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Министерство образования и науки РФ Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования

Сибирский государственный автомобильно-дорожный университет (СибАДИ)

СибАДИТ. . Воробец, Е.В. Гердт, Г.Н. Мусагитова, М.А. Федорова

ПЕРЕВОД ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНО-ОРИЕНТИРОВАННЫХ ТЕКСТОВ ПО ПРОФИЛЮ ВУЗА (СИБАДИ)

TRANSLATION OF PROFESSIONAL TEXTS ON

ENGENEERING SPECIALITIES OF SIBADY

Уче ное пособие

Омск – 2018

Make up one sentence with new words, connected with automobile sphere.

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4. Read and translate the text.

THE AUTOMOBILE TRANSPORT FACULTY

The students of this faculty are trained in the following qualifications: Automobile Transport, Electrical Equipment, Internal Combustion Engines, Cargo Transportation, Professional Education and Traffic Regulation.

СThe students of the first four qualifications study the structure of vehicles and their parts. Each motor vehicle consists of a number of units and parts: body chassis, steering system, engine, gearbox and electrical equipment. The students also study the parts of these units: different steering gears, brakes, bearings, tires, axles, springs, valves and lubrication system.

иAll these are studied both theoretically while, listening to the lectures, and practically in workshops of the academy. Besides, the students have practice at automobile enterprises and in field conditions. They are taught to drive cars and trucks.бАEach student should know not only the models of homemade automobiles but also those of foreign ones.

In order to train competent engineers, the latter are taught motor-car maintenance and operation and repair. The students also study various kinds of fuels and greases used in operation of vehicles. The graduates with these qualifications work at various motor-car enterprises, maintenance departs, service stations, vehicle repair shops as engineers, mechanics and technologists. Some graduates work as managers at motor–car enterprises therefore the students listen to the course of lectures on principles of organization, planning and management.

One cannot work successfully in sphere of transport without knowing the principles of organization of safety traffic. Traffic Regulation concerns with planning the direction and control of vehicular and pedestrian traffic on highways and streets. The traffic engineers also concern with traffic

The students of this qualification should know classification of motorways and streets, traffic rules, numerous types of intersections and junctions and road signs. The latter are divided into four groups: warning, prohibitory, directional and indicator signs. The students of this qualification are also acquainted with operation and maintenance of the motor vehicles and after graduating from the academy work as state traffic inspectors.

Professional Education is the speciality of future teachers, lecturers and scientists who will work in the sphere of higher education and train future automobile engineers. That’s why the students of this qualification should know all theoretical and practical subjects studied at this faculty very well.

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5. Answer the questions.

1. What qualifications are the students of the automobile transport faculty trained in?

Safety traffic, workshops of the academy, state traffic inspectors, homemade automobiles, the structure of vehicles, traffic engineers.

1.The students of the first qualification study ... and their parts.

2.All these are studied both theoretically while listening to the lectures and practically in... .

3.Each student should know not only the models of ... but also those of foreign ones.

4.One cannot work successfully in sphere of transport without knowing the principles of organization of....

5.The ... also concern with traffic characteristics, regulations, traffic-control devices and environmental improvements.

6.After graduating from the academy the students of the second qualification work as....

7.Put verbs in brackets in correct forms (present passive indefinite /present active indefinite).бА

1.The automobile transport faculty (to train) the students in two qualifications.

2.Each motor vehicle (to divide) into a number of units and parts.

3.The structure of motor vehicle (to study) by the students in details.

4.Each motor vehicle (to consist) of steering gears, body, chassis, axles, wheels, brakes, springs and so on.

5.The students (to study) the structure of automobile both theoretically and practically.

6.Each student (to know) foreign and homemade models of automobile.

7.Besides, the students of the faculty (to study) motor-car maintenance and operation and repair. И

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8. After graduating from the academy the graduates (to offer) the work at various motor car enterprises.

9. The faculty (to train) also the specialists for traffic regulation. 10. It (to deal) with planning and control for traffic.

11. Traffic characteristics, regulations and traffic-control devices (to teach) at the faculty.

С12. Knowing classification of roads and streets, traffic rules and road signs (to connect) with the qualification.

13. (there be) different types of road signs.

14. The students of this qualification also (to concern) with operation and иmaintenance of motor vehicles.

8. Guess the meaning of the following words:

a)basing on their phonetic and graphic similarity with the Russian words:

automobile, trolleybus, locomotive, funicular, transit, tunnel;

b)basing on the known English words:

propulsion, single-decker, double-decker, railway, monorail.

9. Read the text and complete the scheme after it.

бА An automobile, motor carДor car is a wheeled vehicle used for

KINDS OF VEHICLES

transporting passengers, which also carries its own engine. Most definitions of the term specify that automobiles are designed to run primarily on roads,

to have seating for one to eight people, to typically have four wheels, and to be constructed principally for the transport of people rather than goods. However, the term “automobile” is far from precise,Иbecause there are many types of vehicles that do similar tasks. Around the world, there were about 806 million cars and light trucks on the road in 2007; they burn over 260 billion gallons of gasoline and diesel fuel yearly. The numbers are increasing rapidly, especially in China and India.

A truck (US) or lorry (GB) is a motor vehicle designed to transport cargo. Trucks/lorries vary greatly in size, power and configuration, with the smallest being mechanically similar to an automobile. Commercial trucks/lorries can be very large and powerful, and may be configured to mount specialized equipment, such as in the case of fire trucks and concrete mixers and suction excavators. Modern trucks are powered by either gasoline or diesel engines, with the latter dominant in commercial applications.

