- •Рецензенты
- •Оглавление
- •Unit 1 Oil and gas origin and exploration Get acquainted with the new terminology of the unit, write down and learn new words
- •Define the following terms in English
- •Text 1 Origin of Oil and Gas
- •Ex. 5 TranslateText 1into Russian. Text 2
- •Нефти и газа
- •Exercises
- •Ex. 2 Read the text and answer the questions.
- •Ex. 3 Translate the sentences from English into Russian.
- •Ex. 4 Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •Exercises
- •Ex. 8 Find the given words in the context and translate them accordingly
- •Ex. 9 Give English equivalents for the following words and phrases
- •Ex. 10 Translate the sentences into Russian, using the active vocabulary from the previous exercises.
- •Ex. 11 TranslateText 2into English. Text 3 Oil and gas exploration
- •Exercises
- •Ex. 13 Find the equivalents in the text and learn the words.
- •Ex. 14 Give a gist of the text in 7 sentences and translate it into Russian. Ex. 15 Translate the sentences into English.
- •Ex. 16 TranslateText 3into Russian. Unit 2 Well drilling and testing
- •Text 4 The well
- •Exercises
- •Ex. 18 Translate the following words and phrases into Russian.
- •Ex. 19 Translate the sentences into English.
- •Ex. 20 Find the translation of the following expressions with the word “flow” and learn them.
- •Ex. 21 TranslateText 4into Russian.
- •Ex. 23 Fill in the gaps with given words and word combinations:
- •Ex. 24 Translate the text from the previous exercise into Russian. Text 5 Principles of Oil well Drilling
- •Exercises
- •Text 6 Well testing
- •Exercises
- •Ex. 28 Translate the sentences into English, using the active vocabulary.
- •Ex. 29Give a gist ofText 6in 10-15 sentences and translate it into Russian. Ex. 30 TranslateText 7into English. Text 7
- •Get acquainted with the new terminology of the unit, write down and learn new words
- •Exercises
- •Ex. 32 Find incorrect statements and correct them.
- •Ex. 33 Answer the questions in English.
- •Ex. 34 Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •Ex. 35 Fill in the gaps with given words and word combinations:
- •Ex. 36 TranslateText 8into English. Unit 3 Oil and gas processing
- •Text 9 Processing of Oil and Gas
- •Exercises
- •Ex. 39 TranslateText 9into Russian. Text 10 Oil refining
- •Ex. 40 Find the equivalents to the following words and expressions in the text.
- •Text 11 Переработка газа
- •Характеристика процессов переработки природного газа игазоконденсата
- •Основные направления переработки природного газа
- •Переработка первичных углеводородных газов
- •Ex. 42 Find the equivalents in the text and learn the words.
- •Ex. 43 Find possible contexts in the text where these words could be used in translation.
- •Ex. 44 Expand the given abbreviations and give their English equivalents.
- •Get acquainted with the new terminology of the unit, write down and learn new words
- •Ex. 46 Translate the sentences into English using the active vocabulary above.
- •Text 12 Flare System
- •Revision
- •Find information about oil and gas producing companies of theworld
- •Make a group discussion. You are going to have a meeting on some urgent issue. The two sides come from an environmentalist groupand
- •An Interview with the representatives of oil companies. Technology Roundtable.
- •Видите ли вы увеличение интереса добывающих компаний к пониманию того, как работают ваши продукты и услуги, и как они могут помочь им в разработкеместорождений?
- •Innovator #3, March-April 2005 "Удмуртнефть" применяет метод безогневой врезки труб
- •Innovator #33, May 2010 Orenburgneft’s New Field
- •The Sakhalin-2 Project
Exercises
Ex. 6 Match the words as they occur together in the text, translate them back into Russian and learn.
achieve |
deposit |
liquid |
rock |
oil-like |
cavity |
organic |
zone |
crude |
bubbles |
porous |
substance |
deltaic |
dome trap |
backreef |
petroleum |
crystalline |
limestone |
cavernous |
trap |
gas |
consent |
salt |
oil |
stratigraphic |
rock |
dissolved |
substance |
Ex. 7 Translate and learn the following useful terms
Быть синтезированным в лаборатории – occurrence of oil and gas – ил – oxidation – седиментация – dispersed organic matter – система рифов – limestone – песчаник – pore – резервуар-коллектор – enriched organic material
высокопористый песок – source rock – прибрежные болота – Ordovician – каменноугольный период – Tertiary time/period – глубины моря –impermeable
покрышки – trap – утечка – porosity – крупнозернистая осадочная порода – carbonate rock – циркуляция подземных вод – high-porosity rock – каверна выветривания – clay – сочиться – cost-effective – глинистая порода – saliferous rock.
Ex. 8 Find the given words in the context and translate them accordingly
Уплотнение;накоплениеслоистых пород;выжимать;приурочить;краяконтинентов;откладывать;извлекатьуглеводороды;трещина;щель;насыщать.
Ex. 9 Give English equivalents for the following words and phrases
Восстановительная среда; низкомолекулярные легкие углеводороды; залежь (нефти); известковый ил; впадина; осадочный бассейн; бурить скважину; проницаемость; запасы подземных вод; пустоты в породе; доломит; экранирующие породы; сцементированный; глины плоскостей сбросов; изверженная порода; складка-антиклиналь; тектоническая экранированная ловушка.
Ex. 10 Translate the sentences into Russian, using the active vocabulary from the previous exercises.
Alloil and gas depositsare found instructural or stratigraphic trapsin
sandstonesand coarse-grainedlimestones.
A piece ofsandstone or limestoneis very much like a hard sponge, full of holes, but not compressible. These holes, orpores, can contain water or oil or gas, and the rock will be saturated with one of the three. The holes are much tinier than sponge holes, but they are still holes, and they are calledporosity.
It is important to study the formation and the decay of oil and gas deposits as it allowstargeted prospecting and explorationas well as the improved quest foroil.
Tectonic movements may lead to the loss oftrapsas a result of their inclination orfault, thus oil and gas will migrate to another trap or to the surface.
It is not unusual to have layers in the earth’s crust made up mostly of shale that are 4 miles thick, deposited in quiet ocean waters over millions of years time.
At first, the oil and gas only exist between the shale particles as extremely tiny blobs, left over from the decay of the tiny animals. Then, the intense pressure of the earth squeezes the oil and gas out of the shale, and the oil and gas fluids gather together in aporous layerand move sideways many miles. On their way, they may meet up with other travelingoil or gasfluids.
The trap may be a simpledome(or big bump), just a “crease” in the rocks, or it may be a more complexfault trap. Allpore spacesin the rocks are filled with fluid, either water, gas, or oil. Gas, being the lightest, moves to the top. Oil locates right beneath the gas, and water stayslower.
Once the oil and gas reach an impenetrable layer, a layer that is very dense ornon-permeable, the movement stops. The impenetrable layer is called a “caprock”.
Stratigraphic trapsare depositional in nature. This means they are formed in place, often by a body ofporous sandstone or limestonebecoming enclosed in shale. The shale keeps the oil and gas from escaping thetrap, as it is generally very difficult for fluids (either oil or gas) to migrate through shales. In essence, this kind of stratigraphic trap is surrounded by “caprock”.
Theanticlineis a structural type of trap, as is thefault trapand thesalt dometrap.The stratigraphic trap was formed whenrock layersat the bottom were tilted, then eroded flat. Then more layers were formed horizontally on topof
the tilted ones. The oil moved up through the tiltedporous rockand was trapped underneath the horizontal, nonporous (cap) rocks.