolensk land / not related 6 / 9: mountains 3 (Smolensk – a city in the hills, but the mountains in the area are not available); white wall 2 (including white walls 1); Volga (the main artery of Smolensk – the Dnepr, not Volga), wooden Kremlin, white stone Kremlin (fortress wall in Smolensk, built of red brick), Minin and Pozharsky (only the name of K. Minin indirectly connected with the Smolensk edge through the Russian-Polish war of 1609 -1611 Years, and the name of Dmitry Pozharsky does not Smolensk land to nothing) 1.

2.Geographical location of Smolensk 9 / 11:

far from the center of Russia, Golden Ring 2; abroad, is not far from the Ukrainian border, a couple of hours drive from St. Petersburg, Moscow, Russia south, south, southerly direction 1.

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Smolensk Region is located in the west of the European part of Russia, on the border with Belarus, not Ukraine. Smolensk is not part of the “Golden Ring” of Russia, but the response is indicative of the fact that reflects the high score of the Smolensk region in the history and culture of Russia. The distance from Smolensk to the capital is unlikely to be called far away: it is 393 km, but to St. Petersburg – 747 km, so that the couple hours drive are indispensable.

3. Characteristics of the city 4 / 4:

City of Military Glory, multilane traffic of a cars, young city, urban-type settlement 1.

City Smolensk, which in 2016 will celebrate in 1153, is one of the oldest Russian cities, as mentioned above in the text. On the 40th anniversary of Victory in the Great Patriotic War May 6, 1985 there was an order of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR: “For courage and resilience displaYed by the defenders of Smolensk, heroism, work in the fight against the Nazi invaders during the Great Patriotic War, to assign the city of Smolensk honorary title "Hero City" with the award of the medal “Golden star” [1 **, page 426].

4. Responses indicating the overall low level of education of respondents 5 / 5:

wooden Atomic Power Station, nominal word; small river, Don, it seems; the average age of the capital region 1.

5) “EMPTY” REACTIONS 17 / 24:

unknown 6; strange place, I do not know 2; ...; no association; beard; Horrible! I do not understand what are you talking about; was not there; was not, I do not know; unknown place, no, no, nothing, emptiness, it ?, something 1.

The group of “empty” contact assigned reaction, reflecting the lack of background knowledge of the respondents associated with the stimulus Smolensk. Number of absolutely empty forms (only completed questionnaire) was 39 units, i.e., 4.9% of the total number of forms. These results are indicative of the fact that a significant part of the Smolensk regional background knowledge belongs to the national level, forming a significant part of the national cultural space.

Discussion of the results. Analysis of the contact by associative experimental material led to the following conclusions:

1. From the point of view of the informative value of respondents' reactions can be attributed to one of two types: 1) reaction, informative description for ACB of toponym Smolensk region and linguistic identity of the respondents; 2) reaction is characterized only by a collective voice portrait subjects. The second group of reactions are individual reactions and reactions with uncertain / ambiguous motivational basis, as well as formal assessment, erroneous and “empty” reaction. Individual reactions are reactions such as discursive as they reproduce the whole picture of the world of respondents fragment of the Smolensk region, based on the formation of which are personal emotional significance of events and experiences. Reactions with uncertain ambiguous motivational basis determined by associative links that are relevant to the specific language of the individual and not understood by others. Erroneous and “empty” indicator of respondents' reactions are significant ignorance components of ACB of toponym Smolensk region. Assessment and formal response in different ways express the attitude of the respondents to a given stimulus.

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2. The vast majority of these reactions are the respondents of informative, i.e. represent significant components of associative cultural backgrounds of the explored place name (toponym). Consequently, a significant portion of Smolensk onomastic background knowledge is not limited to the regional level, and moves to the national level. The semantically informative to describe ACB of toponym Smolensk region reactions form a diverse group, whose composition is sufficiently complete and accurate names and describes the historical and cultural sites and the realities associated with the Smolensk edge. Thus the most common reactions repeated by the number (over 100 usages) are meaningful groups, which presents the following characteristics:

1)a description of the Smolensk region as a province;

2)the relationship of Smolensk region and Smolensk as the administrative center;

3)characteristics of Smolensk and Smolensk region;

4)a description of the military history of Smolensk region;

5)an indication of the Smolensk land belonging to the Russian state;

6)characteristics of the etymology of the place name Smolensk;

7)the names of the territorial units of Smolensk region;

8)the names of Smolensk attractions.

