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Scientific Journal “Modern Linguistic and Methodical-and-Didactic Researches” Issue 3 (22), 2018 ISSN 2587-8093

Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation

Federal Education Agency

Scientific Journal

“MODERN LINGUISTIC AND

METHODICAL-AND-DIDACTIC RESEARCHES”

Voronezh State Technical University

The journal has been publishing since 2012

Issue 3 (22), 2018

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N.V. Merkulova Scientific review of the topics of the III International scientific-and-practical Conference «Humanitarian readings “Free elements”», Sevastopol, September 13-15, 2018 ... 135

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Scientific Journal “Modern Linguistic and Methodical-and-Didactic Researches” Issue 3 (22), 2018 ISSN 2587-8093

N.V. Merkulova: Introductory Remarks by Deputy Editor-in-Chief of the SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL «Modern Linguistic and Methodical-and-Didactic Researches»

Issue 3 (22) of the Scientific Journal contains the following sections: "Linguistics", "Methods and Didactics", "Intercultural Communication", "Theory and Practice of Translation". The twenty-second Series presents 12 articles.

For attention of our honorable readers this issue of the Scientific Journal (SJ 3 (22), 2018) offers to get acquainted with the results and promising trends of current scientific research in the field of modern linguistics and its key problems, in the application domain of methodology and didactics of

teaching foreign languages, in the spheres of intercultural communication and of theory and practice of translation.

The presented articles reflect the results of scientific research in the framework of PhD and Doctoral studies carried out on the material of Russian, English, German, French, Chinese and other languages. System multilevel analysis is implemented in relation to various types of discourse: artistic, aesthetic, philosophical, journalistic, Internet communications, etc. The authors' research interest is focused on the problems of cultural identity in the linguistic representation of a number of universal and unique concepts in linguistic and cognitive pictures of the world, as well as cultural identity in the verbal thinking activity of a linguistic personality (“image of the author”) in all its diversity as physical, social, and intellectual and emotional essence in the process of intercultural communication in the context of the problem “a man and culture” and many others.

The section "Linguistics" covers a wide range of issues relating to a number of aspects that at the moment have not received sufficient coverage in the science of language and related humanities (philosophy, psychology, etc.), namely: revealing reasons for the lexical polyonymy as a typical feature of a multicultural language space (L.A. Nefedova); defining the specifics of the architectonics of the concept “Garden” in the philosophical discourse of F. Bacon as an outstanding linguistic personality (I.Yu. Lavrinenko); identifying the functions of extended metaphors as a means of transferring the psychological movements (E.B. Molkova); the study of the content of the concept “Human” in the Russian and Chinese language pictures of the world (O.F. Igosheva); reviewing some specific punctuation features of concessive conjunctions in complex concessive clauses (T.V. Ilyina, N.A. Karavaeva, E.V. Sidorova, O.A. Shvetsova).

The linguistic section is opened by the scientific article of Doctor in Philology, Professor Lyubov A. Nefedova (Moscow Pedagogical State University, Moscow), based on the German language material and dedicated to analyzing the main reasons for the plurality of culturallymarked nominations which reflect regional cultural identity in modern German-speaking polycultural space, as well as some ways of implementing polyonymy through synonymy and varying the word form.

As a result of the analysis of the philosophical discourse of F. Bacon Ph.D., A.P. Irina Yu. Lavrinenko (VSTU, Voronezh) has revealed that the concept of “Garden” in the treatise of the author “THE ESSAYS” is a complex mental formation featured with material object (territorial zoning, strictness in structure outline, metricity, space-and-time correlation, etc.), as well as by the ideas of spiritual-and-mental nature (a constituent of inspiration, causator of spiritual rise, comfort zone).

PhD in Philology, A.P. Evgeniya B. Molkova (Ivanovo State Power University named after V.I. Lenin, Ivanovo) in her scientific article deals with a detailed analysis of the metaphor in the text of Nathalie Sarraute’s first work in order to reveal and to identify the extended metaphors’ functions as an essential sense-making, structural and aesthetic component inherent to the style of the French "nouveau romancier".

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Scientific Journal “Modern Linguistic and Methodical-and-Didactic Researches” Issue 3 (22), 2018 ISSN 2587-8093

A comparative study of the content of the concept “Human” in the Russian and Chinese language world view aiming at building up a model of the field of representation of the concept in focus in the Russian and Chinese languages in the designated synchronous state, as well as revealing its national specifics is represented in the scientific research by Assistant Professor of the English Language Department Olesya F. Igosheva (Chelyabinsk State University, Chelyabinsk).

