- •English for chemical engineers (английский язык для инженеров-химиков)
- •Содержание
- •Введение
- •Unit 1 what is engineering?
- •1. Read and translate the international words
- •2. Read and translate the verbs
- •3. Match the English word combinations in column a to their Russian equivalents in column b
- •4. Read and translate
- •5. Answer the questions
- •6. Read and translate
- •8. Translate the following Russian sentences into the English language
- •9. Watch the video "Chemical Engineers" and answer the questions using the link:
- •10. Find the Russian equivalents for the following phrases
- •11. Find the English equivalents for the following phrases
- •12. Translate the following English text into the Russian language
- •13. Translate the following Russian sentences into the English language
- •14. Translate the following words and word combinations
- •1. Read and translate the international words
- •2. Read and translate the verbs
- •4. Read and translate
- •5. Answer the questions
- •6. Read and translate
- •7. Find the Russian equivalents for the following physical and chemical properties
- •8. Find the English equivalents for the following physical and chemical properties
- •9. Read, translate and learn by heart
- •10. Read the following Greek letters
- •11. Read and translate the following units of physical properties
- •13. Learn the following mathematical expressions by heart
- •13. Read and translate the sentences
- •14. Read the sentences using the example in the table
- •15. Read the mathematical expressions in the English language
- •16. Watch the video “System of Equations”
- •17. Describe the following physical equations using the example below:
- •18. Translate the following Russian sentences into the English language
- •19. Переведите в быстром темпе
- •Unit 3 chemistry
- •1. Read and translate the international words
- •2. Read and translate the verbs
- •4. Read and translate
- •5. Answer the questions
- •7. Complete the statements
- •8. Translate the following Russian text into the English language
- •9. Match the laboratory glassware in Figure 3. 1 with theirs English equivalents
- •10. Translate the following Russian sentences into the English language
- •11. Imagine that you are the head of the laboratory. Describe its equipment and glassware.
- •12. Read and translate
- •13. Practice in pairs. Make a list of questions about different subjects you study at the university including mathematics, physics and chemistry for your groupmate. Then take turns to ask each other.
- •Fig. 3.1 Laboratory glassware
- •Chemical elements, compounds and properties
- •1. Read and translate the international words
- •2. Read and translate the verbs
- •4. Read and translate
- •5. Decide whether the statements below are true or false according to the information in exercise 4
- •6. Answer the questions
- •7. Read the following text and make a brief report in Russian
- •8. Find the Russian equivalents for the following phrases
- •9. Find the English equivalents for the following phrases
- •10. Look at periodic table and read all elements using the examples below:
- •11. Answer the questions
- •13. Translate the following Russian texts about chemical elements into the English language:
- •14. Choose any element from the periodic table and describe its properties.
- •15. Give the English equivalents for the following chemical elements
- •16. Read the examples of chemical compounds and reactions
- •17. Read the following text and retell it in Russian
- •18. Translate the following Russian sentences into the English language
- •19. Read and translate
- •20. Look at the diagram “Chemical Elements in the Earth’s Crust” and read the description
- •Fig. 4.3 Chemical elements in the Earth’s crust
- •21. Look at the table “Atmospheric composition”, draw a pie chart and write its description using the example in Exercise 20.
- •Unit 5 analytical chemistry methods
- •1. Read and translate the international words
- •2. Read and translate the verbs
- •4. Read and translate Analytical Chemistry
- •Instrumental Methods
- •5. Answer the questions
- •6. Read and translate
- •7. Read and translate the text into the English language using the diagrams of atomic force microscope
- •13. Read the text using the terminology from exercise 12 and describe the main principles of conductometry in the English language
- •15. Translate the following sentences into the English language
- •16. Read and translate
- •Unit 6 nanomaterials and nanotechnology
- •1. Read and translate the international words
- •2. Read and translate the verbs
- •4. Read and translate Nanoengineering
- •5. Answer the questions
- •7. Read and translate
- •8. Read and translate
- •9. Find the English equivalents for the following phrases
- •10. Find the Russian equivalents for the following phrases
- •12. Read and briefly retell the content of the topic in the Russian language Advantages of Nanotechnologies
- •Utility fog
- •Phased-array optics
- •13. Using the information from exercises 11 and 12 prepare and write a review about the advantages and disadvantages of nanotechnology.
