Добавил:
Upload Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз: Предмет: Файл:
Metodichni_rekomendatsiyi_do_vikonannya_kontrolnikh_robit_dlya_studentiv_zaochnoyi_formi_navchannya_BIE_4_kurs.doc
Скачиваний:
0
Добавлен:
01.07.2025
Размер:
342.02 Кб
Скачать

1. Перекладіть тексти рідною мовою та готуйтесь переказувати їх англійською.

What is economics?

Economy is very old. It is probably the first art which man acquired. When in ancient times some people went out to hunt while others stayed to defend the fire and still others traded (exchange) some things for other ones, in all these cases we had economy.

But Economics as an academic discipline is new. The first important books on Economics was published in 1776. It was “The Wealth of Nations” written by Adam Smith (1723-1790). The author of this book was a Scottish economist. When he published the book Adam Smith was 53 years old. In the book he described the new world of industry and commerce. The fact is that his book founded classical economics modern for that time.

Since that time the subject developed rapidly. Now there are many branches of the subject. Thay are microeconomics, international economics, econometrics and so on.

There is an economic aspect to almost any topic we mention – education, health care, religion, employment, housing, transport, defence, etc. Economics is a theory of how society works. It seems to be clear. However, it is difficult to define economics. There are many definitions.

The great classical economist Alfred Marshall defined: “Economics is the study of man in everyday business of life”. J. Beardshaw, a British economist, gave more modern definition. It is:” The human science which studies the relationship between resources and the various users which compete for these resources”.

The functions of every economic system

There are many economic problems – poverty, inflation, unemployment, etc. People in different modern societies solve these problems in different ways.

The great American economist Paul Samuelson said that every economic society has to answer three main questions:

1.What to produce? 2.How to produce? 3.Who gets the product?

These questions are universal. They are true for any economic system. So, it has the three functions.

The first function is to make a right decision what goods we are going to produce with the given resources – clothes, food, cars, television sets, books, etc.?

The second function is to decide how we are going to produce goods and services with the basic resources of labour, land, etc. What methods are the best and the most effective is an important question here.

The third function. Once we have produced goods and services we now have to decide how these will be divided, distributed among the people in the economy.

Grammar

    1. Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дієслова в Present Continuous або в Present

Simple.

  1. I _____ (to take) my sister to school now.

2.She _____ (to play ) the violin every day. 3.He _____ (to work) in the centre of Chicago.

4._____ he _____ (to work) in the centre of Chicago? 5._____ You _____ (to play) volleyball well? 6.Look! Kate _____ (to dance).

7.He _____ (to live) in England. 8.He _____ (to work) every day. 9._____ he _____ (to sleep) now?

10.We _____(to go) to the country in winter.