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Краснодарский университет МВД России

Английский язык для специальности «Судебная экспертиза»

Учебное пособие

Краснодар

2017

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Составитель Г. В. Волошина

Рецензенты:

С. Э. Валдавина, кандидат филологических наук (Ростовский юридический институт);

Б. Н. Селин, кандидат филологических наук (Белгородский юридический институт МВД России).

Английский язык для специальности «Судебная экспертиза» : А64 учебное пособие / Г. В. Волошина. – Краснодар : Краснодарский

университет МВД России, 2017. – 92 с.

ISBN 978-5-9266-1270-4

Содержит профессионально ориентированные тексты на английском языке для совершенствования коммуникативных навыков устной и письменной речи, овладения языком юридической специальности, формирования способности к межкультурному общению и познавательной деятельности.

Для профессорско-преподавательского состава, курсантов и слушателей образовательных организаций МВД России.

УДК 811.111

ББК 81.2 Англ

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ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ

Учебное пособие «Английский для курсантов по специальности «Судебная экспертиза» является одним из циклов учебных материалов на иностранном языке (английском), предназначенных для курсантов, слушателей и студентов, обучающихся по специальности 40.05.03 – «Судебная экспертиза». Данное учебное носит практический характер и составлено в соответствии с требованиями рабочей программы по подготовке обучающихся по специальности «Судебная экспертиза». Цель данного пособия заключается в формировании у обучаемых навыков и умений в различных видах чтения – ознакомительном, просмотровом, поисковом и изучающем.

Помимо выработки умений различных видов чтения и перевода, должное внимание уделяется развитию навыков устной и письменной коммуникации. Читая оригинальную литературу по специальности, обучаемые должны не только уметь быстро извлекать необходимую информацию в пределах проработанной тематики, но и вести беседу, используя специальную юридическую лексику, аннотироватьиреферироватьюридическиетексты.

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Раздел I.

Тема 22.

История развития криминалистики

HISTORY OF CRIMINALICTICS 1. Read and translate the text:

TEXT 1.

WHAT IS A CRIMINALIST?

A criminalist is a person with a background in science, typically having at least a baccalaureate degree in an area such as chemistry, biology, forensic science, or criminalistics. Some criminalists have degrees in other, similarly related areas. Many criminalists have advanced degrees.

With the above scientific background and additional training given by his/her employer (either a government or private laboratory) a criminalist applies scientific methods and techniques to examine and analyze evidentiary items and testifies in court as to his or her findings.

WHAT DOES A CRIMINALIST DO?

Criminalistics is one of many divisions in the field of forensic science. Forensic science includes forensic pathology, odontology, entomology, engineering, criminology, and other disciplines. All of these are specialized sections in forensic science. Criminalists use techniques learned in chemistry, molecular biology, geology, and other scientific disciplines to investigate and solve crimes. Criminalistics should not be confused with the field of criminology. Criminologists are sociologists, psychologists, and others who study the causes and effects of crime on society.

For the criminalist, crime scene investigation involves the recognition, documentation, collection, preservation, and interpretation of physical evidence which may be as big as a truck or as small as a diatom or pollen grain. Recognition of items out of place, articles improperly located or items added to the crime scene are an important

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part of crime scene processing. The criminalist collects, preserves, and makes interpretations about the evidence and their relation to the series of events resulting at the crime scene.

The criminalist brings evidence back to the laboratory where examinations will be conducted. Interpretations are made about the relevance of a particular item from the crime scene by associating particular items of evidence to specific sources and reconstructing the crime scene. This means not only associating a suspect with a scene but also the telling of a story about what transpired before, during and after the crime. The criminalist must draw on a wide spectrum of scientific knowledge including chemistry, biology, genetics, molecular biology, physics, statistics and a working knowledge of civil and criminal law. Applying this knowledge, criminalist will associate and identify evidence, interpret the results, reconstruct the crime scene, and write a report summarizing the findings.

Finally, the criminalist testifies in courts of law, teaching the judge and jury about the conclusions reached in the laboratory.

