Сидоркина Е.В. Английский язык для юристов. Ч. 1

2)«He was getting angrier by the minute. He said he was not going to let me

make a fool of him and then he took out a gun. I was astonished. He started waving it around and shouting. I turned to run away and he shot me in the leg».

3)«I apprehended Mr. Swan on Standish Lane, a few minutes from a scene of shooting. AЭ ЭСО ЭТЦО ШП СТЬ КЫЫОЬЭ СО СКН 1000 £ КЧН К СКЧНРЮЧ ШЧ СТЬ ЩОЫЬШЧ. HО

was very distressed, but made no attempt to resist arrest».

4)«I was on my way home from the pub when I saw two men arguing. They seemed to be talking about money. They were very angry and both of them were

shouting. I was not really listening to be honest. Suddenly I heard a shot. When I looked round one of them was lying on the floor and the other had disappeared».

5)«I went out to the bank at the end of the afternoon to deposit the money in my business account, but I arrived too late and the bank was closed. I kept the money with me when I went out that night. I did not want to leave it in the office overnight: we have had a couple of burglaries recently. I was carrying the gun for my own pro-

tection. It is licensed. When he attacked me I panicked. It was self-defence».

6)«MКЫФ ЫКЧР ЦО ПЫШЦ ЭСО ЩЮЛ КЭ КЛШЮЭ 7 Ш’МХШМФ. HО ЬКТН ТЭ РШЧО ЯОЫв аОХХ.

I supposed he meant that the deal had gone through. He could not tell me on the phone. He said he was going to close up the office and go round to the bank».

7)«This is a very serious crime, and all the more shocking as it is committed by a man with a comfortable position in society. I find myself with no choice but to sentence you to eight years in prison. Had your victim not survived, which may be

due as much too poor marksmanship as compassion, you would have found yourself facing a far longer sentence».

8)«We find the defendant guilty as charged».

9)«You have heard that Mr. Barry was a habitual criminal, whereas my client was a respected local businessman. Does it seem to you probable that a respectable

person, someone like yourselves, would go out with a gun to collect debts as me learned friend suggests»?

14. Answer the following questions:

1. What is the lowest English court in a civil action? 2. What is the highest court in the country?

3. What judges sit in the County Court?

4. What is the function of the High Court with its three branches? 5. What is the basic judicial organ for criminal cases in England? 6. What do letters JP mean?

7. Where are indictable offences tried?

8. What can you say about jurors?

9.Are the Law Lords elected by people?

15.Combine the whole information of the previous lessons and make a topic about the UK judicial system.

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READING

2. Read and translate the text:

WHAT IS A COURT?

A court is a tribunal established to administer justice under the law. It may decide civil disputes or criminal cases. A court may award damages or administer punishment for crimes. Courts vary in authority (jurisdiction) from justice of the peace and small claims courts to the Supreme Court.

There are two different levels of courts: courts of first instance and second instance. Any court may sit as a court of first instance. A court in which a case is first heard is called the court of first instance. A court of original jurisdiction examines a case in substance and brings in a sentence or decision. A court of second instance examines appeals and protests against sentences and decisions of courts of first instance.

There are two types of courts: courts of original jurisdiction and arbitration courts. Arbitration courts consider only economic crimes. There are courts of constituent entities, intermediate courts and the Supreme Arbitration Court.

The Supreme Arbitration Court is the highest judicial body for settling economic disputes and other cases examined by courts of arbitration.

Courts of original jurisdiction are district courts, justices of the peace; courts of constituent entities and the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation. The Supreme Court is the highest judicial body for civil, criminal, business and other cases.

District courts are courts of appellate jurisdiction. Justices of the peace can be courts of first instance. Courts of constituent entities are courts of second instance in relation to district courts. The district court is the basic judicial body. It tries both criminal and civil cases. It is also the duty of the district courts to protect the electoral rights of citizens.

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There is the Constitutional Court. It ensures that laws or normative acts passed by the local legislative branches are constitutional.

In all courts cases are tried in public. The hearing of cases in closed session is allowed only in exceptional cases.

2.to award damage –

3.to administer punishment –

4.to bring in a sentence –

5.settling –

7.electoral rights –

8.to ensure –

VOCABULARY WORK 3. Translate the following words into Russian:

1.a trial, a trial court, to try

2.a judge, a trial judge, a judgment

3.judicial, judiciary, jurisdiction

4.justice, to administer justice

5.a law, lawful, lawless, unlawful, a lawyer, a law-violator, a law-offender, a law-breaker, a lawmaker, a lawgiver, a law-book

5. Find synonyms for the following words given below:

1.a sentence

2.a defendant

3.to defend

4.a court of second instance

5.to create

6.a code

7.a violation of law

8.to appeal

9.a criminal

10.a court of first instance

11.a court

12.legal

13.to be subordinate

14.a reassessment

(lawful, a guilty person, a decision, to protect, a law-book, an accused, to establish, an appellate court, to lodge a protest, a trial, a judgment, a breach of law, a codex, an accomplice of a crime, a court of original jurisdiction, to obey, a tribunal, a reconsideration, to make a protest, to complain).

