Сидоркина Е.В. Английский язык для юристов. Ч. 1

9.The President uses consensual procedures to veto an act.

10.The Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation is appointed by the President with the consent of the State Duma.

11.The dispute is transferred to the appropriate court for its discussion.

12.The President selects and releases diplomatic representatives for approval by the State Duma.

13.The Supreme Commander-in-Chief confers supreme military and supreme special titles and honorary titles of the State.

14.The Federal Assembly drafts the federal budget of the country and ensures its performance.

17.Choose the correct alternative in each case to complete the sentence:

1.The Russian Federation consists of _________ constituent entities. a) 89

b) 87 c) 83 d) 86 e) 81

2.The authorities of the constituent entities have the right

_________independently from the federal government. a) to show mercy

b) to pass laws c) to break laws

d) to initiate legislation

e) to announce elections ahead of time

3.Federation Council includes ___________from each constituent entity of the Russian Federation.

a) 450 deputies b) 370 deputies

c) 4 representatives d) 9 delegates

e) 2 representatives

4.__________ensures realization of financial, monetary and credit policy.

a)an Accounting Chamber

b)the Parliament

c)the Federation Council

d)the government

e)the State Duma

5. The Parliament consists of ___________.

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a)one branch only

b)two chambers

c)several committees

d)the State Duma and Federal Assembly

e)federal ministries

6.The Federation Council and the State Duma sit_________________. a) together

b) with other governmental subcommittees c) with Prime Minister

d) separately e) with speaker

7.Military forces cannot be used outside the country without the approval of

__________.

a) the State Duma b) the President

c) the Federation Council d) the Parliament

e) the Ministry of Internal Affairs

8.Charges against the President can be issued by _____________.

a)the Government

b)the Prime Minister

c)the Parliament

d)the Federation Council

e)the State Duma

9._______ drafts the federal budget of the country and ensures its perfor-

mance.

a) the State Duma b) federal ministers c) the Parliament d) the government e) the President

10.It is within the competence of ________ to appoint and dismiss the Chairman of the Central bank.

a) the President b) the State Duma c) the Treasury

d) the Federation Council e) the Chairman

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DISCUSSION

16. Describe the role of the President of the Russian Federation using the following words and phrases:

17. Answer the following questions:

1.What type of state is Russia?

2.What are the three independent branches of state power in Russia?

3.Who is the head of the Russian Federation?

4.Who has the right to pass laws independently from the federal government?

5.What is the legislative body in the Russian Federation?

6.When does the President use consensual procedures to resolve the problem?

7.АСОЫО ТЬ ЭСО НТЬЩЮЭО ЭЫКЧЬПОЫЫОН ЭШ ТЧ МКЬО К МШЧЬОЧЬЮЬ ТЬЧ’Э ЫОКМСОН?

8.What kind of a functioning body is the Federal Assembly?

9.Who determines the basic objectives of the internal and foreign policy of

the state?

10.When does the President stop performing his duties ahead of time?

11.What body does consist of the Chairman (the Prime Minister), the Vicechairman and federal ministers?

12.Who is the head of the Government of the Russian Federation?

13.What is represented by the system of courts?

14.Who heads the Security Council?

18. Combine the whole information of the previous lessons and make a topic about the RF political system.

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READING

1. Read and translate the following international words:

2. Read and translate the text. While reading the text try to find answers to these questions:

-What the USA federal courts do you know?

-What is the head of the judicial power in the USA?

THE USA FEDERAL COURT SYSTEM

The U.S. judicial system is a system of related judicial and administrative authorities. These authorities administer justice in the United States and manage courts. The judicial branch consists of the Supreme Court and the lower federal courts, including the Courts of Appeal (also known as Circuit Courts or Appellate Courts), federal district courts, bankruptcy

courts, and courts of federal claims.

Federal courts also have appellate jurisdiction over state laws when challenged on constitutional grounds, and jurisdiction over cases involving more than one state, citizens of more than one state, or foreign parties. The courts of the federal judiciary hear both civil and criminal cases appealed from state courts. Their original jurisdiction covers cases relating to patents, trademarks, claims against the federal government, bankruptcy, financial securities, maritime law, and international claims.

The United States is divided into 12 districts, or circuits, and within each are federal district courts, which are trial courts. There are 94 federal districts courts in the USA. They handle with both civil and criminal cases, but they have jurisdiction only in certain disputes: when a federal law is at issue, when the USA is a party to the lawsuit, when one state is suing another state, when a resident of one state is suing a resident of another state and more than $50 000 is involved.

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Federal district court judges are appointed by the president for life, but they can be impeached by the House of Representatives.

There are also 12 circuit courts of appeal in the federal system, one for each circuit or district. They try cases from the district courts, as well as the special jurisdiction courts. If a district court issues a ruling against a person, he or she can file an appeal with the appellate court of his or her circuit. If the court of appeals agrees with the decision of the district court, then last avenue of appeal is to the U.S. Supreme Court.