The group of authors: Cand. of Philology, A.P. Tatiana V. Ilyina, Cand. of Philology, A.P. Natalia A. Karavaeva, Cand. of Philology, A.P. Elena V. Sidorova, Cand. of Philology, A.P. Olga A. Shvetsova (VSU, Voronezh) provided a large-scale analysis on the extensive research material of more than 1000 examples from the National Corpus of the Russian Language (the selection of the material of the XIX century-the beginning of XX century and the second half of XX century - the beginning of XXI century is laid out) aiming at determining some new opportunities for solving punctuation problems of complex conjunctions in complex concessive clauses with concessive conjunctions taking into account the aspect of isofunctionality.

The section "Methods and Didactics" contains the researches on the peculiarities of the organization of blended learning which improves the development of monologue speech skills of students studying in a technical higher education (T.G. Bekisheva); on the problems of the methodology for using and defining the methods of organizing the work at interdisciplinary projects based on internet technologies in teaching professionaly-oriented foreign language to undergraduate students in a technical university (L.G. Averkieva); on some questions of pragmalinguistic approach to discourse markers as a means of grammatical competence development (N.M. Tsarenko, S.V. Shustova).

Having analyzed the peculiarities of blended learning, postgraduate student of the Department of Foreign Languages Tatyana G. Bekisheva (National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University) developed an electronic course on the discipline "Foreign Language for Academic Mobility Programs (English)", which was intended to improve a foreign monologue speech skills among the students studying in a technical higher education thanks to a well-planned distribution algorithm of learning activities at various stages of training.

In the article of postgraduate student of the Foreign Languages Department Liubov G. Averkieva (Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk) an integrative approach as a methodological basis for organizing the work on an interdisciplinary project which presupposes several stages (preparatory, research, final), Internet resources for learning purposes selection (i.e., Internet service “Google virtual disk” as a platform for organizing team work on the project in the virtual space), and also the algorithm of analytical activity of the students in the process of work on an interdisciplinary project is described.

The article by the co-authors: teacher Natalia M. Tsarenko (Yaroslavl State Pedagogical University, Yaroslavl) and Doctor of Philology, A.P. Svetlana V. Shustova (Perm State University, Perm) touches upon the problem of realization of didactic, particularly methodical and specific principles in development of grammar competence taking students' book "Total English" of Intermediate level as basic, considering the pragmatic potential and the functions of the modal verbs of the English language as well as of some lexical discourse markers usage.

Within the section "Intercultural Communication" the investigated problems are mainly based on the most up-to-date communicative approaches: elaboration of the parametric description of the communicative personality (both typical and individual) aiming at creating a model for such a description and testing it in practice (A.S. Kurkina, I.A. Sternin); studying topical issues of the development of the grammatical system of dialect language and their connection with the dialect picture of the world (S.S. Tokareva); identifying some cultural patterns of a new trend – metamodernism with the universal laws of the concept of "The Single field of world culture" in the theory by A.E. Chuchin-Rusov (G.I. Mamukina, A.S. Markova).

The section "Intercultural Communication" is opened by a co-worked article of Senior Lecturer of the Department of Humanities and Arts Alla S. Kurkinа and Doctor of Philology, Professor Iosif A. Sternin (VSU, Voronezh) devoted to the study of the concept “communica-

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Scientific Journal “Modern Linguistic and Methodical-and-Didactic Researches” Issue 3 (22), 2018 ISSN 2587-8093

tive personality” in all its manifestations revealing its dominant features (on the example of the communicative personality of Anton Chekhov) which allowed to form a generalized communicative image of the writer with further generalization of the parametric description based on the analysis of some empirical material.

Postgraduate student of the Department of Theory, History and Methods of Teaching the Russian Language and Literature Svetlana S. Tokareva (VSPU, Voronezh) devoted her research to statistical portraying of the dialects of the Voronezh region which gave the possibility to trace the ways of development of the grammatical system of dialect language as well as to reveal some specifics of the system processes based on the description of the statistical data of quantitative distribution of nouns by gender, types of declension and their change by case.

