11. Imagine that you are the head of the laboratory. Describe its equipment and glassware.

12. Read and translate

Химическая реакция – composition – свойство – inorganic chemistry – отличаться от – interaction – естественные науки – behavior – элементарная частица – compound – углерод – aggregates of matter – лабораторная посуда – qualitative determination – количественный анализ – surface chemistry – состоять из – to focus on – пробирка – test tube – колба – washer – воронка – evaporating bottle – пипетка – calcium chloride tube – тигель – in terms of – происходить – sampling – плавление – drying – объем жидкости – transformation – металлический – hydrogen – атом – solid state.

13. Practice in pairs. Make a list of questions about different subjects you study at the university including mathematics, physics and chemistry for your groupmate. Then take turns to ask each other.

Fig. 3.1 Laboratory glassware

Unit 4

Chemical elements, compounds and properties

1. Read and translate the international words

Atom, atomic, molecule, molecular, positive, proton, neutron, electron, ion, ionic, covalent, neutral, element, electronegativity, ionization, potential, coordination, uranium, type.

2. Read and translate the verbs

To balance, to envisage, to retain, to prefer, to form, to be paired with, to characterize, to be composed of, to contain, to be known as, to determine.

3. Match the English word combinations in column A to their Russian equivalents in column B

A	B
1. lone pair 2. oxidation state 3. covalent bond 4. valence electron 5. ionization potential 6. coordination number 7. particular ratio 8. positively charged core 9. atomic nucleus 10. positive charge 11. electrically neutral 12. to be paired with others 13. single type of atom 14. atomic number 15. in the ratio of two to one 16. angle	положительно заряженное ядро потенциал ионизации положительный заряд атомное ядро электрически нейтральный неподеленная электронная пара определенное отношение степень окисления ковалентная связь координационное число валентный электрон атомный номер в отношении два к одному один вид атома угол быть спаренным с другими

4. Read and translate

An atom is the basic unit of chemistry. It consists of a positively charged core (the atomic nucleus) which contains protons and neutrons, and which maintains a number of electrons to balance the positive charge in the nucleus. The atom is also the smallest entity that can be envisaged to retain the chemical properties of the element, such as electronegativity, ionization potential, preferred oxidation state, coordination number, and preferred types of bonds to form (e.g., metallic, ionic, covalent). Molecules are typically a set of atoms bound together by covalent bonds, such that the structure is electrically neutral and all valence electrons are paired with other electrons either in bonds or in lone pairs.

A chemical element is specifically a substance which is composed of a single type of atom. A chemical element is characterized by a particular number of protons in the nuclei of its atoms. This number is known as the atomic number of the element. For example, all atoms with 6 protons in their nuclei are atoms of the chemical element carbon, and all atoms with 92 protons in their nuclei are atoms of the element uranium.

A compound is a substance with a particular ratio of atoms of particular chemical elements which determines its composition, and a particular organization which determines chemical properties. For example, water is a compound containing hydrogen and oxygen in the ratio of two to one, with the oxygen atom between the two hydrogen atoms, and an angle of 104.5° between them.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_element