- •Ф едеральное агентство по образованию
- •Английский язык
- •Unit I engineering
- •I. Read the title of the text and recollect everything you now about engineering and the profession of an engineer. Discuss your answers with a partner.
- •II. Discuss the following questions with a partner.
- •III. Read the text and decide if the following questions correspond to the information in the text.
- •Engineering
- •IV. Give Russian equivalents to the following English words and word combinations.
- •V. Match a word in a with its synonym in b:
- •VI. Read the text again and find English equivalents to the following Russian words and word combinations.
- •VII. Match the words with their definitions:
- •VIII. Are these statements true or false? Correct the false ones with the right information from the text and discuss your answers with a partner.
- •IX. Give your definition of the term “engineering”.
- •X. Talk about the profession of an engineer from memory using these prompts:
- •XI. Surf the Internet and find new information about the profession of an engineer. Make a note of it and bring your notes to the class.
- •Text b Science
- •I. Read the text about mechanical engineering and find answers to the following
- •I. Read the text about history of mechanical engineering and find answers to the following questions:
- •I. Make a comment on the quotations given below.
- •II. Answer the following questions:
- •Industrial Revolution
- •Text b Steam power
- •Unit II technological processes
- •I. Read the text and decide if the following questions correspond to the information in the text.
- •Technological Process
- •II. Find English equivalents to the following Russian words in the text:
- •III. Match the word from two columns with its antonym:
- •IV. Match the words with their definitions:
- •V. Are the statements true or false? Correct the false ones with the right information from the text and discuss your answers with the partners.
- •VI. Talk about technological processes using following prompts:
- •VII. Chose one of the technological processes and find more information about it by means of the Internet.
- •I. Read the texts and decide if the following statements correspond to the information in the texts or not.
- •II. Read the texts again. Which text a or b does the information correspond to?
- •I. Read the text and give the answers to the questions.
- •Electric discharge machining
- •Unit III Machine Tools
- •I. Read the text and decide if the following questions correspond to the information in the text.
- •II. Match a word in a with a word in b:
- •III. Match a word in a with its synonym in b:
- •IV. Read the text again and find English equivalents to the following Russian words and word combinations:
- •V. Match the words with their definitions:
- •VI. Work in pairs. Discuss which sentence in b best continues the sentence in a.
- •VII. Talk about machine tools according to the plan:
- •Text a Lathe
- •I. Read the text about lathes and find answers to the following questions.
- •Text b Grinding machine
- •I. Read the text about grinding machines and find answers to the following questions.
- •Text c Milling Machine
- •I. Read the text about milling machine and find answers to the following questions.
- •History of Machine Tools
- •Unit IV metals
- •I. Discuss the following questions in class.
- •II. Read the text and decide if the following questions correspond to the information in the text or not.
- •III. Find English equivalents to the following Russian words and word combinations.
- •IV. Match the words from two columns to make word combinations. Each word can be used only once:
- •V. Match the word from two columns with its synonym:
- •VI. Are the statements true or false? Correct the false ones with the right information from the text and discuss your answers with the partners.
- •VII. Answer the questions.
- •VIII. Put the sentences in the right order according to the text. Use them as a plan for retelling.
- •I. Read the text. Give the appropriate heading to every part of the text.
- •II. Say whether the following statements are true or false. Correct the false statements.
- •III. Answer the questions.
- •I. Discuss the following questions in class.
- •II. Read the text, answer the questions.
- •Unit V Automation
- •Automation
- •IV. Give Russian equivalents to the following English words and word combinations:
- •V. Match a word in a with its synonym in b:
- •VI. Read the text again and find English equivalents to the following Russian words and word combinations:
- •VII. Match the words with their definitions:
- •VIII. Are these statements true or false? Correct the false ones with the right information from the text and discuss your answers with a partner.
- •I Read the text about types of automation and find answers to the following questions:
- •Types of Automation
- •Unit VI casting
- •I. Read the text and circle the information that is not mentioned in the text.
- •II. Match the words with the Russian equivalents:
- •IV. What meaning do the following prefixes add? Find another example for each of these prefixes. Share them with the whole class.
- •V. Find the word in the text that has the similar meaning to the following.
- •VII. Discuss with your partner which sentence in b best continues the sentence in a.
- •VIII. What do the numbers refer to?
- •IX. Talk about casting from memory using these prompts:
- •I. You are going to read the text about cast defects. For the questions choose the answers
- •II. Surf the Internet and find some other cases of casting defects. Make a note of them and bring your notes to the class. Unit VI I ammunition
- •I. Read the text and circle the information that is not mentioned in the text.
- •Text b Rifle
- •II. Discuss with your partner which sentence in b best continues the sentence in a.
- •Unit VIII computers
- •I. Match the computer parts with the words below:
- •II. Make a list of people who use computers. What do they use them for?
- •III. Read the text Personal computers and circle the information that is not mentioned in the text.