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A van is a kind of vehicle used for transporting goods or groups of people. It is usually a box-shaped vehicle on four wheels, about the same width and length as a large automobile, but taller and usually higher off the ground, also referred to as a light commercial vehicle. However, in North

America, the term may be used to refer to any truck with a rigid cargo body fixed to the cab, even up to large sizes. In the UK usage, it can be either Сspecially designed or based on a saloon/sedan car, the latter type often

including derivatives with open backs (such as pick-up trucks). There are vans in all shapes and sizes, ranging from the classic van version of the tiny Mini to the five meter long variants of the Mercedes Sprinter van. Vehicles larger than this are classified as lorries (trucks).

иdecker buses and articulated buses, and smaller loads carried by midibuses and minibuses. A luxury, long distance bus is called a coach. A bus is

A bus (archaically also omnibus, multibus, or autobus) is a road

vehicle designed to carry passengers. A bus seats a maximum of 8 to 300

passengers. Buses are widely used public transportation. The most common

around theбАworld.

type of bus is the single-decker bus, with larger loads carried by double-

powered by a combustion engine, although early buses were horse drawn and there were experiments with steam propulsion. Trolleybuses use overhead power lines. The trolleybus can be seen as a branch of, and a parallel development to, the conventional bus. In parallel with the car industry bus manufacturing is increasingly globalised, with the same design appearing

A bicycle, also known as a Дbike, push bike or cycle, is a pedal-driven, human-powered vehicle with two wheels attached to a frame, one behind the

other. Bicycles were introduced in the 19th century and now number about one billion worldwide, nearly twice as many as automobiles. They are the

principal means of transportation in many regions. They also provide a popular form of recreation, and have been adaptedИfor such uses as children’s

toys, adult fitness, military and police applications, courier services, and competitive sports.

A train is a connected series of vehicles for rail transport that move along a track (permanent way) to transport cargo or passengers from one place to another. The track usually consists of two rails, but might also be a monorail or maglev guideway. Passenger rail transport is the conveyance of passengers by means of wheeled vehicles specially designed to run along railways. Trains allow high capacity on short or long distance, but require track infrastructure and stations to be built. Propulsion for the train is provided by a separate locomotive, or from individual engines in selfpropelled multiple units. Urban rail transit consists of trams, light rail, rapid transit, people movers, commuter rail and funiculars.

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A tram, tramcar (GB), trolleycar, or streetcar (US) is a railborne vehicle, of lighter weight and construction than a conventional train, designed for the transport of passengers (and, very occasionally, cargo) within, close to, or between villages, towns and/or cities, on tracks running primarily on

streets. Certain types of cable car are also known as trams. They have higher capacity than buses, but must follow dedicated infrastructure with rails and Сwires either above or below the track, limiting their flexibility. Tramways

with tramcars (or street railways with streetcars) were common throughout the industrialised world in the late 19th and early 20th centuries but they had disappeared from most British, Canadian, French and U.S. cities by the mid20th century. Light rail is a modern development of the tram, with dedicated right-of-way not shared with other traffic, step-free access and increased speed.

иcapacity and frequency, and grade separation from other traffic. Rapid transit systems are typically either in tunnels or elevated above street level. Outside

A rapid transit, metro(politan), subway, underground, or elevated

people quicklyбАover short distances with little land use. Variations of rapid transit include people movers, small-scale light metro and the commuter rail hybrid S-Bahn.

railway system is an electric passenger railway in an urban area with high

urban centers rapid transit lines sometimes run grade separated at ground

level. Service on rapid transit systems is provided on designated lines

between stations using electric multiple units on rails, although some systems

use magnetic levitation or monorails. Rapid transit is faster and has a higher

capacity than trams or light rail, but is not as fast or as far-reaching as

commuter rail. It is unchallenged in its ability to transport large amounts of Д

Commuter rail is part of an urban area’s public transport; it provides

center. Compared to rapid transit, commuter rail has lower frequency, following a schedule rather than fixed intervals, and fewer stations spaced further apart. They serve lower density areas, and often share right-of-way with intercity or cargo trains.

faster services to outer suburbs and neighboring towns and villages. Trains stop at all stations, that are located to serveИa smaller suburban or town

A funicular, also known as a funicular railway, incline, inclined railway, inclined plane, or cliff railway, is a cable railway in which a cable attached to a pair of tram-like vehicles on rails moves them up and down a steep slope. A conventional train could never travel up such a steep incline because the steel train wheels do not have enough traction against steel rails. To climb mountains trains have to go up tracks that spiral around the mountain or go through many switchbacks. The funicular conquers these problems in a very elegant way. At any one time one car is balancing the weight of the other. The descending car’s weight helps pull the ascending car

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up the mountain, and the ascending train keeps the speed of the descending train from going out of control. There is still an engine powering the pulley but it only has to provide enough force to overcome the difference in weight between the two cars (the weight of the passengers) and to overcome the friction in the system.

10. Say whatбАthe basis of classification in this scheme was. Think of other ways of classification.

11. Explain the difference between the following vehicles:

12. Look through the table representingИthe parallel development of different vehicles and say what kind of vehicles brought inventions into use earlier. Give your reasons for it if possible.

HISTORY

Although Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot is often credited with building the first self-propelled mechanical vehicle in about 1769, by adapting an existing horse-drawn vehicle, this claim is disputed by some historians, who doubt

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