A non-trivial direction of the scientific thought is represented in the article by PhD of Sociology, A.P. Galina I. Mamukina (Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Moscow) together with independent researcher Anna S. Markova (Literary Institute named after A.M. Gorky, Moscow) dealing with the role and place of metamodernism in the framework of the concept of "The Single field of world culture" by A.E. Chuchin-Rusov based on analyzing such aspects of culture as statistical, dynamic, and gender, as well as cultural pluralism, macrophenomenology, mythological and natural symbolism, the problem of identity of the universal cultural symbols meanings and modern cultural patterns.

The section "Theory and Practice of Translation" represents a rather original issue of Cand. of Philology, A.P. Svetlana Yu. Kapkova (VSPU, Voronezh) based on the cycle of novels about Harry Potter by J. K. Rowling in the original and in the Russian translation devoted to the description of gastronomic realities considered as culturally marked units which was intended to add some national character to a fiction text and to make the readers (mainly children and teenagers) get interested in British folklore and traditional national cuisine, discovering great potential of gluttony phenomena usage for educational purposes.

The scientific overview offers our honorable readers to get acquainted with the main results and prospects of the Interregional Conference for English Language Teachers «Teaching Teenagers and Young Learners: Challenges and Solutions», organized by the Voronezh Representative of Cambridge University Press, the Faculty of Roman-and-German Philology and Cambridge Resource Center International House Voronezh-Linguist (15.06.2018), presented by Ph.D., A.P. Victoria V. Kozlova and Ph.D., A.P. Irina Yu. Lavrinenko (VSTU, Voronezh).

The main results and opportunities of Qualification Courses for German Language Teachers of the Russian Universities in Potsdam University (Federal Land of Brandenburg, FRG), held on 8-30-th August, 2018, as well as some innovative tendencies and methods of the German language teaching for specific (professional) purposes, namely: for modules “Architecture and Civil Engineering”, “Economics”, etc., - are reported by Ph.D., A.P. Valentina I. Chechetka (VSTU, Voronezh).

Scientific review of the topical issues of the III International scientific-and-practical conference «Humanitarian Readings “Free Elements”», Sevastopol, September 13-15, 2018, is aimed at revealing some relevant trends in the development of modern linguistics and methods and didactics of teaching foreign languages in their close connection with other human sciences: history, law, economics, philosophy, politics, etc. (prepared by PhD, A.P.

Nadezhda V. Merkulova (VSTU, Voronezh)).

The Scientific Journal «Modern Linguistic and Methodical-and-Didactic Researches» traditionally includes the works of both well-known and beginning Russian scientists working in various universities of our country, in particular, in Moscow (Moscow Pedagogical State University, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Literary Institute named after A.M. Gorky), Tomsk (Tomsk Polytechnic University), Chelyabinsk (Chelyabinsk State University), Ivanovo (Ivanovo State Power University named after V.I. Lenin), Perm (Perm State University), Yaroslavl (Yaroslavl State Pedagogical University), Voronezh (VSU, VSPU, VSTU), etc.

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Scientific Journal “Modern Linguistic and Methodical-and-Didactic Researches” Issue 3 (22), 2018 ISSN 2587-8093

A wide range of scientific problems in the most relevant areas of linguistics, methodology and didactics of teaching foreign languages, intercultural communication, theory and practice of translation is investigated in the articles of the authors of 3 (22) issue of the Scientific Journal.

We hope that the twenty-second Series of the Scientific Journal «Modern Linguistic and Methodical-and-Didactic Researches» will be interesting and useful for a wide number of linguists, literature experts, foreign language teachers, culture experts, philosophers, postgraduates and students, as well as for all our honorable domestic and foreign readers.

Deputy Editor-in-chief of the Scientific Journal

«Modern Linguistic and Methodical-and-Didactic Researches» of Voronezh State Technical University,

Ph.D. in Philology, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Foreign Languages and Translation Technology Department of VSTU,

Nadezhda V. Меrkulovа.

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Scientific Journal “Modern Linguistic and Methodical-and-Didactic Researches” Issue 3 (22), 2018 ISSN 2587-8093

LINGUISTICS

UDC 81’38

DIATOPIC VARIETY OF GERMAN AS A REASON

FOR THE LEXICAL POLYONYMY

(ON THE MATERIAL OF THE CULTURALLY MARKED VOCABULARY)

L.A. Nefedova

___________________________________________________________________________

Moscow Pedagogical State University

Doctor in Philology, Professor, Head of Dept. of German GOU VO MPGU Lyubov A. Nefedova

e-mail: nefedovalub@mail.ru

___________________________________________________________________________

Statement of the problem. The article deals with the description of the phenomenon of polyonymy (plurality of names) in the culturally marked vocabulary of modern German. The main goal consists in revealing reasons for the multiplicity of culturally marked nominations.

