What Does the Large Hadron Collider Do?

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is currently being installed in a 27-kilometer ring buried deep below the countryside on the outskirts of Geneva, Switzerland. It started its operation in 2007, and became the world’s most powerful particle accelerator. During the experiments, high-energy protons in two counter-rotating beams are smashed together in a search for signatures of super symmetry, dark matter and the origins of mass.

The beams are made up of bunches containing billions of protons. Traveling at a whisker below the speed of light they are injected, accelerated, and kept circulating for hours, guided by thousands of powerful superconducting magnets.

The experiments’ detectors will watch carefully as the energy of colliding protons transforms into thousands of exotic particles. The detectors could see up to 600 million collision events per second, with the experiments trying to obtain the data for signs of extremely rare events such as the creation of the much-sought Higgs boson.

Виберіть правильний варіант.

1. The Large Hadron Collider is a powerful ___.

a) laser b) particle accelerator c) atomic power plant

2. The LHC is built in ___.

a) Switzerland b) France c) America

3. During the experiments, the beams of high energy ___ collide.

a) molecules b) protons c) electrons

4. The scientists try to observe the creation of ___.

a) Dirac’s positron b) Rutherford’s atom c) Higgs boson

Граматика. Особливості перекладу пасивних конструкцій.

В англійській мові пасивний стан вживається частіше, ніж в українській. Існує декілька випадків, коли переклад присудка у пасивному стані становить певні труднощі.

1. Якщо у пасивному стані є носій дії (by somebody), то при перекладі можна вживати особову форму дієслова в активному стані:

The news is brougt by my sister. – Новину принесла моя сестра.

2. Якщо присудок у пасивній конструкції виражений дієсловом з прийменником, то підмет перекладають додатком з відповідним прийменником, а присудок – неозначено–особовою формою дієслова.

The doctor was sent for. – Послали за лікарем.

The child is being looked after. – За дитиною доглядають.

Запам’ятайте дієслова з прийменником!

to look for – шукати	to wait for – чекати
to look through – переглядати	to pay attention to – звертати увагу на
to work on – працювати над	to listen to – слухати
to refer to – посилатися на	to rely on – покладатися на

3. Безособові конструкції перекладають наступним чином:

It is known that ... – Відомо, що ...	It is expected that ... – Чекають, що ...
It is said that ... – Говорять, що ...	It should be mentioned that ... – Слід згадати, що ...

Вправа 3. Перекладіть речення. Зверніть увагу на дієслова, які потребують після себе прийменника.

1. He was listened to with great attention. 2. The child was looked for everywhere. 3. The documents were sent for a week ago. 4. Her children will be taken care of. 5. She is always waited for. 6. Tsiolkovsky’s works are often referred to at present. 7. He doesn’t like to be laughed at. 8. The results of the last experiment were constantly referred to by the professor.

Вправа 4. Поставте дієслово в дужках у необхідному часі.

1. The inventor of the radio, Popov, (to be born) in 1859. 2. The work (to be done) by students at the laboratory. 3. The mother (to be told) not to worry about her sick boy. 4. He (to be examined) soon by the doctor. 5. It (to be called) Pussy, but my little sister (to call) it Push. 6. Great progress (to be made) in radio engineering since that time. 7. The first two–electrode valve (to be make) in 1904. 8. Great progress (to be achieved) in the field of electronics. 9. I (to be given) a kitten last week.

Вправа 5. Розкрийте дужки та поставте дієслова у Passive Voice.

1. Soon he (to send) to a sanatorium. 2. The book (to discuss) at the next conference. 3. The compo­sition must (to hand) in on Wednesday. 4. Yester­day he (to tell) to prepare a speech. 5. The article (to publish) last week, if I am not mistaken. 6. The lectures (to attend) by all of us. 7. A taxi (to call) fifteen minutes ago, so we are expecting it any moment. 8. The young man (to introduce) to me only a couple of hours ago, but it seems to me that I’ve known him for years.

Вправа 6. Передайте речення у Passive Voice.

1. They broke the window last week. 2. When I came home, they had eaten the sweets. 3. We will do the work in the evening. 4. He wrote this book in the 19th century. 5. They were playing tennis from four till five. 6. They have made a number of important experiments in this lab­oratory. 7. Livingstone explored Central Africa in the 19th century. 8. By the middle of autumn we had planted all the trees in the orchard. 9. They will stage this play at the beginning of the next season. 10. They have forgotten the story.

Вправа 7. Перекладіть речення англійською.

1. Вже послали за ліками? – Так, їх зараз шукають. 2. Його виховала сестра. 3. Не турбуйся, йому допоможуть в роботі. 4. Нажаль, в нашому районі вирубують багато дерев. 5. Цей міст ще будується. Він вже будувався, коли я побачив його вперше. 6. Коли файл копіювався, раптом виключили електрику. 7. Коли я прийду додому, обід ще буде готуватись. 8. Це явище широко обговорювалось у науковій пресі.

Домашнє завдання

Вправа 8. Трансформуйте речення з активного у пасивний стан. Пере-кладіть речення.

1. They deliver all the mail at half past nine. 2. This engineer is writing the letter in English. 3. William taught this group of children. 4. The students will buy the theatre tickets next week. 5. They have published this booklet. 6. They had built this block of flats by the end of the year. 7. Mary was writing the article for the journal from five till eight. 8. Everybody knows you. 9. Everyone hears our broadcasts. 10. We will have finished the work by Saturday.

Вправа 9. Назвіть номери речень, присудок яких стоїть у пасивному стані.

1. May 7, 1895 has entered the history of science as the date of the invention of radio. 2. In 1938 the first TV station came into being in Moscow, but the war stopped the development of television. 3. The international exchange programmes will be developed still further in future. 4. Some powerful radio stations have recently been built in the northern regions. 5. Much attention is being paid to the development of three-dimensional television.

Вправа 10. Виберіть правильний переклад присудка.

1. The machine tool measures its production itself.

2. The machine tool will measure its production itself.

3. The part is measured with great accuracy.

a) виміряли; b) виміряє; c) виміряється; d) буде виміряти.

4. The builders are planning to build the road.

5. The building of the road is being planned.

6. The building of the road was being planned.

a) планується; b) планують; c) спланували; d) планували.

7. The tests have been carried out well.

8. The tests were being carried out well.

9. The tests are being carried out well.

а) виконуються; b) виконувались; c) виконані; d) будуть виконані.

Вправа 11. Складіть розповідь про свій факультет з використанням активних слів та виразів.