Сидоркина Е.В. Английский язык для юристов. Ч. 1

3. Read and translate the text. Then answer the following questions:

-What countries make up the UK?

-What is the origin of terms England, Wales and Scotland?

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is situated on the British Isles. The United Kingdom is a political, not a geographical, term. The British Isles consist of two large islands: Great Britain and Ireland, and about five thousands small islands.

The United Kingdom is one of the world's smallest countries. Their total area is over 244 100 square kilometers. Its population is over 57 million. About 80 percent of the population is urban. The United Kingdom is made up of four countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. Their capitals are London, Cardiff, Edinburgh and Belfast respectively. The term England means the land of the Angles, people from continental Germany, who began to invade Britain in the 5th century.

Wales is a term applied by the English, meaning «strangers» or «foreigners». «SМШt- ХКЧН» МШЦОЬ ПЫШЦ Scoti, the Latin name for the Gaels.

The British Isles are separated from the Continent by the North Sea, the English Channel and the Strait of Dover. The western coast of Great Britain is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Irish Sea. The surface of the British Isles varies very much. The north of Scotland is mountainous and is called Highlands. The south, which has beautiful valleys and plains, is called Lowlands. The north and west of England are mountainous, but the eastern, central and south-eastern parts of England are a vast plain. Mountains are not very high. Ben Nevis in Scotland is the highest mountain (1343 m). There are a lot of rivers in Great Britain, but they are not very long. The Severn is the longest river, while the Thames is the deepest and the most important one. The mountains, the Atlantic Ocean and the warm waters of the Gulf Stream influence the climate of the British Isles. It is mild and wet the whole year round.

Britain is rich with minerals, especially tin, lead, iron and coal. The UK is a highly developed industrial country. It produces and exports machinery, electronics, textile. One of the chief industries or the country is shipbuilding.

The United Kingdom is the birthplace of William Shakespeare, Isaac Newton, Charles Dickens, Agatha Christie and many other famous people.

Vocabulary notes:

1.to be situated –

2.island –

3.urban –

4.to make up –

5.to invade –

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10.valley –

11.plain –

12.Lowlands –

14.deep –

15.important –

16.to influence –

17.mild –

18.tin –

19.lead –

20.coal –

21.developed –

22.shipbuilding –

VOCABULARY WORK

4. Find in the text the English equivalents for the following Russian wordcombinations given below:

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

5. Make some word-combinations from the following words:

1.island

2.uninhabited, tropical, coral, north

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

1+2

1. country

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2. mountainous, developing, advanced, foreign

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

1+2

1.population

2.local, civilian, rural, urban

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

1+2

1.area

2.central, total, surface, residential

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

1+2

6. Find synonyms for the following words:

7. Complete the text using the proper words in the box and then translate

them:

Geographically Scotland may be divided into three major regions: the

_________, the Southern Uplands, and the Central Lowlands.

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Edinburgh is the ________ of Scotland. It is a ________ for people who like to

walk. It is a busy modern city, but history is everywhere. At the top of the highest

СТХХ ТЬ EНТЧЛЮЫРС ИИИИИИИИИИ. IЭ аКЬ ЭСО СШЦО ШП SМШЭХКЧН’Ь ЫШвКХ ПКЦТХв Юntil 1603.

GХКЬРШа ТЬ SМШЭХКЧН’Ь ЦШЬЭ ЩШЩЮХШЮЬ МТЭв КЧН ЭСО ЭСТЫН ХКЫРОЬЭ

in the British ________. As a __________ it enjoyed a favorable position for

trade with North America.

The ________ is the most important part ШП SМШЭХКЧН’Ь ЧКЭТШЧКХ НЫОЬЬ. It is a traditional, knee-length piece of woolen clothing worn by the Scottish male

________

National instrument of Scotland is called ____________.

Text II

8. Read and translate the text. Then answer the following questions:

-What parts is London divided into? What are they?

-What are the most famous attractions of London?

LONDON

London is the capital of the United Kingdom, its political, economical and cultural center. It is one of the world’s most important ports and one of the largest cities in the world. London was founded by the Romans, who named it Londinium. It is situated on the river Thames.

Traditionally London is divided into four main parts: the City, Westminster, the East End and the West End.

City is the oldest part of London. Many banks, offices, trusts, firms are concentrated there. Here you can see the Bank of London, the Stock Exchange and the Lloyds, one of the most famous insurance companies in the world.

You can visit some interesting places in the City or near it. One of them is the Tower of London. The Tower of London was a fortress, a palace, a prison and the royal treasury. Now it is the museum. This historic building was founded by William the Conqueror in 1087. There are always black ravens in the Tower of London. People look after them as they be-

lieve that London will be rich while ravens live there. People, who protect the Tower of London, are called Beefeaters. The name «Beefeater» comes from when the Queen gave them meat, not money, as their pay. Close by the Tower of London are St. PКЮХ’Ь Cathedral and Tower Bridge.

Westminster is another central and important part of London. Most governmental buildings are situated there. On the left bank of the Thames is Westminster Palace, famous as the Houses of Parliament. It is the seat of the British Parliament. The Clock Tower with the hour-bell called «Big Ben» is known over the world.