Results. The paper identifies the basic reasons for the multiplicity of culturally marked nominations in German. The diatopic variety of German leads to the multiplicity of heterogeneous regionally and culturally marked nominations. Such nominations reflect the regional cultural identity in contemporary German-speaking countries. The multiplicity of culturally marked nominations of German is realized on the level of synonymy (appearance of territorial doublets) and variation of the word form. Culturally marked polyonyms include single words, distinguished by motivation characteristics and motivation meaning (nominations of standardized language) and variants, formal phonetic modifications of the same word (dialect nominations).

Conclusion. Lexical polyonymy is a typical phenomenon of the polycultural language space. The multiplicity of culturally marked nominations in German is a reflection of the situation of the multiplicity of cultures in the Ger- man-speaking polycultural space, a representation of polycultural concepts in the language.

Key words: polyonymy (plurality of names), polyonym, culturally marked vocabulary, multiplicity of culturally marked nominations, diatopic language variety, territorial doublet, heteronomy of nomination, synonymy, motivation characteristic.

For citation: Nefedova L.A. Diatopic variety of German as a reason for the lexical polyonymy (on the material of the culturally marked vocabulary) / L.A. Nefedova // Scientific Journal “Modern Linguistic and Methodical-and- didactic Researches”. – 2018. - №3 (22). – P. 10 - 20

Introduction

The vocabulary of the German polycultural language space is marked by an obvious diatopic (regional) specificity. The term “diatopic language variability” begins to be actively used by linguists after the publication of Eugenio Coseriu’s monograph “La geografía lingüística” (Linguistic Geography) [1]. The historical language as a set of common features is in the scientist’s opinion an invariant in relation to which all functional languages, covered by it, appear as its variants [2]. These are, first of all, spatial, or diatopic, variants (dialects), social, or diastratic variants (sociolects, which Coseriu calls “language levels”) and stylistic, or diaphasic variants, understood by E. Coseriu very widely and called by him “language styles” (he refers to language styles not only variants, caused by the situation of communication, but also gender, age, professional and another variants) (The terms “diatopic” and “diastratic” E. Coseriu borrowed from the Norwegian linguist L. Fluedal; he suggested the term “diaphasic” himself).

In this way, the variability linguistics takes into account three dimensions of the language variants: diatopic, diastratic and diaphasic.

___________________

© Nefedova L.A., 2018

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Scientific Journal “Modern Linguistic and Methodical-and-Didactic Researches” Issue 3 (22), 2018 ISSN 2587-8093

The culturally marked vocabulary of the German language, which is increasingly becoming the object of modern linguistic research, should be considered not syntopically (as the vocabulary of a single space), but diatopically different depending on the territory, for which it is characteristic, i.е. as regionally marked). Further this vocabulary can be described from the point of view of its diastratic, diaphasic and diachronic variability.

The vocabulary of any language is characterized by two opposite tendencies. On the one hand, the tendency to language economy, which is reflected in such phenomenon as oligonomy, (few names for anything), i.е. the desire to use one word instead of a few. On the other hand, in the lexicon there is an opposite tendency to “name everything”, with one goal – to reflect as much as possible the essential features of the phenomenon and how expressive it is possible [3, p. 225-227], reflected in the phenomenon polyonymy (plurality of names, multiplicity of nominations) [4]. Germanistics uses the term Mehrnamigkeit (plurality of names) [5, p. 630-631].

Methodology

The reason for the multiplicity of the cultural marked nominations of the German language is their diatopic (regional) conditioning. The goal of the article is to confirm the hypothesis that the diatopic variability of vocabulary (regionality) is the most important criterion in describing the culturally marked vocabulary of the German language. Certain regions of German-speaking countries are characterized by a pronounced cultural identity, which is reflected in the vocabulary of the German language and in regional cultures.

The object of the study are culturally marked lexical units, or realia, of the German language: they are a rich source of material for the analyses of regional language and cultural communities. The subject of the study is the multiplicity of nominations of folk festivities, preceding the Great Fast.