The U.S. Supreme Court is the highest court in the country. It has nine justices, who appointed by the president to serve for life. It considers cases from the highest court of each state, involving a constitutionality question; the U.S. Court of Appeals; and the U.S. Court of Customs and Patent Appeals. The Supreme Court’Ь decision is final. Most of the cases heard before the Su-

preme Court come by the way of a petition from individuals asking that the Court hear arguments for a case previously tried in a lower court. Only two types of cases may originate in the U.S. Supreme Court: those in which a state government is one of the parties and those involving ambassadors and foreign officials.

Members of the armed services who commit a violation of military laws are under the jurisdiction of the military justice system. For example, service people who desert or disobey orders can be ordered by their commanding officers to face a courtmartial.

Vocabulary notes:

1.courts of federal claims –

2.case –

3.to cover –

4.trademark –

5.securities –

6.maritime law –

7.circuit –

8.trial court –

9.to challenge –

10.to handle with –

11.certain –

12.lawsuit –

17.to agree –

18.decision –

19.justice –

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20.to consider –

21.Court of Customs and Patent Appeals –

22.ambassador –

23.commit a violation –

24.to disobey an order –

VOCABULARY WORK

3. Find in the text the English equivalents for the following Russian wordcombinations given below:

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

4. Match the words on the left with the suitable attributes on the right:

5. Find synonyms for the following words:

6. Complete the text using the proper words or phrases in the box and then translate them:

The head of the judicial power is the _______. It consists of the________ and eight Associate Justices appointed for life by the _________ with the approval by the Senate. One of the most important duties of Justices is to decide where laws passed by the _________ agree with the

Constitution. If the Supreme Court decides that _________ does not give Congress the power to pass a certain law, the Court declares the law ____________. Such a law cannot be enforced by the President and his executive officers.

The ___________ has only appellate jurisdiction. It works in the District of Columbia and ten_________ into which the country has been divided.

Text II

7. Read and translate the text. Then agree or disagree with the statement:

- Courts in the United States are subdivided into two principal systems: the federal courts, referred to as United States courts, and the state courts.

STATE COURTS

Each state has an independent system of courts operating under the constitution and laws of the state. The character and names of the courts differ from state to state, but as a whole they have general jurisdiction and handle criminal and other cases that do not come under federal jurisdiction.

The state court systems include a number of minor courts with

limited jurisdiction. These courts dispose of minor offenses and relatively small civil actions. Included in this classification are police and municipal courts in cities and the courts presided over by justices of the peace in rural areas.

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Municipal, town, village, small-claims or police courts adjudicate local matters. The criminal cases handled by these courts are usually limited to traffic violations. In civil cases these courts usually hear cases involving matters that do not exceed a few thousand dollars in claims or awards.

Between the lower courts and the supreme appellate courts, in a number of states, are intermediate appellate courts. Courts of last resort, the highest appellate tribunals of the states in criminal and civil cases and in law and equity, are generally called supreme courts. Some courts hear only specific disputes – for example, juvenile courts, tax courts or probate courts.

In some states, judges are publicly elected, in others they are appointed, by state governors or by special bodies such as judicial councils – though except at the lowest levels only lawyers are eligible for election or appointment. Some judges hold office for fixed periods, but others are installed for life or up to a retiring age; or there may be provision for «recall».

3.offense –

4.to preside over –

5.justice of the peace –

6.rural area –

11.equity –

12.juvenile court –

13.tax court –

14.probate court –

15.state governor –

16.judicial council –

17.eligible –

18.to install –

VOCABULARY WORK

8. Find in the text the English equivalents for the following Russian wordcombinations given below:

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1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

9. Match the English and Russian equivalents:

10. Find synonyms for the following words:

11. Match each of the following types of court with explanation of what happens there:

12. Complete the text using the proper words or phrases in the box and then translate them:

The lowest courts in the federal system are the

____________ with about two hundred district judges. These courts handle both civil and ___________. By the

__________ they are required to give a jury trial in all cases except civil cases involving less than twenty dollars.

The district courts have original jurisdiction in all cases. Criminal cases are tried by a __________ sitting with a jury. The __________ must hear the evidence, the speeches of prosecuting counsel and defending counsel and then reach a unanimous _________ as to whether the accused is guilty or not of the _______ he is charged with. Each state of the USA has at least one district court. And each court has from one to twenty four judges.

Besides, all the states have their own courts, including a ___________, superior courts and local courts. In most states the lowest courts are the magistrates or

_________.

13. Using the words from the list, label the picture. Then match each word with the definitions:

the accused, court reporter, witness, policeman, jury, judge, defence lawyer, prosecutor, junior defence lawyer

1.somebody who has been charged with committing a crime

2.a professional who decides how a criminal should be punished

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