Text II

6. Read and translate the text:

JUDICIAL SYSTEM AND THE SUPREME COURT

OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

The existing judicial system of the Russian Federation was formed and is developed as a result of a judicial reform. This reform was carried out in Russia from the beginning of the 90s. Its purpose was to create and maintain the judicial power in the state mechanism as an independent branch of power. The Constitution of the Russian Federation of 1993 became the main legal basis for the introduction of the judicial reform.

Independent, competent law court is an important component of a democratic state based on a rule of law. So the state power in the Russian Federation should be exercised on the basis of its division into legislative, executive and judicial powers. All these branches of power should be independent.

The structure of the judicial system of the Russian Federation and the sphere of activities of its various parts are determined by the Constitution and federal constitutional laws.

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The judicial system of the Russian Federation consists of:

-the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation and constitutional courts of constituent entities;

-four-tiered system of courts of general jurisdiction.

Three-tiered system of the military courts is an integral part of it. The Supreme Court of the Russian Federation is the supreme judicial body of this branch;

- three-level system of arbitration courts with the Higher Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation as a supreme judicial body. The system of the arbitration courts comprises:

arbitration courts of the subjects of the Russian Federation; courts of arbitration districts and the Higher Arbitration Court.

The system of general jurisdiction courts has the following structure:

The first tier comprises all general jurisdiction rayon (district) courts - city, intermunicipal and equal to them - acting on the territory of Russia.

Middle tier of general jurisdiction courts includes the Supreme Courts of the republics, kray (regional), oblast (provincial) courts, city courts of Moscow and St.- Petersburg, courts of autonomous provinces and autonomous districts.

The main tier of military courts is the military courts of armies, garrisons and military formations.

The middle tier of military courts consists of military courts of the branches of the Armed Forces, military districts, districts of antiaircraft defence, navy and separate armies.

The Supreme Court of the Russian Federation is the supreme judicial body for all courts of general jurisdiction, both civil and military.

Courts of general jurisdiction: of kray, oblast, city, of autonomous oblast and autonomous districts act as higher instance courts for rayon courts.

The Supreme Court of the Russian Federation is the supreme judicial body for civil, criminal, administrative and other cases under the jurisdiction of courts of general jurisdiction. The Supreme Court of Russian Federation has the right of the legislative initiative. It is a cassation instance in relation to the federal courts of general jurisdiction of republics or oblast.

The Supreme Court of the Russian Federation supervises legality, validity and substantiality of sentences and other decisions of courts of lower level.

The Supreme Court of the Russian Federation is composed of its Chairman, first deputy and deputies of the Chairman, the justices of the Court and PОШЩХО’Ь Кs-

sessors.

Vocabulary notes:

3.purpose –

4.to maintain –

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8.integral –

9.to comprise –

10.antiaircraft НОПОЧ О –

11.navy –

12.separate –

13.in relation to –

14.substantiality –

15.to compose –

16.PОШЩХО’Ь КЬЬОЬЬШЫЬ –

VOCABULARY WORK

7. Make word partnership with the verbs on the left (A) and the words or phrases on the right (B):

8. Translate into English and complete the sentences:

tries settles

The court determines administers sits

brings in

9. Match the words with the correct definition:

10. Choose the correct alternative in each case to complete the sentence:

1.The basic judicial body in Russia is the_________. a) district court

b) city court

c) Supreme Court

d) Constitutional Court

e) court of constituent entity

2.At the top of judicial system of Russia stands the _______. a) district court

b) city court

c) Supreme Court

d) Constitutional Court

e) court of constituent entity

3.A court is _______ .

a)an institution

b)an formation

c)a unit

d)a tribunal

e)a session

4. District courts deal with _________.

a)criminal cases

b)civil cases

c)administrative cases

d)civil and criminal cases

e)economic crimes

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5. Any court may sit as a court of ___________.

a)second instance

b)lower court

c)higher courts

d)first instance

e)appellate court

11. Work out vocabulary to the subjects:

-Judicial system

-The system of general jurisdiction courts

-The Supreme Court

DISCUSSION

12. Read these short texts, choose one of them and write down all possible questions to make a short conversation:

1)The reestablishment of the institute of Justices of the Peace in Russia in 2000 is an important step in the course of development of the judicial and legal reform. This reform provides for more operative and accessible judicial protection for the citizens of the country. The law entrusts the Justices of the Peace with functions and duties equal for all the judges of Russia: to exercise justice observing precisely and strictly the requirements of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, generally recognized rules, norms and principles of the international law and international agreements concluded or joined by the Russian Federation. The Justices of the Peace are included into the structure of general jurisdiction courts and participate in the work of its bodies.

2)Courts of general jurisdiction: of kray, oblast, city, of autonomous oblast and autonomous districts act as higher instance courts for rayon courts. They are empowered to examine cases as a first instance court in the order of cassation, by way of supervision and upon newly discovered evidence. They work in the following composition: presidium of the court, judicial panel for civil cases and judicial panel for criminal cases.

3)The Supreme Court of the Russian Federation is the supreme judicial body for civil, criminal, administrative and other cases under the jurisdiction of courts of general jurisdiction. It carries out judicial supervision over their activities according to the federal law-envisaged procedural forms and provides clarifications on the issues. It heads the judicial system of general jurisdiction and acts as a court of first instance for cases of special importance or special public interest. The law determines a category of cases which are included in the sphere of activities of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation as a court of first instance.

13.Combine the whole information of the unit and make a topic about courts in Russia.

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