The material of the study was electronic versions of dictionaries of the modern German Online-Duden and DWDS, as well as Mannheim Corpus of texts.

The main methods of research are the descriptive method and the method of analyzing dictionary definitions.

The relevance of this study is that, the phenomenon of polyonymy, firstly, remains a little studied phenomenon in modern linguistics, and secondly, it is described in this paper on the basis of the culturally marked vocabulary of the German language.

Results of the study

The paper describes polyonymy in vocabulary on the material of various names of folk festivities preceding the Great Fast in the German language, which is due to its diatopic variability.

1 . T h e o r e t i c a l b a s e s o f r e s e a r c h o f p o l y o n y m y o f t h e c u l t u r a l l y m a r k e d v o c a b u l a r y

P o l y o n y m y is a phenomenon, when one object has several nominations that function equally. The term polyonymy means in the dictionary of F.А. Brokgaus and I.А. Еfron the abundance of names for the same concept, based on the abundance of various features included in its composition [6]. In the linguistic literature there was a tendency to talk about the multiplicity of nominations of the same fragment of reality, a phenomenon, opposite to the desire to be concise, laconic. Although the economy principle in the language is seen by many linguists as the driving force of linguistic changes, аnd the economy tendency is universal for all languages, R.А. Budagov sharply criticized this opinion. He wrote that neither the development nor the functioning of language is determined by the “economy” principle, since any living natural language is replenished with new expression means, with new communication methods [7, p. 35].

Polyonymy is a set of heterogeneous (different) nominations (heteronominativity, Greek

ἕτερος “different”) and a multiplicity of synonymous nominations, words with the same or similar meaning (synonymy).

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Scientific Journal “Modern Linguistic and Methodical-and-Didactic Researches” Issue 3 (22), 2018 ISSN 2587-8093

The phenomenon of creating a set of nominations of the same object in speech practice was highlighted in the works devoted to the description of the functions of foreign vocabulary in the language, since foreign words are often used on a par with native words and are in many cases more commonly used as new, fashionable, more prestigious nominations. As a result, the modern man receives a huge reserve of both single-word and composite nominations, which makes it possible to use these resources in different styles, genres, goals, in different spheres of communication, with different communicative attitudes, etc. [8, p. 33]. In the modern German language the nominations, borrowed from the English language, create the polyonymy. There are several ways to denote the Internet: World Wide Web; acronym WWW; shortened word Web; the loan translation from English, German word Weltnetz world net; Internet, Internetz inter-net (colloquially, jokingly: Netz is a translation of net), Netz net (colloquially). The following An- glo-Americanisms call the technologies of remote banking service in German: Electronic Banking, E-Banking, Handybanking, Direktbanking, Homebanking, Internetbanking, Onlinebanking, PC-Banking, Telebanking, Telefonbanking.

The multiplicity of nominations is explained by their different motivations (motivational characteristics: electronic, direct, from home, by Internet, online remote banking, on a computer, on the phone). The multiplicity of the nominations of electronic commerce via the Internet is also explained by different motivations (motivational characteristics: electronic commerce, by Internet, online) and the ability to use the name as direct borrowing сommerce, business, and the loan word Handel: Electronic Commerce, Internethandel, Onlinehandel, Electronic Business, the reduction E-Business [9].

When describing home nominations, extralinguistic factors (disappearance of old and appearance of new properties in an object, etc.) are called as the reasons for their multiplicity, the various grounds that gave rise to them (for example, the nomination of rooms by size and function - the same room can be called at the same time small and children’s). In addition, it is typical for the home communication, there are names: a) family-wide; b) belonging to one of the family members; c) several people, groups within the family, allocated according to various characteristics: gender, age, social roles, joint activities: d) addressed to one or more family members [10, p. 321-322].

In the scientific article of A.N. Smirnova the plurality of nominations in the dialectal lexicalsemantic system of the Russian language is considered, namely, in the Pskov folk dialects. As a means of expressing the nomination nonuniqueness, one-root and multi-root synonyms, compound names, word variants are described, which are represented as a multilevel field model [11].

In our previous works it was revealed that in the German language polyonymy, besides the obvious phenomenon, when along with the neutral nomination several stylistically marked lexical units are used, there is a multitude of different nominations of the same stylistic register, which is characteristic, first of all, for the lowered layer of vocabulary, i.e. for colloquial vocabulary.