- •14. Translate the following sentences into the English language
- •15. Read and translate
- •Unit 7 food engineering and food technology
- •1. Read and translate the international words
- •2. Read and translate the verbs
- •4. Read and translate
- •5. Answer the questions
- •6. Read and translate
- •7. Read and translate
- •8. Find the English equivalents for the following phrases
- •9. Find the Russian equivalents for the following phrases
- •11. Find the information on the following food preservation processes and describe them in the English language
- •12. Translate the following sentences into the English language
- •15. Read and translate
- •Industrial equipment: fractionation
- •1. Read and translate the international words
- •2. Read and translate the verbs
- •4. Read and translate
- •5. Decide whether the statements below are true or false according to the information in exercise 4
- •6. Find the English equivalents for the fractionation process components listed below. Describe the fractionation process
- •7. Read and translate
- •8. Read and translate
- •9. Read and translate
- •10. Find the English equivalents for the following phrases
- •11. Find the Russian equivalents for the following phrases
- •12. Answer the questions
- •13. Translate the following sentences into the Russian language
- •14. Translate the following sentences into the English language
- •15. Read and translate
- •Industrial equipment: heat exchange
- •1. Read and translate the international words
- •2. Read and translate the verbs
- •3. Match the English word combinations in column a to their Russian equivalents in column b
- •4. Read and translate
- •5. Choose the Russian equivalents for the types of heat exchangers
- •7. Decide whether the statements below are true or false according to the information in exercises 4 and 6
- •8. Read and translate
- •9. Read the text and name the main characteristics of plate and tube heat exchangers in the English language
- •10. Find the English equivalents for the following phrases
- •12. Answer the questions
- •13. Read and translate
- •14. Read and translate
- •15. Read and translate
- •Unit 10
- •Industrial equipment: pumping
- •1. Read and translate the international words
- •2. Read and translate the verbs
- •3. Match the English word combinations in column a to their Russian equivalents in column b
- •4. Read and translate
- •5. Decide whether the statements below are true or false according to the information in exercise 4
- •6. Read and translate
- •7. Read and translate
- •8. Find the English equivalents for the following phrases
- •9. Find the Russian equivalents for the following phrases
- •10. Answer the questions
- •11. Read and translate
- •12. Read and translate
- •13. Read and translate
- •Unit 11 process flow sheet: petroleum refining
- •1. Read and translate the international words
- •2. Read and translate the verbs
- •4. Read and translate
- •5. Decide whether the statements below are true or false according to the information in exercise 4
- •6. Look at figure 11.1. Translate the components of oil refinery flow sheet and learn them by heart.
- •7. Read and translate the following text using figures 11.2 – 11.4.
- •8. Read and translate
- •9. Find the English equivalents for the following phrases
- •9. Find the Russian equivalents for the following phrases
- •10. Answer the questions
- •11. Read and translate
- •12. Read and translate
- •13. Read and translate
- •Unit 12 presentation skills
- •1. Read and translate the international words
- •2. Read and translate the verbs
- •3. Match the English word combinations in column a to their Russian equivalents in column b
- •4. Read and translate
- •5. Decide whether the statements below are true or false according to the information in exercise 4
- •6. Read the text
- •7. Read and translate
- •8. Place the following expressions in the appropriate column in the table below
- •10. Read and translate
- •11. Create a presentation following the requirements
- •Библиография
5. Decide whether the statements below are true or false according to the information in exercise 4
Coking units use hydrogen to desulfurize naphtha from atmospheric distillation.
Alkylation unit converts linear molecules to higher-octane branched molecules for blending into gasoline or feed to alkylation units.
Wastewater collection and treating systems are used to make discharge water suitable for reuse or for disposal.
Visbreaking unit upgrades heavy residual oils by thermally cracking them into lighter, more valuable using hydrogen.
Desalting is the first process of oil refinery.
6. Look at figure 11.1. Translate the components of oil refinery flow sheet and learn them by heart.
Fig.
11.1. Oil refinery flow sheet
7. Read and translate the following text using figures 11.2 – 11.4.
Before the actual refining begins, the stored heavy crude oil is cleaned of contaminants such as salts and water. This clean crude feedstock is heated first by heat exchanger, then, secondly, by piping through a furnace which heats the crude oil even more. Oil is injected from this furnace into the flash tower. The high temperature produces the chemical splitting of the crude oil into petroleum gas and remaining liquid.
Fig. 11.2. Petroleum
stabilization
All the produced substances are removed from the flash tower; the petroleum gas completes its refining time there; the liquid is sent to the atmospheric tower (fractionating tower). In the fractionating tower the liquid is subjected to further heating that causes it to “fractionate”.
Thus the following substances (lightest to heaviest or from the top of the tower to the bottom) are produced: straight run gasoline, kerosene distillate, light gas oil or diesel distillate and residuum. The residuum is called mazut. Products are collected according to their density, with the least dense products such as straight run gasoline being taken off closer to the top of the fractionating tower, with the heavier materials such as the diesel distillate being taken off closer to the tower’s bottom.
Fig. 11.3. Atmospheric fractionation
The mazut heated by another furnace is sent to a vacuum tower, where vacuum gas oil or oil fractions are extracted from it. The remaining tar leaves from the bottom of the column.
Fig. 11.4. Vacuum fractionation
8. Read and translate
На российских нефтеперерабатывающих заводах используются установки замедленного коксования. Замедленное коксование осуществляется при температуре около 500°С и давлении, близком к атмосферному. Сырье поступает в змеевики технологических печей, в которых идет процесс термического разложения, после чего поступает в камеры, в которых происходит образование кокса. Кокс удаляется из камеры и сортируется на фракции, в зависимости от размера частиц. Сверху коксовых камер уходят пары продуктов и поступают на ректификацию.
Для получения малосернистого вакуумного газойля процесс гидрокрекинга ведется при давлении до 80 атм в одном реакторе при температуре около 350°С. Продукты из реактора поступают в ректификационную колонну. Легкие фракции отгоняются в верхнюю часть колонны, а остаток поступает во второй реактор, где повторно подвергается гидрокрекингу.
Сырая нефть содержит соли, вызывающие сильную коррозию технологического оборудования. Для их удаления нефть смешивается с водой, в которой соли растворяются, и поступает на электрообессоливающую установку. Процесс обессоливания осуществляется в цилиндрических аппаратах со смонтированными внутри электродами. Под воздействием тока высокого напряжения смесь воды и нефти (эмульсия) разрушается. Вода собирается внизу аппарата и откачивается. Для более эффективного разрушения эмульсии, в сырье вводятся специальные вещества – деэмульгаторы. Температура процесса – 100-120°С.
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