New Words:

baccalaureate degree [ˌbækəˈlɔːriətdɪˈɡriː]–степень бакалавра forensic science [fəˈrenzɪk ˈsaɪəns] – судебная наука advanced [ədˈvɑːnst] - прогрессивный, продвинутый forensic pathology [fəˈrenzɪkpəˈθɒlədʒi] – судебная патология odontology [ɔdɔnˈtɔləʤɪ]–одонтология

entomology [entəˈmɒlədʒi]–энтомология

to be confused with [tə bi kənˈfjuːzdwɪð] – сбить столку pollen [ˈpɒlən] – пыльца

grain [ɡreɪn] – крупинка, мельчая частица interpretation [ɪnˌtɜːprɪˈteɪʃn] –объяснение relevance [ˈreləvəns]–уместность

testify[ˈtestɪfaɪ] – давать показания, свидетельствовать

2. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты русских словосочетаний.

1.В смежных областях

2.Применять научные методы и приемы

3.Специальные разделы в криминалистике

4.Расследование и раскрытие преступлений

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5.Не следует путать

6.Причины и последствия преступности для общества

7.Неправильно расположенные предметы

8.Объяснения делаются по каждому предмету

9.Что произошло до, во время и поле преступления

10.Связать и выявить доказательства.

3. Переведите слова и словосочетания из текста на русский язык.

1.scientific methods and techniques

2.to examine and analyze evidentiary items

3.to study the causes and effects

4.recognition of items

5.crime scene processing

6.the relevance of a particular item

7.to reconstruct the crime scene

8.to associate a suspect with a scene

9.to summarize the findings

10.conclusions reached in the laboratory.

4.Согласитесь или опровергните утверждения.

1.A criminalist applies scientific methods and techniques to examine and analyze evidentiary items and testifies in court as to his or her findings.

2.Criminalistics should be confused with the field of criminology.

3.Criminologists are sociologists, psychologists, and others who study the causes and effects of crime on society.

4.For the criminologist, crime scene investigation involves the recognition, documentation, collection, preservation, and interpretation of physical evidence.

5.The criminalist brings evidence back to the laboratory where examinations will be conducted.

6.The criminalist must draw on a narrow spectrum of scientific knowledge including chemistry, biology, genetics, molecular biology, physics, statistics and a working knowledge of civil and criminal law.

7.The criminalist testifies in courts of law, teaching the judge and jury about the conclusions reached in the laboratory.

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3. Read and translate the text: TEXT 2.

History of Criminalistics

The history of criminalistics does not have a single person to credit for its inception. In fact, much of the technology in criminalistics is borrowed from other sciences and applied to legal matters.

There were many contributors to the birth of the field through the mid-1800s to the early 1900s. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle’s Sherlock Holmes is often credited as the fictional father of criminalistics, using methods in criminalistics long before the science was recognized and accepted. Mathieu Orfilais credited as the father of forensic toxicology. He is also credited with being the first expert witness in a criminal trial in the 1840s. In the 1880s Alphonse Bertillon created the first classification system attempting to achieve personal individualization, called anthropometry, and Hans Gross coined the term Criminalistics. Shortly thereafter, in the 1890s, Francis Galton published his study on fingerprints. Around the 1910s several contributors were added to history: Landsteiner discovered blood groups (i.e. A, B, H); Leone Lattes obtained blood types from dried blood; Calvin Goddard published his work on firearms comparisons; and Albert Osborn undertook document examinations. Then, in 1920, Edmond Locard postulated his ‘exchange principle’, a fundamental contribution to the field upon which many of the specialties in criminalistics are based. Locard’s police laboratory in Lyon, France, was so successful that it gave the needed impetus to the formation of police laboratories and crime laboratories in Europe and the United States. In fact, the first crime laboratories were opening in the late 1920s in the United States. In the 1930s police science and criminalistics were emerging in academia, and in the late 1940s the school of criminology was formed at the University of California at Berkeley, headed by Paul Kirk. As new technology was emerging in the 1960s, England’s Home Office created the Central Research Establishment, the first forensic research center in the world. The 1970s, 1980s and 1990s saw an explosion of information and analytical methods, as the world’s technological advances and instrumentation were (and still are) improving.

