Importance of Teaching Reading and Different Essential Reading Strategies

Rakhimova M.B.- 1^st course master degree 6M011900 Foreign language: two foreign languages

Scientific adviser: Abdrakhimova G.B.

Key words: reading strategies, phonemic awareness, phonics, vocabulary, fluency, comprehension, component, competence, linguistic competence, discourse competence, sociolinguistic competence, strategic competence

Аңдатпа: Оқылым сөйлеу әрекетінің ішіндегі маңыздыларының бірі болып есептеледі. Қазіргі таңда шет тілін оқыту процесінде оқылымды үйрету өзекті мәнге ие. Оқылым – бұл сөйлеу әрекетінің жазбаша қарым-қатынас орнататын ең маңызды түрі екендігі анық. Оқылымға үйрету процесі тұлғаны қалыптастыруға үлкен әсер етеді. Себебі, оқу арқылы студенттер интеллектуалдық және рухани тұрғыдан дами түседі. Сонымен қатар, оқу арқылы студенттер жаңа лексикамен танысып, грамматикалық дағдыларын қалыптастырады. Оқылым сөйлеу әрекетінің рецептивті түрі болып саналады. Себебі,оқылым ақпаратты түсіну және қабылдаумен байланысты. Шет тілі мұғалімдері студенттерді мәтіндерді оқып, түсіну және түсінігін айтуға үйрету міндеттерін алға қоюлары қажет. Оқылымға үйрету барысында студенттер қызығушылықтарында ескерген жөн.

Abstract: Reading is the most important independent type of speech acts, which provides a written form of communication. Reading is considered a receptive type of speech acts, since it is associated with the perception and understanding of information encoded by graphic signs. Effective reading is essential for success in acquiring a second language. After all, reading is the basis of instruction in all aspects of language learning: writing, speaking, revising, developing vocabulary and acquiring grammar.

This article is devoted to importance of teaching reading and different essential strategies based on the five components of reading (Phonemic Awareness, Phonics, Vocabulary, Fluency, Comprehension) which foreign language teachers must teach their students.

Reading is a key component of learning a second language and it is without a doubt important as a language does not consist solely of the spoken word. Reading is the receptive skill in the written mode. On the other hand, reading is a complicated process, which is why so many students have difficulties in acquiring this skill. It is well known that forming speaking and writing both in native and in foreign languages ​​is directly related to the ability to read, and pedagogical practice shows that it is reading that becomes the basis for the development of other types of speech acts. Practice shows that a student who is good at reading is good at speaking and writing too [1].

There are many benefits to developing excellent reading skills in the target language.

One benefit is the culture that one gains by reading in the target language.  Through reading, students gain access to literature written in the target language. This literature shows the students what authentic materials in the target language look like as well as provides them with insight into the cultural beliefs and values. 

Another benefit of reading is that it is entertaining and educational, can open up new worlds and enrich your life.

A third benefit of reading is that it develops different competences in the language. First of all, reading develops linguistic competence. It means that students can gain knowledge about specific elements of language such as vocabulary and grammar. Secondly, discourse competence is developed through reading. Students are exposed to the structure of texts and how they are put together. Moreover, students are able to gain sociolinguistic competence which helps students to learn about different texts and structures in the target language and just how those are used in a particular culture. Finally, reading is beneficial in developing strategic competence. Students gain insight into different linguistic learning strategies. For example, a top down strategy might be emphasized, where students would use the general meaning of a text to determine its specifics. A bottom up strategy, on the other hand, would focus on the specifics, such as specific words, and work its way up towards the general meaning.

These are five important components which teachers must know in order to teach effective reading.