- •Personal computers
- •IV. Match the words with the Russian equivalents:
- •V. Look at the groups of words below. Which is the odd one out in each group?
- •VI. Match the words with their definitions:
- •VIII. Discuss with your partner which sentence in b best continues the sentence in a.
- •IX. What do these numbers refer to?
- •X. Talk about computers from memory using these prompts.
- •II. Look at these words from the text. Write h (hardware), p (peripheral), s (software) or m (measurement) next to each one.
- •III. Work in pairs. Look at the chart and compare the two computers. Use fast, slow, cheap, expensive, big, small.
- •I. Skim through the following text to get the general idea of the meaning. Do not worry about words you do not know. Choose a suitable title for the text.
- •The computer and its uses
- •Unit IX the system of quality control
- •I. Discuss the following questions in class.
- •II. Read the text and decide if the following questions correspond to the information in the text or not.
- •III. Find English equivalents to the following Russian words and word combinations in the text.
- •IV. Match the words with their definitions. Translate these words into Russian.
- •V. Are the statements true or false? Correct the false ones with the right information from the text and discuss your answers with the partners.
- •III. Say whether the following statements are true or false. Correct the false statements.
- •I. Read the text and give the answers to the questions.
- •Essential vocabulary Unit I Engineering
- •Unit II Technological process
- •Unit III Machine tool
- •Unit IV Metals
- •Unit V Automation
- •Unit VI Casting
- •Unit VII Ammunition
- •Unit VIII Computers
- •Unit IX The system of quality control
- •Сontent
Unit III Machine Tools
Part I
I. Read the text and decide if the following questions correspond to the information in the text.
1. What are machine tools used for?
2. What is a machine shop?
3. What are the basic parts of the lathe?
4. What operations can the lathe perform?
5. How are machine tools classified?
6. What does the name of a machine tool indicate?
7. What operations can a milling machine perform?
8. What gave rise to the development of machine tools?
9. How can machine tools be powered?
10. What is a grinding machine used for?
Machine tool is a stationary, power-driven machine used to cut, shape, or form materials such as metal and wood. Machine tools date from the invention of the steam engine in the 18th century; most common machine tools were designed by the middle of the 19th century. Today dozens of different machine tools are used in the workshops of home and industry. They are frequently classified into seven types: turning machines such as lathes; shapers and planers; power drills or drill presses; milling machines; grinding machines; power saws; and presses.
Machine tool is a power-operated tool used for finishing or shaping metal parts, especially parts of other machines. An establishment that is equipped with such tools and specializes in such work is known as a machine shop. Machine tools operate by removing material from the workpiece, much as a sculptor works. A classic description of how a sculptor works says that the sculptor takes a block of marble and removes everything that does not look like the statue in mind. Most machine tools work the same way, removing metal a little at a time until the part the designer had in mind is all that is left.
The tools themselves vary in size from hand-held devices that can be used for drilling and grinding to large stationary tools that perform a number of operations. Many machine tools have a name that indicates their principal function, e.g., drill press, broach machine, milling machine, and jig borer. The lathe can perform turning, facing, threading, drilling, and other operations. In order to withstand the great heat that this work generates, the materials used in machine tools must be extremely hard and durable. Thus, their working surfaces are made of such substances as high-speed steels, sintered carbides, and diamonds. To help dissipate the heat, the area of contact between the working surface and the workpiece is usually lubricated with a fluid that may also improve the finish of the workpiece’s surface. Modern machine tools are often numerically or computer controlled. A numerically controlled machine is more reliable and accurate.
A machine tool is a powered mechanical device, typically used to fabricate metal components of machines by machining, which is the selective removal of metal. The term machine tool is usually reserved for tools that used a power source other than human movement, but they can be powered by people if appropriately set up.
Machine tools can be powered from a variety of sources. Human and animal power are options, as is energy taken through the use of waterwheels. However, machine tools really began to develop after the development of the steam engine, leading to the Industrial Revolution. Today, most are powered by electricity.
Machine tools can be operated manually, or under automatic control. Early machines used flywheels to stabilize their motion and had complex systems of gears and levers to control the machine and the piece being worked on. Soon after World War II, the NC, or numerical control, machine was developed. In the 1960s, computers were added to give even more flexibility to the process. Such machines became known as CNC, or computerized numerical control, machines. NC and CNC machines could precisely repeat sequences over and over, and could produce much more complex pieces than even the most skilled tool operators.
Before long, the machines could automatically change the specific cutting and shaping tools that were being used. For example, a drill machine might contain a magazine with a variety of drill bits for producing holes of various sizes. Previously, either machine operators would usually have to manually change the bit or move the workpiece to another station to perform these different operations. The next logical step was to combine several different machine tools together, all under computer control. These are known as machining centers, and have dramatically changed the way parts are made.
From the simplest to the most complex, most machine tools are capable of at least partial self-replication since they are machines, and produce machine parts as their primary function.