Переклад розширень (Broadening paragraphs)

Існує п'ять видів розширень:

1. Розширення ознак винаходу, які зазвичай розміщуються перед описом креслень.

2. Розширення варіантів винаходу, які поміщаються, як правило, безпосередньо перед формулою винаходу, наприклад:

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the disclosed valve assembly without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention.	Професіоналам в цій галузі техніки буде зрозуміло, що в описаному клапані можуть бути виконані різноманітні модифікації та зміни, не відходячи від обсягу та суті винаходу.
Other embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the invention being indicated in the following claims.	Інші варіанти здійснення винаходу будуть зрозумілі спеціалістам в галузі техніки під час розгляду опису винаходу та його застосування на практиці, яке було тут розкрито. Мається на увазі, що опис та приклади треба розглядати тільки як примірники, обсяг та суть винаходу будуть визначені у наступній формулі.

3. Розширення термінів, яке може зустрічатися по всьому детальному опису.

4. Розширення більшою мірою властиві описам патентів США, ніж Великобританії, де роль цих розширень відіграє omnibus claim, тобто дуже великий пункт патентних позовів, викладений у формулюванні “винахід, описаний вище” або “прилад, як він в основному зображений на кресленнях” (тільки для Великої Британії).

5. Розширювальні фрази, які можуть зустрічатися по всьому опису.

Ex.3. Translate into Ukrainian the following expressions which serve as indicators of the features of the invention:

1) An objective (object) of the present invention

2) In accordance with one feature of the invention

3) further in accordance with this objective

4) additional features, advantages and objectives of the invention will be set forth in the description

5) the invention is directed towards...

Ex.4. Translate the following terms:

1) ratio controller 8) the appended claims

2) a hydrostatic transmission 9) accompanying drawings

3) continuously variable ratios 10) in the cited U.S. patent applications

4) input versus output speeds; 11) practice of the invention

5) swashplate 12) hydraulic pump unit

6) seal 13) hydraulic motor unit

7) high fluid pressures 14) valve assembly

Ex.5. Translate into Ukrainian paying particular attention to the words in bold.

1. An objective of the present invention is to provide an improved ratio controller for controlling a hydrostatic transmission to achieve continuously variable ratios of input versus output speeds.

2. A further objective of the present invention is to provide an improved ratio controller for effectively controlling the rate of ratio change of a continuously variable hydrostatic transmission in response to speed command signals.

3. An additional objective of the present invention is to provide an improved ratio controller for changing the swashplate angle in continuously variable hydrostatic transmissions of the type disclosed in the cited U.S. patent applications.

4. Further in accordance with these objectives, the present invention provides a method for controlling input-to-output speed ratio of a continuously variable hydrostatic transmission having a swashplate operatively positioned between a hydraulic pump unit and a hydraulic motor unit.

5. Additional features, advantages, and objectives of the invention will be set forth in the description that follows and in part will be apparent from the description, or may be learned from practice of the invention.

6. The objectives and advantages of the present invention will be realized and attained by the apparatus and method particularly pointed out in the following written description and the appended claims, as well as in the accompanying drawings.

7. A further objective of the present invention is to provide a valve assembly that is effectively locked in a closed position by the high fluid pressures it is intended to seal against, thereby reliably preventing unintentional opening of the valves.

Ex.6. Give Ukrainian equivalents of the following expressions addressed to those skilled in the art:

1. It is well known…

2. It will (should) be understood that …

3. It will be readily apparent that …

4. As is clear from the drawings…

5. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art…

6. Those skilled in the art should fully appreciate that…

7. Obviously,…

8. It will (would) be obvious to one skilled in the art…

9. It is to be understood that…

10. Obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art…

Еx.7. Translate the following terms:

1) the scope or spirit of the invention;

2) embodiments of the invention;

3) modifications and variations;

4) within the scope of the following claims;

5) exemplary and explanatory;

6) in conjunction with;

7) to pertain

8) disturbances

9) appended claims

10) within the scope of the appended claims

Ex.8. Translate the following broadening paragraphs into Ukrainian paying attention to the expressions in bold:

1. At this point, those skilled in the art should fully appreciate that the present invention provides a method for reacting to disturbances that occur in an industrial process.

2. Obviously, numerous modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in view of the teachings herein.

3. From the invention thus described, it will be obvious that the invention may be varied in many ways.

4. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the spirit and scope of the invention, and all such modifications as would be obvious to one skilled in the art are intended to be included within the scope of the following claims.

5. It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following general description are exemplary and explanatory and are intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed.

6. While the present invention has been described with reference to the accompanying drawings and to certain examples, various modifications will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

7. These and other objects and advantages are accomplished in accordance with the present invention as will hereinafter become apparent to one skilled in the art to which the invention pertains from the appended claims and from a reading of the following detailed description in conjunction with the attached drawings.

8. The above description should be considered as that of the preferred embodiment only. The true spirit and scope of the present invention will be determined by reference to the appended claims and it is desired to include within the scope of the appended claims all such modifications and applications of the invention that are obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art.

Ex.9. Speak about the translation of the background of the invention and the brief speak summary of the invention.