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1. Переведите слова и словосочетания из текста на русский язык.

1.To be borrowed from other sciences

2.The science was recognized and accepted

3.The first expert witness

4.The study on fingerprint

5.Firearms comparisons

6.Crime laboratories

7.The first forensic research center

8.An explosion of information and analytical methods

9.The world’s technological advances

2.Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты русских словосочетаний.

1.Большинство технологий в криминалистике

2.Судебная токсикология

3.Личная индивидуализация

4.Открыть группы крови

5.Сравнение огнестрельного оружия

6.Основной вклад

7.Образование полицейских лабораторий

8.Судебно-исследовательский центр

3.Согласитесь или опровергните утверждения.

1.The history of criminalistics does not have a single person to credit for its inception.

2.There were no contributors to the birth of the field through the mid-1800s to the early 1900s.

3.Sir Arthur Conan Doyle’s Sherlock Holmes is credited as the father of forensic toxicology.

4.Mathieu Orfilais also credited with being the first expert witness in a criminal trial.

5.Francis Galton published his study on fingerprints.

6.The first crime laboratories were opening in the late 1920s in the United States.

7.England’s Home Office created the Central Research Establishment.

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TEXT 3.

FORENSIC SCIENCE

WHAT IS FORENSIC SCIENCE?

1. Ответьте на вопросы.

1.What kind of work is usually done with a microscope?

2.What forms of evidence do you know?

3.Where is evidence examined?

4.Who works in the laboratory?

5.Would you like to work in the laboratory?

6.Are you a student of science?

7.Are you addicted to solving problems, puzzles and mysteries?

8.Do you believe that justice must be done, no matter what happens?

9.Do you believe in the scientific method of observation, analysis, experiment and conclusion?

10.Do you know the difference between scientists and forensic scientists?

2. Прочитайте определения понятий «ученый» и «судебный эксперт». Выпишите в таблицу ключевые слова, описывающиесутьданныхпонятий. Составьтеснимипредложения.

A scientist, in a broad sense, is one engaging in a systematic activity to acquire knowledge. In a more restricted sense, a scientist is an individual who uses the scientific method. Scientists performer search towarda more comprehensive understanding of nature, including physical, mathematical and social realms.

Forensic scientists are scientists, but when they apply their scientific knowledge to assist juries, attorneys, and judges in understanding the physical evidence of a criminal case, they become forensic scientists. The word “forensic” applies to the use of scientific methods and techniques to investigate a crime and help to resolve legal issues in a court of law. Forensic science literally means science applied to public affairs or social justice.

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3. Прочитайте текст и ответьте на вопросы.

1.iHow old is forensic science?

2.How do you understand the word “forensic”?

One of the first accounts of forensic science being used to solve a crime occurred in 44 B.C., when Julius Caesar was stabbed to death by Roman senators. A physician named Antistius was called to study the corpse of Julius Caesar. Upon examination of the body, Antistius concluded who was responsible for the crime, and the guilty senators were sentenced to death. The physician made his fateful announcement in the Roman forum, giving forensic (forensic - from the Latin forensics, “belonging to the forum”) science its name.

4. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на функцию местоимения в предложении.

1.Forensic science describes the science of associating people, places, and things involved in criminal activities; these scientific disciplines assist in investigating and adjudicating criminal and civil cases.

2.Several departments in the federal government have forensic science labs. These include the Departments of Justice and the Treasury.

3.Each state has its own forensic science laboratory system. These include labs run by state or local government.

4.The discipline has two parts to which divide it neatly, like the term that describes it.

5.High school or university teams that compete in debates or public speaking are called “forensics”.

6.The largest area of forensic science is criminalistics, which includes the physical evidence that commonly occurs at crime scenes.

7.It is now necessary to have an armoury of complementary investigative tools to crack the hardest cases. These guarantee that the most sophisticated crimes are uncovered, the perpetrators are revealed and case winning evidence is assured.

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