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The Houses of Parliament constitute perhaps the most popular and widely spread image of London, known and recognized throughout

the whole world. In this famous palace are also many meeting halls and various parliamentary offices. The Palace of Westminster, together with Victoria Tower and the Clock Tower form an unmistakable architectural complex.

Westminster Abbey is a very large Gothic church in this part of London. It contains unique monuments and works of art. Many famous statesmen, painters and writers are buried there. Nearly all English kings and queens have been crowned in Westminster Abbey.

Buckingham palace is the official residence of the British monarch. It has 775 rooms, including own post office, police station and cinema.

The West End is the richest part of London, the symbol of wealth and luxury. There are a lot of theatres, museums and concert halls there.

The central square of London is called Trafalgar. It was named in memory of Admiral Nelson's victory in the battle of TrafalРКЫ ТЧ 1805. TСО ЭКХХ NОХЬШЧ’s Column

stands in the middle of the square. On the north side of the Trafalgar Square is the National Portrait Gallery. Not far away is the British Museum – the biggest museum in London. It contains a priceless collection of ancient manuscripts, coins and sculptures. Piccadilly Circus is the centre or night life in the West End.

The East End is the poorest part of London. All factories, mills, workshops and docks are concentrated there.

Vocabulary notes:

3.Stock Exchange –

4.insurance –

5.fortress –

6.palace –

7.prison –

8.treasury –

9.raven –

10.to protect –

11.governmental –

13.to constitute –

14.church –

15.to contain –

16.statesman –

17.to bur –

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21.battle –

22.ancient –

23.coin –

24.poor –

25.mill –

26.workshop –

VOCABULARY WORK

9. Find in the text the English equivalents for the following Russian wordcombinations given below:

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

10. Find antonyms for the following words:

11. Find in the texts words or phrases which mean the following:

1.the interesting places in a town or city that are often visited by tourists;

2.a building or a place that has been made stronger and protected against at-

tack;

3.a place where money are kept in a palace or castle;

4.the number of people living in a particular country;

5.a piece of metal that is used as money;

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6.a piece of land surrounded by water;

7.a ceremonial guard at the Tower of London;

8.a political or government official.

COMPREHENSION

12. Write the words from the box in the appropriate section below:

13. Say if the following statements are true or false. Comment on the true statements and correct the false ones:

1.The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is situated on the British Isles.

2.Belfast is the capital of Scotland.

3.The Severn is the longest river in Great Britain.

4.Piccadilly Circus is located in the City.

5.London was founded by the Romans.

6.London is situated on the banks of the Potomac River.

7.Westminster palace is the official residence of the Queen.

8.Big Ben is the biggest clock bell in Britain.

9.The West End is the richest part of London.

10.Heathrow is the biggest and busiest airport in London.

11.The Tower of London now is a prison.

12.SЭ. PКЮХ’Ь CКЭСОНral is a very large Gothic church in Westminster.

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14. Remember the names of these UK attractions:

15. Choose the correct alternative in each case to complete the sentence:

1. In Trafalgar Square you can find ___________.

a)Big Ben

b)Westminster Abbey

c)NОХЬШЧ’Ь CШХЮЦЧ

d)Buckingham Palace

e)London Eye

2. The East End is the___________ part of London.

a)poorest

b)richest

c)oldest

d)biggest

e)smallest

3) Buckingham Palace is the residence of___________.

a)the Home Secretary

b)the Queen

c)the Prime Minister

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d)Beefeaters

e)Sherlock Holmes

4)Sherlock Holmes lived in __________. a) Downing Street

b) Fleet Street c) Whitehall d) Baker Street e) Green Street

5)London was founded by __________. a) Greeks

b) Frenchmen c) Romans

d) German tribes e) Celts

6)The Tower of London is a ___________ now. a) prison

b) theater c) museum d) fortress

e) royal castle

7)The capital of Wales is __________. a) London

b) Belfast c) Cardiff d) Liverpool e) Glasgow

8)Shamrock is a symbol of ________. a) Ireland

b) Scotland c) England d) London e) Wales

9)The commercial and business part of London is called ___________. a) The West End

b) The Westminster c) The East End

d) Scotland Yard e) The City

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10) Hercule Poirot was invented by________.

a)Arthur Conan Doyle

b)Agatha Christie

c)Charles Dickens

d)Edgar Allan Poe

e)Thomas Mayne Reid

DISCUSSION

15. Answer the following questions:

1)What is the official title (name) of the UK?

2)What countries make up the UK?

3)What is the origin of terms England, Wales and Scotland?

4)What islands is the UK situated on?

5)АСКЭ ТЬ ЭСО МШЮЧЭЫв’Ь ЩШЩЮХКЭТШЧ?

6)What is the capital of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland?

7)What is the United Kingdom washed by?

8)How can you characterize the surface of the British Isles?

9)What is the climate of Great Britain?

10)What are Britain`s chief industries?

11)What famous British people do you know?

12)Where is London situated?

13)What parts is London divided into?

14)What are the most famous ancient buildings of London?

16. Combine the whole information of the previous lessons and make a topic about the UK geography and sights.

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