One neutral nomination in the German language corresponds to several familiar nominations – words with the litter salopp (carelessly): 23 familiar nominations are fixed to indicate money in the dictionary of synonyms in the modern German language. The neutral verb trinken drink has 19 colloquial synonyms (words with a litter colloquially, the neutral verb sprechen speak – 11. Polyonomy is represented, although in a smaller volume, in the sphere of coarse (vocabulary with the litter derb rough) and vulgar vocabulary (the litter vulgär vulgar) – 3-4 synonyms: Very widely the phenomenon of polyonomy is realized through disdainful, contemptuous nominations (vocabulary with the litter abwertend disparaging) (28 words with this litter are given for the word Halunke scum in the dictionary) [12].

Attention is drawn to polyionymia, the purpose of which is a joke and irony: these are jocular and ironic nominations, the so-called usual humorems [13]. These are 11 humorous nominations of places of detention in German (f.e.: Erholungsheim rest home, staatliches Pensionat

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Scientific Journal “Modern Linguistic and Methodical-and-Didactic Researches” Issue 3 (22), 2018 ISSN 2587-8093

state boarding school, Gymnasium gymnasium, hohe Schule high scool, Vater Philipp отец father Philippe etc.), 9 humorous nominations of car (f.e.: Benzinesel donkey on gasoline, Blechgeliebte beloved of tin, Chausseewanze highway bug). Such humorous nominations have the connotative mearning, they are emotionally and expressively colored synonyms of neutral words [14]. Thus, the diaphasic variability of the German language is the cause of the identified and described polyonymy.

We also drew attention to the fact that some humorous nominations are territorial doublets. For example, three humorous nominations are cited to the neutral nomination Bauch stomach, used in Berlin, Austria and Switzerland: Mollenfriedhof beer cemetery (jocularly, Berlin), Backhendlfriedhof cemetery of baked chickens (jocularly, Austr.), Güggelifriedhof cemetery of chickens (jocularly, Swiss.). All these nominations are metaphors: The stomach is compared to a cemetery. They differ in that, what is “buried” in such a cemetery: in Berlin it is beer (Molle – Berlin. glas of beer), in Austria – a baked chicken, in Switzerland – just chicken.

Some of the joking nominations are dialectally or regionally colored, for example, nominations are opposed on the basis of südd. South German – nordd. North German: Kamm comb, Lausrechen (colloquially, South German, jocularly), Lauseharke (colloquially, North German, jocularly). In both cases, the comb is jokingly called “rake for combing the lice.” But in the South of Germany the word der Rechen is used for the nomination of rake and die Harke – in

the North. These examples are the realization of the diatopic variability of the German language.

Thus, objects and phenomena of the domestic sphere of life at the lexical level are represented in the German language in an unusually differentiated manner. This testifies to the person’s need for accurate and diverse names of objects and phenomena of the surrounding world that are essential for him in the everyday life with an aim of full and expressive reflection of their basic signs. Let us turn to the concept of the culturally marked vocabulary.

C u l t u r a l l y m a r k e d ( c u l t u r a l l y s p e c i f i c ) v o c a b u l a r y is the vocabulary that carries information about cultural identity of the people and is considered in the linguoculturology, a science, that studies the process of interrelation between language and culture, and reflects this process in the unity of linguistic and extralinguistic (cultural) content, located at the intersection of linguistics and cultural studies and examining the cultural phenomena reflected in the language.

Culturally marked vocabulary can also be viewed from the point of view of diatopy as a object of variability linguistics. Variability linguistics of is a discipline of sociolinguistics that studies various forms or variants of natural language and tries to correlate various variants with extralinguistic factors, such as age, gender, social or regional affiliation.

German is a pluricentric language: there are national variants of standard language with several language centers, which are regions within individual states, so we can talk about the pluriregionality of the German language: „Bei den Sprachzentren mit standardsprachlichen

Besonderheiten handelt es sich zum Teil um Regionen innerhalb einzelner Staaten, so dass man auch von Pluriregionalität des Deutschen sprechen kann“ [15: 1766].

Realia traditionally belong to the culturally-marked vocabulary. The term “realia” is understood as objects or phenomena that are found only in a certain culture and are therefore unknown to representatives of other cultures or are hardly perceived by them [...][16, p. 233].

2 . M u l t i p l i c i t y o f c u l t u r a l l y m a r k e d n o m i n a t i o n s o f G e r m a n f r o m t h e v i e w o f d i a t o p y

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