4.The program produced after the source program has been converted into machine code is referred to as an object program or object module. This is done by a computer program called the compiler, which is unique for each computer.

5.The compiler is a systems program which may be written in any language, but the computer’s operating system is a true systems program which controls the central processing unit, the input, the output, and the secondary memory devices. Another systems program is the linkage editor, which fetches required systems routines and links them to the object module. The resulting program is then called the load module, which is the program directly executable by the computer. Systems programs being the part of the software, they are usually provided by the manufacturer of the machine.

XII. Read sentence 3 of passage 1 and divide it into sense groups. State the dependency relations between them.

XIII. Generalize information about programming languages. Fill in the table.

XIV. Read passage 4 and define the connectors in the sentences.

XV. Which sentence corresponds to the content of the text?

1.Instructions for computers are written in one of the high-level languages.

2.FORTRAN is the language used for solving only scientific problems.

3.The compiler is a system program which is written only in COBOL.

4.The load module is the program directly performed by the computer.

XVI. In passage 5 pay attention to the sentences describing three system programs of the computer. Translate the passage.

4.3.Причастие I, II и герундий

I.Point out Participle I and Perfect Participle in the passive form:

a)1ing, 2ed, having been 3ed, being 4ed, having 5ed;

b)having been 6ed, 7ing, 8ed, having 9ed, being 10ed;

c)being 11ed, having 12ed, 13ing, 14ed, having been 15ed;

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d)having 16ed, 17ing, 18ed, being 19ed, having been 20ed;

e)21ed, having been 22ed, being 23ed, having 24ed, 25ing;

f)26ing, having been 27ed, 28ed, being 29ed, having 30ed;

g)31ed, 32ing, having 33ed, having been 34ed, being 35ed.

II. Find active and passive forms of the participles:

a)having 1ed, have 2ed, being 3ed, be 4ed, has 5ed;

b)had 6ed, 7ing, have been 8ed, being 9ed, having 10ed;

c)has been 11ed, be 12ed, having been 13ed, had been 14ed, 15ing;

d)had been 16ed, 17ed, having 18ed, has 19ed, is 20ed;

e)are 21ed, be 22ed, being 23ed, having 24ed, have 25ed;

f)was 26ed, to be 27ed, having been 28ed, 29ing, has 30ed;

g)were 31ed, be 32ed, is 33ing, had 34ed, 35ed.

III. Using the tables on pages 104 and 105 in each line find the forms meaning:

а) когда делается (p. 104):

1ing, having 2ed, having been 3ed, being 4ed, be 5ed, have 6 ed, have been 7ed, being 8 ed, are 9 ed, 10ed;

b) после того как был сделан (p. 105):

1ing, having 2ed, having been 3ed, being 4ed, be 5ed, have 6ed, have been 7ed, having been 8ed, has been 9 ed, had been 10ed.

IV. Find Participle I and Perfect Participle in a) active, b) passive forms. Give their Russian equivalents:

а) translating; having translated; having been translated; being translated writing; having written; having been written; being written; asking; having asked; having been asked; being asked; finishing; having finished; having been finished; being finished;

b) receiving; having received; having been received; being received; doing, having done; having been done; being done; calling; having called; having been called; being called; learning; having learnt; having been learnt; being learnt.

V.Find Participle I, state its function and give their Russian equivalents.

1.They are developing a new method now. 2. The linking networks were maintained by the company. 3. Being familiar with the problem he didn’t find it interesting. 4. Not knowing the topic well, he got confused. 5. They have been

experiment, the lab assistant put down all the necessary data. 8. The quantity of flowing electricity is directly related to the formula presented.

VI. Give the Russian equivalents of the following parts of sentences with Participle II.

Indirectly heated cathode; specifically targeted files; the data used is consistent; images drawn dates back to; is a collection of stored operational data; data used by all

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the application systems, files are replaced by organized collection; as seen, these engines; when heated, the polymer.

VII. Find the similarities and differences in the parts of sentences in bold. Give the Russian equivalents of the sentences.

1. The performed work showed good results. 2. Heated glass is plastic. 3. The received message said that the experiment had been completed. 4. They saw the broken tubes in the laboratory. 5. They saw overturned tables and chairs and pieces of broken glass all over the room. 6. An eavesdropper trying to intercept the key would be found out. 7. Most QKD systems are currently restricted to tightly controlled lab conditions. 8. The discovery mentioned remained unknown to the world for a long time. 9. The results received changed with material used. 10. When carried, the television channels transmitted better pictures.

4.3.1. Сравнение функций причастия I и герундия

1 После глаголов, выражающих начало, продолжительность или конец действия: continue, cease, start, etc.

Герундий может иметь перед собой:

–предлог, e.g.: with;

–притяжательное местоимение my (our, your, his, her, its, their) xing;

–существительное в притяжательном падеже Tom’s xing.

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I. State the Gerund in the active/passive forms.

1ing, being 2ing, having 3ing, have 4ed, has been 5ing, having been 6ed, of 7ing, to have been 8ing, 9ing, having been 10ed, to 11, to 12ing, 13ed, have 14ing, having been 15ed.

II. Give the Russian equivalents of the following parts of sentences. Pay attention to the form of the Gerund.

1) to avoid making mistakes; 2) to deny not having done the work; 3) excuse my coming here so late; 4) to forgive his interfering; 5) to go on making a presentation; 6) to keep insisting on her continuing the project; 7) to stop conducting the research; 8) not to mind consulting an expert; 9) could not help trying again; 10) can not put off doing these calculations.

III. Find differences and similarities of the structures in bold. Give the Russian equivalents of the following sentences.

a)He does not like being told what to do. Telling the truth helps everybody.

b)He likes being asked for his expert advice.

The initial difficulties of asking for the necessary information were overcome.

c)He was charged with having committed plagiarism. Committing a bill always leads to difficulties.

d)He was afraid of being informed about system failure. Informing the team on time leads to a more effective work.

e)Not knowing what to do, they stopped the process.

I know every research in the field that is worth being known.

f)There is no hope of his finishing the project on time.

I called him to say about my having completed the project.

IV. Find the Gerund, define its features. Give the Russian equivalents of the following sentences.

1. The user selects the commands by simply looking at the blinking arrows on the screen. 2. Using video cameras, the robot studies its surroundings before planning its movements. 3. This new method shakes up conventions, but is definitely helping children to learn better, because at this age touching is one of their most developed senses and comes naturally. 4. Apple had initially been accused of infringing on six patents for iPhone-related technology covering everything from reducing signal noise to programming the device’s touch screen. 5. The potential is boundless, according to some educational specialists, they see it as a way of providing students in the developing world with access to the international educational ladder. 6. This rapidly expanding method is catching on, but with a high drop-out rate is it really up to replacing the on-campus experience? 7. Conceptually it’s possible for you to organize your life in such a way as you can move around all the things you might want to do without having to stand in a queue line, and you can do that from your sitting room.

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