Among informative reactions only reactions associated with the village of Smolenshchina of Irkutsk region are not related to the Smolensk land. In addition, geographically do not belong to the edge of the Smolensk name “Smolensk” facilities in St. Petersburg and Moscow, the presence of which in the respondents' reactions lists due to their place of residence.

3. Informative descriptions for ACB of toponym Smolensk region reaction call names, realities and characteristics, directly or indirectly related to the Smolensk region. These reactions allow to explicate a large amount of historical and cultural information, enriching part of the ACB of the onym investigated. In mind the need to respect volume of publications and compliance requirements to the genre of scientific articles that the multiplane information is not presented in the text of this paper. In the future, it may be reflected in various anthrop based dictionaries (associative, local history, lingvokulturology).

Conclusion. The results presented in this paper will be compared with the results obtained by us on the stimulus Smolensk region from students of different profiles of Moscow universities, which will reveal how similar / different perception of the stimulus by the respondents of the two capitals, and will contribute to a more objective description “portrait” of Smolensk region on national level.

Technique presented in the paper can be used to identify and describe the ACB of other regional main onyms for the purpose of the following description of national cultural space (particularly, national onomasticon).

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Analyzed sources

1**. Smolenskaja oblast': Jenciklopedija. V 2-h tomah / Pod red. D.I. Budaeva, G.S. Merkina. Smolensk: Izd-vo SGPU, 2003. Tom 2. 624 s.

2**. Slavjanskaja jenciklopedija. Kievskaja Rus' – Moskovija: v 2-h tomah. Tom 2. N – Ja / Avtor-sostavitel' V.V. Boguslavskij. M.: Olma-Press, 2001. 814 s.

3**. Fasmer M. Jetimologicheskij slovar' russkogo jazyka. V 4-h tomah. Tom 3 (Muza – Sjat) / Per. s nem. i dop. O.N. Trubachjova. M.: Progress, 1987. 832 s.

4**. Slovar' smolenskih govorov. Vyp. 1 – 11 / Pod red. A.I. Ivanovoj, L.Z. Bojari-novoj. Smolensk, 1974 – 2005.

5**. Slavjanskaja jenciklopedija. Kievskaja Rus' – Moskovija: v 2 t. T. 2. N – Ja / Avtorsostavitel' V.V. Boguslavskij. M.: Olma-Press, 2001. S. 397–398.

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INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION

UDC 81`42

The State Educational Government-Financed Institution of Higher Professional Education of the City of Moscow,

Moscow City Teacher Training University Linguistics and Translation Studies Department, Senior Lecturer

Ludmila Alexandrovna Borbotko e-mail: ludmilaborbotko@gmail.com

The State Educational Government-Financed Institution of Higher Professional Education of the City of Moscow,

Moscow City Teacher Training University Romance Philology Department, Postgraduate

Olga Igorevna Korolenko e-mail: olgakfr@mail.ru

L.A. Borbotko, O.I. Korolenko

COMMUNICATIVE NORMS OF FORMAL SCIENTIFIC COMMUNICATION: ORATION IN THE ACADEMIC DISCOURSE OF THE XVII-XVIII CENTURIES

This article is focused on the communicative norm of academic discourse XVII-XVIII centuries in the framework of such public institution as the French Academy. Such characteristics of academic discourse as its institutional character as well as the necessity to be implemented according to the certain rituals (laws) are defined. Scientific relevance is due to the increased interest in the studying of professional communication. Scientific novelty lies in the fact that professional communication is studied on the example of such socially significant institution as the French Academy. Genres of epideictic speech (on the material of the ceremonial speeches given by the French academics) are analysed. The study reveals that the major genre in the academic discourse of this period was the opening speech. The key strategies used by the speakers in the XVII– XVIII centuries were defined with the help of the following methods and techniques of descriptive and functional analysis: discourse analysis, dictionary definitions application, statistical anslysis, a formalized method for presenting results (in figures). Strategies of praise and self-abasement, traditional for that time are described as well.

Key words: academic community, academic discourse, institutionality, speech rituals, the French Academy, genres of speech, the paratopy factor, academic canon, the place of knowledge.

The certain study belongs to an anthropocentric paradigm. The growing interest to the problem of professional communication in modern linguistics determined the relevance of the research carried out in this sphere. In this case communicative norms of official communication on the example of such a novelty for the XVII-XVIII centuries a social institution as the French Academy were defined. The target is to identify characteristics of the formation of the communicative norms at the initial stage of the academic environment. The object of the analysis is presented by the genres of epideictic speech that are considered on the example of ceremonial speeches given by the French academicians in the XVII–XVIII centuries.

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© Borbotko L.A., Korolenko O.I., 2016

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